Midterm 5 Flashcards
Affirmative Action
The use of programs and policies designed to assist groups that have historically been subject to discriminate
Black codes
Laws passed immediately after the civil war that discriminated against freed slaves and other blacks and deprived them of their rights
Equal protection clause
A provision of the 14th amendment that requires the states to treat all residents equally under the law
Intermediate scrutiny
The standard used by the courts to decide cases of discrimination based on gender and sex
Brown v. Board of education
The 1954 Supreme Court ruling that struck down Plessy v. Ferguson and declared segregation and “separate but equal” to be unconstitutional in public education
Civil disobedience
An action taken in violation of the letter of the law to demonstrate that the law is unjust
De facto segregation
Segregation that results from the private choices of individuals
De jure segregation
Segregation that results from government discrimination
Direct action
Civil rights campaigns that directly confronted segregationist practices through public demonstrations
Disenfranchise
The revocation of someone’s right to vote
Grandfather clause
The provisions in some southern states that allowed illiterate whites to vote because their ancestors had been able to vote before the 15th amendment was ratified
Jim Crow laws
State and local laws that promoted racial segregation and undermined black voting rights in the south after reconstruction
Literacy tests
Tests that required the prospective voter in some states to be able to read a passage of text and answer questions about it
Plessy v. Ferguson
The 1896 Supreme Court ruling that allowed “separate but equal” racial segregation under the equal protection clause under the 14th amendment
Poll tax
Annual tax imposed by some states before a person was allowed to vote
