Midterm

Question 1

Views included in routine xray of the chest

Answer 1

Left lateral and PA

Question 2

Thoracic spine film vs chest film

Answer 2

SPINE:
Done AP
Either lateral

CHEST:
Done PA
Left lateral

Question 3

What anatomical region & conditions best demonstrated by apical lordotic view?

Answer 3

Apices of the lung

Pancoast tumor, pneumothorax, secondary TB

Question 4

Is a routine xray taken with inspiration or expiration?

Answer 4

Held inspiration

Question 5

Difference between films taken with held inspiration vs expiration

Answer 5

Inspiration: Heart is smaller, diaphragm lower, lung vessels expanded
Expiration: Heat appears enlarged, lungs look full

Question 6

What condition better demonstrated with expiration instead of inspiration?

Answer 6

Bronchial obstruction

Pneumothorax

Question 7

Diffuse “white lung dz” is suggestive of..

Answer 7

CHF

Systemic dz

Question 8

Localized/lobar “white lung dz” is suggestive of..

Answer 8

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 9

Solitary mass/nodule “white lung dz” is suggestive of..

Answer 9

Bronchiogenic carcinoma

Question 10

Multiple masses/nodules “white lung dz” suggestive of..

Answer 10

Metastasis

Abestosis

Question 11

What is the silhouette sign?

Answer 11

2 structures of same radiographic density are in contact and there is no visible margins between the two structures because too much fluid is present

Question 12

Causes of resorptive atelectasis

Answer 12

Obstruction.

bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, foreign body, bronchial TB, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, post operative

Question 13

Causes of passive atelectasis

Answer 13

Intrathoracic space-occupying process –> pneumothorax, hydrothorax, hemothorax

Question 14

Causes of cicatrization atelectasis

Answer 14

Generalized fibrosis, TB, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, silicosis, radiation tx

Question 15

Causes of adhesive atelectasis

Answer 15

Surfactant abnormality
Respiratory distress syndrome
Pneumonitis

Question 16

Most common atelectasis and cause?

Answer 16

Absorptive atelectasis

Caused by bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, foreign body, bronchial TB

Question 17

Signs of atelectasis

Answer 17

Displaced fissure
Elevated hemidiaphragm
Displaced hilus
Mediastinal shift

Question 18

What is the direction of collapse in absorptive, cicatrization and adhesive atelectasis?

Answer 18

TOWARDS collapsed lung

Question 19

What is the direction of collapse in passive atelectasis?

Answer 19

AWAY from collapsed lung

Question 20

What condition commonly demonstrates a mass in the pulmonary apex or hilar area and may cavitate?

Answer 20

Pancoast tumor

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 21

Which condition commonly demonstrates pleural plaques in the lung bases?

Answer 21

Abestosis

Question 22

Radiographic findings of pulmonary emphysema

Answer 22

Flattened, depressed hemidiaphragms
Hyperlucency
Increased retrosternal clear space
Increased AP chest diameter
Decreased peripheral vascular markings

Question 23

What is an air filled bulla?

Answer 23

Air blister in the lungs
Alveolar walls destroyed
Large lucent blebs in lungs

Question 24

Pneumothorax types

Answer 24

Tension
Trauma
Spontaneous

Question 25

What is a pancoast tumor?

Answer 25

Bronchogenic carcinoma in apex of lung

Question 26

4 conditions that cause elevation of hemidiaphragm

Answer 26

Pregnancy
Atelectasis
Phrenic nerve palsy paralysis of diaphragm
Subphrenic inflammation: splenomegaly

Question 27

What is butterfly/batwing appeareance?

Answer 27

Bilateral perihilar shadowing often seen in pulmonary edema

Question 28

2 causes of left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 28

Aortic stenosis

HTN

Question 29

What is the significance of the retrosternal/anterior and retrocardial/posterior clear spaces?

Answer 29

They may contain masses or effusions

Question 30

Most common retrocardiac (posterior mediastinal) mass?

Answer 30

Hiatal hernia