Midterm Flashcards
What did the study on students in toggle show?
As we progressed in the curriculum our speed reduced as we gained conrol
What is the unique feature of Force/Time plot in toggle
2-peak feature of force-time plot unique to toggle recoil manipulation with a drop mechanism
Restoration of the atlas in alignment showed a what to BP
sustained reduction similar to that of a 2-drug combination therapy
What is health
state of optimal physical, emotional and social well-being
What receives afferent postural input from the dorsal neck musculature
Intermediate nucleus
Where does interference occur with an atlas subluxation
between the intermediate nucleus and the nucleus tractus solitaruis
What reflex is altered with atlas subluxation and BP
baroreceptor reflex
What do the triceps give you in an adjustment
speed
what do the pecs give you in an adjustment
depth
What are the 3 upper cervical theories
dysafferentation/dysefferentation
dentate ligament theory
fluid dynamics theory
What is the dysafferentation/dysefferentation theory
Broad umbrella theory about signals in and out
What is the dentate ligament theory
States that tension/torsion of the dentate ligaments can affect the cord causing dysfunction through a series of anatomical features
4 structures at level of atlas
dura mater
Pia mater
Dentate ligaments
Myodural bridge
What does the myodural bridge form between
rectus capitis posterior minor attaching and dura mater
What is the fluid dynamics theory
States that every fluid should be in equilibrium
CSF, Lymph, blood (o2, immunity)
Which theory do the 5 pathologies fit
fluid dynamics theory
What are the 8 exercises we do to warm up
hamstring shoulder roll thumb web stretch (grasp) wrist (4) arched hand torque pectoralis (2) triceps
5 evaluation procedures in chiropractic
xray instrumentation leg check palpation symptomatology
pp
patient placement
ds
doctor stance
cp
contact point
scp
segmental contact point
ch
contact hand
sh
stabilization hand
tq
torque
tp
tissue pull
ri
roll in
loc
line of correction
what is accommodation
The need of the doctor to alter body position in order to allow the minimal and equal elbow bend.
what is adjustment
Delivery of a specific dynamic thrust to a neurologically influenced joint complex.
arch
Position of doctor’s hand to allow a specific stabilized pisiform contact.
depth
Distance travelled by the contact point during the thrust prior to retraction or follow through (pectoralis musculature).
speed
Velocity of the segmental contact point (triceps).
toggle
knee-like joint that transmits pressures at right angles. It has two arms that are hinged together at an angle. A force applied at the hinge, causing the angle to straighten, produces a much greater force at the end of the arms.
recoil
The vibratory or oscillatory motion of a system, due to the innate elasticity of that system in response to the application of a force until a new equilibrium is realized
Cp 1
pisiform
cp 2
fleshy pisiform
cp 3
5th metacarpal
cp 4
chiro index finger middle and proximal pads
cp 5
tip of chiro index finger
cp 6
tip pointer finger
cp 7
middle pad of pointer finger
cp 8
proximal pad of pointer finger/1st meta carpal
cp9
tip of thumb
cp 10a
distal thenar pad
cp 10b
proximal thenar pad
cp 11
hook hammate
how many toggle upper cervical listings are there
20
how many atlas listings are there
12
how many axis listings are there
8
What does AS mean
a- atlas
s-anterior tubercle superior
what does AI mean
a-atlas
i-anterior tubercle inferior
what does R/L mean
curvalinear motion to right or left
what does A/P mean
rotated anterior or posterior on side of laterality
What does a simple axis listing have
Spinous right (left)-body pivot
entire segment right (left)
what does a compound axis listing have
Spinous right (left)-body pivot, entire segment right (left)
in terms of relative rotation what does constant mean
when the atlas and axis rotate in the same direction
in terms of relative rotation what does variable mean
atlas and axis rotate in opposite directions
in terms of relative rotation what does non-applicable mean
when atlas and/or axis show no rotation
What to adjust when the rotation is constant
which ever has the greater misalignment
what to adjust when variable
atlas first
what to adjust when non-applicable
which ever has the greater misalignment
8 findings on stick diagrams
- specific for lateral
- specific for nasium
- 70% for nasium
- specific for base post
- complete atlas
- complete axis
- assumed atlas
- constant/var/ NA
what is the functional view
taken A-P but analyzed P-A
Projection name for lateral
longitudinal
Projection name for nasium
horizontal
Projection name for base posterior
vertical
Projection name for apom
verticohorizontal
what views are for toggle
nasium and base posterior
Primary Purpose for lateral view
determines AS/AI of c1
Primary Purpose for nasium
determines laterality of c1
Primary Purpose for base posterior
determine rotation of c1
Primary Purpose for apom
determines c2 listing
secondary purpose for lateral
evaluate cervical curve and pathologies
secondary purpose for nasium
70% finding and condyle asymmetry
secondary purpose for base posterior
evalutate for pathologies
secondary purpose for apom
assumed atlas and pathologies
Lines on lateral
Occiptal condyle line
atlas plane line
listing line
how to draw Occipital condyle line
front and back of occipital condyle
how to draw atlas plane line
anterior tubercle and posterior arch
base of anterior tubercle
how to draw listing line
parallel to OCL
What does the nasium view tell us
horizontal pitch of atlas
Lines on the nazium
ocular orbit line
superior base line
inferior base line
vertical median line
how to draw ocular orbit line
analagous points in orbits
what does the ocular orbit line tell us
pitch of head
how to draw superior basic line
parallel to OOL, down to first medial inferior condyle tips
how to draw inferior basic line
lateral inferior tips of c1 lateral masses
how to draw vertical median line
drawn through the center of the foramen magnum and is 90 to the OOL
lines on the base posterior
atlas plane line
perpendicular skull line
how to draw atlas plane line
middle of transverse foramina
how to draw perpendicular skull line
Originates high and centrally on the nasal septum and then intersects the middle of the basiliar process.
lines on apom
Ocular orbit line
superior basic line
inferior basic line
vertical median line
how to draw superior basic line on apom
jugular processes
1” pivot
anterior listing
2” pivot
3 letter listing
3” pivot
posterior listing
LOC via ASRA
S-I
R-L
A-P
AS torque
towards body
AI torque
away from body
Episternal notch for anterior
1” infront of external acuoustic meatus
so on zygomatic arch
Episternal notch for 3 letter listing
at external acoustic meatus
Episternal notch for posterior listing
1” behind external acousitc meatus
so on EOP
where does your episternal notch go
center of your mechanism
tissue pull for anterior
S-I, A-P
tissue pull for 3 letter
S-I
tissue pull for posterior
S-I, P-A
Arch/Roll In procedure
1- stance 2- pivot 3-bend 4- notch 5-accomidate 6-palpate 7-TP 8-arch 9-RI 10-stabilize 11-minimize 12-equalize
vertical median line is in reference to what structure
foramen magnum
what does the vertical median line represent
bio-geometric center of canal/foramen magnum
What does tytron tell you
relative skin temp
what pathology does tytron show you
neuropathology
pattern gold standard
3 scans within 24 hours (0-12-24)
How many hours does the upper cervicals use to show adaptation
4 hours
Pre scan
before adjustment
post scan
after 10 minutes of rest
3 scan outcomes
pattern
adaptive
stress
pattern
lay on top of eachother
adaptive
looks like dna
stress
sharp breaks
what causes stress scans
emotional stress physical stress pain drugs caffeine
office procedure for tytron
acclimate 1st reading x-rays, case history, exams 2nd reading return later in day analyze films 3rd reading adjust rest eval
What are the reasons we use torque
- correction factor for AS/AI
- isolate thrust force
- penetration through soft tissue
- concentrates force to focal point
- adds speed
how to find posterior arch
styloid fossa….posterior spinous c2
2/3 way
lam ped of c2 is where
from posterior arch its 1 finger length inferior and 1 finger length medial
where is mid lamina of c2
more medial and inferior
why would you contact posterior arch
- elongated mastoid
- elongated styloid
- altered angle of C1 TVP
- excessive AS/AI (+10)
- CP/SCP size
Where do you move your episternal notch when contacting posterior arch
posterior 1”
Anterior- at auditory meatus
3 letter-behind ear
posterior- beyond head
Altered tissue pull with posterior arch contact
a- S-I, A-P
3- S-I, A-P
p- S-I, A-P
70 % rule for nasium
side of convergence of SBL and IBL is laterality
