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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What did the study on students in toggle show?

A

As we progressed in the curriculum our speed reduced as we gained conrol

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2
Q

What is the unique feature of Force/Time plot in toggle

A

2-peak feature of force-time plot unique to toggle recoil manipulation with a drop mechanism

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3
Q

Restoration of the atlas in alignment showed a what to BP

A

sustained reduction similar to that of a 2-drug combination therapy

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4
Q

What is health

A

state of optimal physical, emotional and social well-being

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5
Q

What receives afferent postural input from the dorsal neck musculature

A

Intermediate nucleus

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6
Q

Where does interference occur with an atlas subluxation

A

between the intermediate nucleus and the nucleus tractus solitaruis

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7
Q

What reflex is altered with atlas subluxation and BP

A

baroreceptor reflex

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8
Q

What do the triceps give you in an adjustment

A

speed

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9
Q

what do the pecs give you in an adjustment

A

depth

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10
Q

What are the 3 upper cervical theories

A

dysafferentation/dysefferentation
dentate ligament theory
fluid dynamics theory

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11
Q

What is the dysafferentation/dysefferentation theory

A

Broad umbrella theory about signals in and out

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12
Q

What is the dentate ligament theory

A

States that tension/torsion of the dentate ligaments can affect the cord causing dysfunction through a series of anatomical features

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13
Q

4 structures at level of atlas

A

dura mater
Pia mater
Dentate ligaments
Myodural bridge

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14
Q

What does the myodural bridge form between

A

rectus capitis posterior minor attaching and dura mater

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15
Q

What is the fluid dynamics theory

A

States that every fluid should be in equilibrium

CSF, Lymph, blood (o2, immunity)

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16
Q

Which theory do the 5 pathologies fit

A

fluid dynamics theory

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17
Q

What are the 8 exercises we do to warm up

A 
hamstring
shoulder roll
thumb web stretch (grasp)
wrist (4)
arched hand
torque
pectoralis (2)
triceps
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18
Q

5 evaluation procedures in chiropractic

A 
xray
instrumentation
leg check
palpation
symptomatology
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19
Q

pp

A

patient placement

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20
Q

ds

A

doctor stance

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21
Q

cp

A

contact point

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22
Q

scp

A

segmental contact point

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23
Q

ch

A

contact hand

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24
Q

sh

A

stabilization hand

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25
Q

tq

A

torque

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26
Q

tp

A

tissue pull

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27
Q

ri

A

roll in

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28
Q

loc

A

line of correction

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29
Q

what is accommodation

A

The need of the doctor to alter body position in order to allow the minimal and equal elbow bend.

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30
Q

what is adjustment

A

Delivery of a specific dynamic thrust to a neurologically influenced joint complex.

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31
Q

arch

A

Position of doctor’s hand to allow a specific stabilized pisiform contact.

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32
Q

depth

A

Distance travelled by the contact point during the thrust prior to retraction or follow through (pectoralis musculature).

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33
Q

speed

A

Velocity of the segmental contact point (triceps).

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34
Q

toggle

A

knee-like joint that transmits pressures at right angles. It has two arms that are hinged together at an angle. A force applied at the hinge, causing the angle to straighten, produces a much greater force at the end of the arms.

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35
Q

recoil

A

The vibratory or oscillatory motion of a system, due to the innate elasticity of that system in response to the application of a force until a new equilibrium is realized

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36
Q

Cp 1

A

pisiform

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37
Q

cp 2

A

fleshy pisiform

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38
Q

cp 3

A

5th metacarpal

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39
Q

cp 4

A

chiro index finger middle and proximal pads

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40
Q

cp 5

A

tip of chiro index finger

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41
Q

cp 6

A

tip pointer finger

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42
Q

cp 7

A

middle pad of pointer finger

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43
Q

cp 8

A

proximal pad of pointer finger/1st meta carpal

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44
Q

cp9

A

tip of thumb

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45
Q

cp 10a

A

distal thenar pad

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46
Q

cp 10b

A

proximal thenar pad

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47
Q

cp 11

A

hook hammate

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48
Q

how many toggle upper cervical listings are there

A

20

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49
Q

how many atlas listings are there

A

12

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50
Q

how many axis listings are there

A

8

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51
Q

What does AS mean

A

a- atlas

s-anterior tubercle superior

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52
Q

what does AI mean

A

a-atlas

i-anterior tubercle inferior

53
Q

what does R/L mean

A

curvalinear motion to right or left

54
Q

what does A/P mean

A

rotated anterior or posterior on side of laterality

55
Q

What does a simple axis listing have

A

Spinous right (left)-body pivot

entire segment right (left)

56
Q

what does a compound axis listing have

A

Spinous right (left)-body pivot, entire segment right (left)

57
Q

in terms of relative rotation what does constant mean

A

when the atlas and axis rotate in the same direction

58
Q

in terms of relative rotation what does variable mean

A

atlas and axis rotate in opposite directions

59
Q

in terms of relative rotation what does non-applicable mean

A

when atlas and/or axis show no rotation

60
Q

What to adjust when the rotation is constant

A

which ever has the greater misalignment

61
Q

what to adjust when variable

A

atlas first

62
Q

what to adjust when non-applicable

A

which ever has the greater misalignment

63
Q

8 findings on stick diagrams

A
  1. specific for lateral
  2. specific for nasium
  3. 70% for nasium
  4. specific for base post
  5. complete atlas
  6. complete axis
  7. assumed atlas
  8. constant/var/ NA
64
Q

what is the functional view

A

taken A-P but analyzed P-A

65
Q

Projection name for lateral

A

longitudinal

66
Q

Projection name for nasium

A

horizontal

67
Q

Projection name for base posterior

A

vertical

68
Q

Projection name for apom

A

verticohorizontal

69
Q

what views are for toggle

A

nasium and base posterior

70
Q

Primary Purpose for lateral view

A

determines AS/AI of c1

71
Q

Primary Purpose for nasium

A

determines laterality of c1

72
Q

Primary Purpose for base posterior

A

determine rotation of c1

73
Q

Primary Purpose for apom

A

determines c2 listing

74
Q

secondary purpose for lateral

A

evaluate cervical curve and pathologies

75
Q

secondary purpose for nasium

A

70% finding and condyle asymmetry

76
Q

secondary purpose for base posterior

A

evalutate for pathologies

77
Q

secondary purpose for apom

A

assumed atlas and pathologies

78
Q

Lines on lateral

A

Occiptal condyle line
atlas plane line
listing line

79
Q

how to draw Occipital condyle line

A

front and back of occipital condyle

80
Q

how to draw atlas plane line

A

anterior tubercle and posterior arch

base of anterior tubercle

81
Q

how to draw listing line

A

parallel to OCL

82
Q

What does the nasium view tell us

A

horizontal pitch of atlas

83
Q

Lines on the nazium

A

ocular orbit line
superior base line
inferior base line
vertical median line

84
Q

how to draw ocular orbit line

A

analagous points in orbits

85
Q

what does the ocular orbit line tell us

A

pitch of head

86
Q

how to draw superior basic line

A

parallel to OOL, down to first medial inferior condyle tips

87
Q

how to draw inferior basic line

A

lateral inferior tips of c1 lateral masses

88
Q

how to draw vertical median line

A

drawn through the center of the foramen magnum and is 90 to the OOL

89
Q

lines on the base posterior

A

atlas plane line

perpendicular skull line

90
Q

how to draw atlas plane line

A

middle of transverse foramina

91
Q

how to draw perpendicular skull line

A

Originates high and centrally on the nasal septum and then intersects the middle of the basiliar process.

92
Q

lines on apom

A

Ocular orbit line
superior basic line
inferior basic line
vertical median line

93
Q

how to draw superior basic line on apom

A

jugular processes

94
Q

1” pivot

A

anterior listing

95
Q

2” pivot

A

3 letter listing

96
Q

3” pivot

A

posterior listing

97
Q

LOC via ASRA

A

S-I
R-L
A-P

98
Q

AS torque

A

towards body

99
Q

AI torque

A

away from body

100
Q

Episternal notch for anterior

A

1” infront of external acuoustic meatus

so on zygomatic arch

101
Q

Episternal notch for 3 letter listing

A

at external acoustic meatus

102
Q

Episternal notch for posterior listing

A

1” behind external acousitc meatus

so on EOP

103
Q

where does your episternal notch go

A

center of your mechanism

104
Q

tissue pull for anterior

A

S-I, A-P

105
Q

tissue pull for 3 letter

A

S-I

106
Q

tissue pull for posterior

A

S-I, P-A

107
Q

Arch/Roll In procedure

A 
1- stance
2- pivot
3-bend
4- notch
5-accomidate
6-palpate
7-TP
8-arch
9-RI
10-stabilize
11-minimize
12-equalize
108
Q

vertical median line is in reference to what structure

A

foramen magnum

109
Q

what does the vertical median line represent

A

bio-geometric center of canal/foramen magnum

110
Q

What does tytron tell you

A

relative skin temp

111
Q

what pathology does tytron show you

A

neuropathology

112
Q

pattern gold standard

A

3 scans within 24 hours (0-12-24)

113
Q

How many hours does the upper cervicals use to show adaptation

A

4 hours

114
Q

Pre scan

A

before adjustment

115
Q

post scan

A

after 10 minutes of rest

116
Q

3 scan outcomes

A

pattern
adaptive
stress

117
Q

pattern

A

lay on top of eachother

118
Q

adaptive

A

looks like dna

119
Q

stress

A

sharp breaks

120
Q

what causes stress scans

A 
emotional stress
physical stress
pain
drugs
caffeine
121
Q

office procedure for tytron

A 
acclimate
1st reading
x-rays, case history, exams
2nd reading
return later in day
analyze films
3rd reading
adjust
rest
eval
122
Q

What are the reasons we use torque

A
  1. correction factor for AS/AI
  2. isolate thrust force
  3. penetration through soft tissue
  4. concentrates force to focal point
  5. adds speed
123
Q

how to find posterior arch

A

styloid fossa….posterior spinous c2

2/3 way

124
Q

lam ped of c2 is where

A

from posterior arch its 1 finger length inferior and 1 finger length medial

125
Q

where is mid lamina of c2

A

more medial and inferior

126
Q

why would you contact posterior arch

A
  • elongated mastoid
  • elongated styloid
  • altered angle of C1 TVP
  • excessive AS/AI (+10)
  • CP/SCP size
127
Q

Where do you move your episternal notch when contacting posterior arch

A

posterior 1”

Anterior- at auditory meatus

3 letter-behind ear

posterior- beyond head

128
Q

Altered tissue pull with posterior arch contact

A

a- S-I, A-P
3- S-I, A-P
p- S-I, A-P

129
Q

70 % rule for nasium

A

side of convergence of SBL and IBL is laterality

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