Midterm Flashcards
Bebop (the most influential bop performer, greatest influence with IMPROV and the approach to improv)
Alto Sax player (considered to be the most important saxophonist)
Charlie Parker
Bebop
Piano player
Very well respected
Art Tatum
Bebop and cool (influenced both of them)
Which aspect of his style did bebop players like? Which aspect appealed to cool players?
Jazz tenor saxophone and clarinet
Lester Young
Bebop artists like his improv style
Cool-era musicians liked the cool era and his phrasing (it didn’t have much accent, his notes were more evenly balanced)
Bebop
Trumpet leader/band leader/composer
Most important bop trumpet player
Physically demanding range for the trumpet (high range) not easy to play high notes
Dizzy Gillespie
Bebop
Pianist and composer
Considered to be one of the few great bop composers, but this is controversial
played with splayed fingers
Thelonius Monk
Bebop
COMPOSER, considered to be one of the most influential composers of the bop period
Many of his pieces because jazz standards
Number 5 on the listening list “house house” was composed by this person, performed by Dizzy Gillespie
Tad Dammeron
Bebop
Drummer
Kept time in a different way, used the ride symbol (they have a “ting” to it). Started to keep his time on the symbol, used the bass drum for emphasis)
Kenny Clarke
Drummer
will appear in multiple periods
Max Roach
Bebop
Bass Player
Composer and Band Leader
Charles Mingus
Bebop
Bass Player
Known as one of the masters of the walking bass style, where the bass player is “backing up” the soloist.
Ray Brown
Bebop
Bass Player
Early master improviser
Oscar Pettiford
Bebop Pianists (3)
Bud Powell (highly imitated style) George Sheraing (known for having a very light, clean touch) Oscar Peterson (used high and low notes)
Bebop tenor saxophonists (4)
Charlie Parker (alto sax and tenor sax)
Dexter Gordon
Stan Getz
Sonny Stitt
Bebop
Trumpet
Teacher of Clifford Brown
Fatz Navarro
Bebop
Trombone
JJ Johnson
Bebop big band, led by Woody Herman
Which song are they known for?
Which 4 band members?
Woody Herman’s Thundering Herd
“Four Brothers”
Stand Getz, Zoot Sims, Herbie Steward, Serge Chaloff
Trumpet player
Falsely associated with being the very beginning of cool, but he emerged at the end of the bebop period.
What is his ablum title?
Miles Davis; “Birth of the cool”
Emerged during the bebop period but took a liking to cool.
tenor saxophonist
Stan Getz
Cool
Pianist/composer/band leader
Influenced Art Tatum (pianist) and Lester Young (saxophonist)
Played with “locked hands” (hands together or moving in the same fashion)
Used collective improvisation (more than one improviser playing at a given time)
Lennie Tristano
Cool
Alto Saxophone
Featured in the Stan Kinton Orchestra
Lee Konitz
“Birth of the Cool” was a collaboration between these two people.
Which 4 instruments unique to jazz were featured?
Miles Davis and Gil Evans
Tuba, bass clarinet, flute, french horn
Cool
Band Leader
Entertaining seated audiences – music more consistent with a “Jazz Orchestra”
Stan Kenton
Cool Trumpet players (4)
Chet Baker (vocalist and trumpet) Shorty Rogers (composer and arranger) Jack Sheldon (vocalist and trumpet) Art Farmer (Trumpet and flugel horn player)
Cool saxophone players (4); which type of sax?
Art Pepper (Alto Sax): started with Kenton and became one of his best known improvisors Jimmy Giuffre (Tenor Saxophone, Clarinet, and arranger) Paul Desmond (Alto sax) Featured member of the Dave Brubeck quartet Gerry Mulligan (Baritone Saxophone, Composer, and Arranger)
Cool
Tenor Saxophone, Clarinet, and Arranger
Known for composing “Four Brothers”, which was performed by the Thundering Herd
Jimmy Giffre
“Four Brothers”: Composer, band, and who it featured.
Composer: Jimmy Giffre
Band: Thundering Herd
Featured: saxophone section
Cool period drummers (2)
Chico Hamilton (worked with Stan Kenton, was one of the only African Americans in the band) Shelly Mane: played with both Herman and Kenton and became a session musician
Cool
guitar
Jim Hall
Cool period trombone players (3)
Carl Fontana (Considered by many as second only to J.J. Johnson) Frank Rosolino Bob Brookmeyer- Trombone, Arranger, and Composer (played the valve trombone)
Cool
Piano Player
Leader of his own quartet
Two albums: “Jazz goes to college” and “Time Out”
Dave Brubeck
Bosa Nova
Composer, also played the guitar and piano
Collaborated with Stan Getz, Joao Gilbitto, and Astrud Gilbitto
Carlos Jobim
Hard Bop Piano Players (4)
Tommy Flanagan (He was known for flowing solos and having a light touch on the piano. He was best known as a sideman and recorded with musicians such as Miles Davis, Sonny Rollins, and John Coltrane.)
Horace Silver (Pianist, Composer, and Arranger. One of the most influential bandleaders of the Hard Bop Era. Was known for playing short, catchy phrases during his improvisations. He emphasized clarity rather than speed and agility. Most prolific composer of the hard bop period. )
Ahmad Jamal **
Cedar Walton
Hard Bop Trumpet Players (3)
Clifford Brown (Was influenced and taught by trumpet player Fats Navarro. He is not widely known outside of Jazz circles, but is considered to be one the most talented trumpet players of our time, DIED VERY YOUNG IN A CAR ACCIDENT)
Freddie Hubbard
Lee Morgan (composer also, was influenced by Clifford Brown)
Hard Bop Drummers (3)
Max Roach (He was known for collaborating with Clifford Brown during the Hard Bop Era. He also was a notable drummer during the Bebop era as well.)
Art Blakey (considered to be one of the first true jazz educators because he would train younger generations of jazz musicians. He also founded a group called the Jazz Messengers with Horace Silver and led the band.)
Philly Jo Jones (one of the most influential drummers because of his drumming style.)
Hard Bop Saxophonists (6)
Cannonball Adderley: Considered to be the most influential Alto Saxophonist since Charlie Parker
Sonny Rollins: Was one of the most popular Tenor Saxophonists of the 1950s and beyond. Composer and Band leader.
Gene Ammons: Notable Tenor Saxophonist
Benny Golson: Notable Tenor Saxophonist who started his career with the Jazz Messengers. Was also a widely respected composer, because many of his songs became jazz standards.
John Coltrane: Notable Tenor Saxophonist and Composer
Joe Henderson: Composer and notable Tenor Saxophonist. He was known for being a daring improviser and creating longer melodic phrases
Hard Bop Trombonists (2)
JJ Johnson: style like Max Roach
Curtis Fuller: Played with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers, imaginative improviser
Hard Bop Guitarists (6)
Wes Montgomery: used his thumb instead of a guitar pick, Known as pioneer of octave technique
Kenny Burrell: most recorded jazz guitarist ever, First recording made as sideman for Dizzy Gillespie
Joe Pass
Grant Green
George Benson
Pat Martino
Hard Bop Big band leaders
Thad Jones (trumpet player, composer, band leader)
Gerald Wilson (composer and trumpet player)
Maynard Ferguson (only caucasian band leader)
Hard Bop Organists
Jimmy Smith
“Brother” Jack McDuff
Jimmy McGriff
Legendary trumpet player, band leader, sometimes composer
Miles Davis
Noteworthy contributions of Davis (5)
- Created an original trumpet style unlike his predecessors
- His usage of space
- Created a large body of recording
- Collaboration with Gil Evans
- Considered to be a pioneer of jazz fusion
2 trademarks of Davis’ style
- Use of space
2. Using a mute
Tenor saxophone
band leader, composer, improviser
he was a transformative figure in jazz
John Coletrane
