Midterm

Question 1

Bebop (the most influential bop performer, greatest influence with IMPROV and the approach to improv)
Alto Sax player (considered to be the most important saxophonist)

Answer 1

Charlie Parker

Question 2

Bebop
Piano player
Very well respected

Answer 2

Art Tatum

Question 3

Bebop and cool (influenced both of them)
Which aspect of his style did bebop players like? Which aspect appealed to cool players?
Jazz tenor saxophone and clarinet

Answer 3

Lester Young
Bebop artists like his improv style
Cool-era musicians liked the cool era and his phrasing (it didn’t have much accent, his notes were more evenly balanced)

Question 4

Bebop
Trumpet leader/band leader/composer
Most important bop trumpet player
Physically demanding range for the trumpet (high range) not easy to play high notes

Answer 4

Dizzy Gillespie

Question 5

Bebop
Pianist and composer
Considered to be one of the few great bop composers, but this is controversial
played with splayed fingers

Answer 5

Thelonius Monk

Question 6

Bebop
COMPOSER, considered to be one of the most influential composers of the bop period
Many of his pieces because jazz standards
Number 5 on the listening list “house house” was composed by this person, performed by Dizzy Gillespie

Answer 6

Tad Dammeron

Question 7

Bebop
Drummer
Kept time in a different way, used the ride symbol (they have a “ting” to it). Started to keep his time on the symbol, used the bass drum for emphasis)

Answer 7

Kenny Clarke

Question 8

Drummer

will appear in multiple periods

Answer 8

Max Roach

Question 9

Bebop
Bass Player
Composer and Band Leader

Answer 9

Charles Mingus

Question 10

Bebop
Bass Player
Known as one of the masters of the walking bass style, where the bass player is “backing up” the soloist.

Answer 10

Ray Brown

Question 11

Bebop
Bass Player
Early master improviser

Answer 11

Oscar Pettiford

Question 12

Bebop Pianists (3)

Answer 12

Bud Powell (highly imitated style) 
George Sheraing (known for having a very light, clean touch) 
Oscar Peterson (used high and low notes)

Question 13

Bebop tenor saxophonists (4)

Answer 13

Charlie Parker (alto sax and tenor sax)
Dexter Gordon
Stan Getz
Sonny Stitt

Question 14

Bebop
Trumpet
Teacher of Clifford Brown

Answer 14

Fatz Navarro

Question 15

Bebop

Trombone

Answer 15

JJ Johnson

Question 16

Bebop big band, led by Woody Herman
Which song are they known for?
Which 4 band members?

Answer 16

Woody Herman’s Thundering Herd
“Four Brothers”
Stand Getz, Zoot Sims, Herbie Steward, Serge Chaloff

Question 17

Trumpet player
Falsely associated with being the very beginning of cool, but he emerged at the end of the bebop period.
What is his ablum title?

Answer 17

Miles Davis; “Birth of the cool”

Question 18

Emerged during the bebop period but took a liking to cool.

tenor saxophonist

Answer 18

Stan Getz

Question 19

Cool
Pianist/composer/band leader
Influenced Art Tatum (pianist) and Lester Young (saxophonist)
Played with “locked hands” (hands together or moving in the same fashion)
Used collective improvisation (more than one improviser playing at a given time)

Answer 19

Lennie Tristano

Question 20

Cool
Alto Saxophone
Featured in the Stan Kinton Orchestra

Answer 20

Lee Konitz

Question 21

“Birth of the Cool” was a collaboration between these two people.
Which 4 instruments unique to jazz were featured?

Answer 21

Miles Davis and Gil Evans

Tuba, bass clarinet, flute, french horn

Question 22

Cool
Band Leader
Entertaining seated audiences – music more consistent with a “Jazz Orchestra”

Answer 22

Stan Kenton

Question 23

Cool Trumpet players (4)

Answer 23

Chet Baker (vocalist and trumpet) 
Shorty Rogers (composer and arranger) 
Jack Sheldon (vocalist and trumpet) 
Art Farmer (Trumpet and flugel horn player)

Question 24

Cool saxophone players (4); which type of sax?

Answer 24

Art Pepper (Alto Sax): started with Kenton and became one of his best known improvisors
Jimmy Giuffre (Tenor Saxophone, Clarinet, and arranger) 
Paul Desmond (Alto sax) Featured member of the Dave Brubeck quartet 
Gerry Mulligan (Baritone Saxophone, Composer, and Arranger)

Question 25

Cool Tenor Saxophone, Clarinet, and Arranger Known for composing “Four Brothers”, which was performed by the Thundering Herd

Answer 25

Jimmy Giffre

Question 26

"Four Brothers": Composer, band, and who it featured.

Answer 26

Composer: Jimmy Giffre Band: Thundering Herd Featured: saxophone section

Question 27

Cool period drummers (2)

Answer 27

``` Chico Hamilton (worked with Stan Kenton, was one of the only African Americans in the band) Shelly Mane: played with both Herman and Kenton and became a session musician ```

Question 28

Cool | guitar

Answer 28

Jim Hall

Question 29

Cool period trombone players (3)

Answer 29

``` Carl Fontana (Considered by many as second only to J.J. Johnson) Frank Rosolino Bob Brookmeyer- Trombone, Arranger, and Composer (played the valve trombone) ```

Question 30

Cool Piano Player Leader of his own quartet Two albums: "Jazz goes to college" and "Time Out"

Answer 30

Dave Brubeck

Question 31

Bosa Nova Composer, also played the guitar and piano Collaborated with Stan Getz, Joao Gilbitto, and Astrud Gilbitto

Answer 31

Carlos Jobim

Question 32

Hard Bop Piano Players (4)

Answer 32

Tommy Flanagan (He was known for flowing solos and having a light touch on the piano. He was best known as a sideman and recorded with musicians such as Miles Davis, Sonny Rollins, and John Coltrane.) Horace Silver (Pianist, Composer, and Arranger. One of the most influential bandleaders of the Hard Bop Era. Was known for playing short, catchy phrases during his improvisations. He emphasized clarity rather than speed and agility. Most prolific composer of the hard bop period. ) Ahmad Jamal **** Cedar Walton

Question 33

Hard Bop Trumpet Players (3)

Answer 33

Clifford Brown (Was influenced and taught by trumpet player Fats Navarro. He is not widely known outside of Jazz circles, but is considered to be one the most talented trumpet players of our time, DIED VERY YOUNG IN A CAR ACCIDENT) Freddie Hubbard Lee Morgan (composer also, was influenced by Clifford Brown)

Question 34

Hard Bop Drummers (3)

Answer 34

Max Roach (He was known for collaborating with Clifford Brown during the Hard Bop Era. He also was a notable drummer during the Bebop era as well.) Art Blakey (considered to be one of the first true jazz educators because he would train younger generations of jazz musicians. He also founded a group called the Jazz Messengers with Horace Silver and led the band.) Philly Jo Jones (one of the most influential drummers because of his drumming style.)

Question 35

Hard Bop Saxophonists (6)

Answer 35

Cannonball Adderley: Considered to be the most influential Alto Saxophonist since Charlie Parker Sonny Rollins: Was one of the most popular Tenor Saxophonists of the 1950s and beyond. Composer and Band leader. Gene Ammons: Notable Tenor Saxophonist Benny Golson: Notable Tenor Saxophonist who started his career with the Jazz Messengers. Was also a widely respected composer, because many of his songs became jazz standards. John Coltrane: Notable Tenor Saxophonist and Composer Joe Henderson: Composer and notable Tenor Saxophonist. He was known for being a daring improviser and creating longer melodic phrases

Question 36

Hard Bop Trombonists (2)

Answer 36

JJ Johnson: style like Max Roach Curtis Fuller: Played with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers, imaginative improviser

Question 37

Hard Bop Guitarists (6)

Answer 37

Wes Montgomery: used his thumb instead of a guitar pick, Known as pioneer of octave technique Kenny Burrell: most recorded jazz guitarist ever, First recording made as sideman for Dizzy Gillespie Joe Pass Grant Green George Benson Pat Martino

Question 38

Hard Bop Big band leaders

Answer 38

Thad Jones (trumpet player, composer, band leader) Gerald Wilson (composer and trumpet player) Maynard Ferguson (only caucasian band leader)

Question 39

Hard Bop Organists

Answer 39

Jimmy Smith "Brother" Jack McDuff Jimmy McGriff

Question 40

Legendary trumpet player, band leader, sometimes composer

Answer 40

Miles Davis

Question 41

Noteworthy contributions of Davis (5)

Answer 41

1. Created an original trumpet style unlike his predecessors 2. His usage of space 3. Created a large body of recording 4. Collaboration with Gil Evans 5. Considered to be a pioneer of jazz fusion

Question 42

2 trademarks of Davis' style

Answer 42

1. Use of space | 2. Using a mute

Question 43

Tenor saxophone band leader, composer, improviser he was a transformative figure in jazz

Answer 43

John Coletrane