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Oral Pathology Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Leukoplakia: Overview

A

White patch that cannot be rubbed off

Cannot be characterized as any other disease

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2
Q

What are the clinical features and most common sites of Leukoplakia?

A

ranges from thin, grayish, and translucent - rough, white/yellow, and leathery
Floor of mouth; ventrolateral tongue, lips

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3
Q

What ages and gender does leukoplakia effect?

A

Any age or gender equally

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4
Q

Histopathology of leukoplakia.

A

benign hyperkeratosis and acanthosis - epithelial dysplasia - invasive squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

What are treatment options for leukoplakia?

A
  • Site dependent
  • Long-term follow-up
  • Conventional or laser excision
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6
Q

What is the prognosis for leukoplakia?

A
  • Histology dependent

- Excellent - Poor

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7
Q

Frictional Keratosis overview:

A

Epithelial response to chronic trauma

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8
Q

What are the clinical featres for Frictional keratosis?

A

On palpation, it ranges from smooth to rough, irregular and leathery in consistency.

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9
Q

What are the most common locations Frictional Keratosis?

A

Lips, cheeks, and lateral tongue

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10
Q

What ages and genders are most commonly effected by frictional keratosis?

A
  • Can effect any age
  • No gender predilection
  • Commonly found in younger
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11
Q

Describe the histology of Frictional Keratosis,

A

Hyperkeratosis and/or acanthosis

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12
Q

What are the treatment options for Frictional keratosis?

A
  • Remove irritating factor
  • Biopsy persisting lesions
  • follow-up
  • rebiopsy
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13
Q

What are the clinical features of Tobacco Keratosis: Snuff Dipper’s Keratosis?

A

Well demarcated translucent grayish to rough and wrinkled or folded with deep furrows that are white or yellow in color

Gingival recession is present

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14
Q

What gender and ages are commonly effected by Tobacco keratosis?

A

White, blue-collar males

> 18 years old

10-30 years old

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15
Q

What are the histological features of Tobacco keratosis?

A

hyperkeratosis and acanthosis

longer use: epithelial dysplasia and/or invasive carcinoma (50 fold increase)

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16
Q

What are the treatment options for Tobacco Keratosis?

A
  • stop tobacco use
  • excision with clean margins if dysplasia
  • complete excision if in high risk locations
  • long-term follow-up
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17
Q

What is the prognosis of Tobacco keratosis?

A

Good - Poor

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18
Q

What are the clinical features of Cigarette Smoking-Related Keratosis?

A

smooth, white - rough -verruciform

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19
Q

What gender and ages are more commonly effected by Cigarette smoking-related keratosis?

A

Middle-aged males

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20
Q

What are the common sites of Cigarette keratosis?

A

Buccal mucosa, mucobuccal fold, and floor of mouth

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21
Q

Describe the histology of Cigarette keratosis.

A

benign, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and melanin incontinece

to

epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive sqamous cell carcinoma

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22
Q

What are the treatment options for cigarette keratosis?

A

Removal and excision

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23
Q

Pipe/Cigar: nicotinic stomatitis

A

A benign epithelial change of both the surface and the minor salivary gland ducts;

Leads to hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with hyperplastic dilated salivary ducts

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24
Q

Where is nicotinic stomatitis most commonly found?

A

the palate (lip cancer where pipe is being held)

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25
What are the clinical features of nicotinic stomatitis?
- Diffuse white surface | - uniformly interspersed by small red dots (dilated salivary ducts)
26
Describe the histopathology of nicotinic stomatitis.
benign hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with salivary gland duct - proliferation and metaplasia
27
What are the treatment options for nicotinic carcinoma?
Stop smoking examine lower lip and oro-naso pharyngeal area for SCC
28
What is the prognosis for nicotintic stomatitis?
depends on histology
29
Idiopathic Leukoplakia (keratosis) Overview.
Uncommon; histologically benign (hyperkeratosis and acanthosis) can develop into SCC can recur an dprogress over 1-2-30 years
30
What is the name of malignant Idiopathic Leukoplakia?
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (1/3 common smokers)
31
Erythroplakia overview:
Red patch that does does not represent any other disease. No histological connotation and should not be used as a diagnosis. Histological and clinical significance are much greater than leukoplakia
32
Erythorplakia vs. Leukoplakia
49% premalignant, 51% malignant VS. 80% benign, 17% premalignant, 3% SCC
33
Etiologies for erythroplakia?
tobacco and alcohol (75% of patients)
34
What are the high risk sites for erythroplakia?
floor of mouth; ventrolateral tongue, soft palate area
35
What are the clinical features of erythroplakia?
red, velvety, and well-demarcated areas rough or smooth rean and white (speckled) (sometimes) ulcerated
36
What gender and ages are most commonly effectedy by erythroplakia?
males over 45 yo younger patients (smoking and tobacco)
37
Describe the histology of erythroplakia.
mild epithelial dysplasia - CIS - SCC
38
Clinical tips:
- not a hemanioma = biopsy | - risk areas = biopsy
39
What are the treatment options for erythroplakia?
Excision
40
Papilloma overview
benign epithelial proliferation (may be true neoplasm of epithelial origin)
41
What is the etiology of papilloma?
HPV 6/11
42
what is the most common age papilloma occurs?
30-50 years old
43
What are the risk areas for papilloma?
anywhere; floor of the mouth, soft palate, tongue
44
What is the clinical presentation of papilloma's?
Sessile or pedunculated, cauliflower-like keratotic lesion
45
Describe the histology of a papilloma.
elevated finger-like projections of proliferateing epithelial cells supported by fibrous connective tissue core
46
What are the treatment options for papilloma?
Excision
47
Verruca Vulgaris
- Common Wart | - benign lesions representing epithelial proliferation
48
What is the etiology of VV?
HPV 2 and 4
49
What are the clinical features of VV?
Indistinguishable from papilloma's Occurs in multiples (finger mouth)
50
What ages are commonly effected by VV?
20% of all children
51
Descrie the treatment options for VV?
thick keratin layers, alternating parakeratin and orthokeratin with granular cell layer and keratohyalin granules
52
Condyloma acuminatium
Venereal wart benign papillomatous proliferation of surface epithelium 30% of all STD's
53
What is/are the etiologies of conyloma acuminatum?
HPV 6/11 | Sexually transmitted
54
What are the clinical features of condyloma acuminatum?
common in genitals, occur in oral cavity single papillary pinkish/white lesion or multiple membranous pink and papillomatous lesions
55
Describe the histopathology of Condyloma acuminatum.
broad papillary projections with empty cytoplasm and meiosis connective tissue is loose, vascular and filled with lymphoctes
56
How do you treat condyloma acuminatum?
chemical cauterization, surgical removal
57
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia overview:
Heck's disease. | Transmitted via contact and occurs in schools and families
58
Who is commonly effected by focal epithelial hyperplasia?
Native Americans, South American Indians
59
What are the clinical features of focal epithelial hyperplasia?
multiple lesions, slightly raised, smooth and same color as the surrounding mucosa
60
What age group is usually effected by focal epithelial hyperplasia?
- children younger than teenage years - rarely in 50yo patients - adult AIDS patients - congested areas
61
Where are the most common locations of focal epithelial hyperplasia?
lip and buccal mucosa then on the gingiva, palate and other
62
Treatment for focal epithelial hyperplasia?
none, spontaneously go away
63
Pigmented Nevi Overview:
benign neoplasms or hamartomas of melanocyte origin
64
Junctional nevus Overview
Rare in the mouth common on skin
65
What are the clinica features of Junctional Nevus?
flat, well demarcated, brown 3% of all nevi in the oral cavity
66
Describe the histology of a Junctional nevus.
nevus cells at the jucntion of the surface epithelium and underlying fibrous connective tissue Melanin pigment is present
67
Intramucosal Nevus Overview:
most common nevus of the oral cavity 55%
68
What are the clinical features of intramucosal nevi?
elevated, papillary lesion, brown and/or amelanotic (pink)
69
What is the most common location of intramucosal nevi?
gingiva
70
Describe the histology of intramucosal nevi?
Aggregates and theaques of nevus cells in fibrous connective tissue, separate from the surface by a band of fibrous connective tissue
71
Compund Nevus overview:
6% of all oral nevi Brown elevated nodule anywhere in the oral cavity
72
Describe the histology of compund nevi.
aggregates of nevus cells present at the epithelial junctions and vibrous connective tissue melanin pigment within nevus cells and surronding tissue
73
Blue Nevus Overview
36% of oral nevi
74
What are the clinical features of blue nevus?
slightly raised; bluish-black lesion Most common on the palate
75
Describe the histopathology of Blue nevus?
spinle-shaped nevus cells in teh deeper portion of connective tissue parallel to collagen bundle lots of melanin pigment
76
Treatment options for blue nevus
excision (masticatory friction)
77
Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma Overview
most common malignant neoplasm of the mouth 90% of all malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity
78
What is the more common gender and age for SCC?
55 year old MEN or >60 men young adults with history of tobacco chew
79
What are the most common locations of SCC?
lateral and ventral tongue; floor of the moth, gingiva
80
Clinical presentation of SCC?
benign - malignant looking mistaken for lymphadenopathy non-healing ulcer; red, red/white lesions; ulcers with rolled borders; fungating; fixation induration
81
What are the main risk factors for SCC?
tobacco and aclohol

Oral Pathology Midterm (2 decks)

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