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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Volkish Ideology

A

Idea of Germany is much larger than just German State

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2
Q

Heimat/Homeland

A

Blood and Soil; Germans are closely tied to homeland

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3
Q

Romanticism

A

Focus on emotional experiences of the individual

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4
Q

Antimodernism

A

Something in the past that will glorify the present

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5
Q

Antisemitism

A

Anti-Jew

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6
Q

Racism

A

Believed to lead to degeneration of the German Race

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7
Q

Aryan Race

A

Origin: misinterpretation of texts in 19th century

Inequality of the Human Races; inbreeding brought down civilization

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8
Q

Social Darwinism

A

stronger societies will win over the weaker ones

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9
Q

Lebensraum

A

Living Space; Land expands German race, borders show nation’s health

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10
Q

Eugenics

A

Certain people have bad genes; only those who are fit should reproduce

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11
Q

Extremes of Volkish Thought

A

Race is the driving factor of human history

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12
Q

Cholera Epidemic

A

Government says they can’t do anything

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13
Q

Volkish thought on communism?

A

Volkish thinkers reject communism

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14
Q

Who did Volkish thought appeal to?

A

Losers of modern world, disappointed nationalists, and intellectuals, professors, students & antisemites

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15
Q

Gymnastics

A

Young man society, build manhood

Directed toward enemies (french and jews)

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16
Q

Wartburg Castle

A

Significant to Martin Luther

Book burning held for pro-french books

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17
Q

Fraternities (Bursenschaften)

A

Calling for German unification to fight against French, but liberal

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18
Q

1848 Revolution

A

Unified, Democratic & Constitutional Germany

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19
Q

Willibald Hentschel’s Mittgart

A

calls for 1k women and 100 men to have children and purify Germany; failed plan

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20
Q

Artamanen Society

A

Move East (towards Poland) and build a purified German Society

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21
Q

Bund der Landwirte

Peasants League

A

Political Pressure Group; like lobby groups that came together
Anti-semetic
Powerful lobby organization, 100+ Reichstag officials sign off

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22
Q

Pan-German League

A

Unified by blood- Volk = German Race
Influence falls off by WWI
smaller than Peasants League

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23
Q

Karl Lueger

A

Implemented social insurance/labor programs (unemployment, etc)

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24
Q

Perspective: Marginal Movement

A

membership is very small in social groups

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25
Perspective: Political Antisematism
Failure; many of social parties had Jews; Christian group and Conservative group had to join up
26
Volksgemeinschaft
Positive idea that Germany can be harmonic and inclusive
27
Religious Anti-Semitism
Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus Christ
28
Economic Anti-Semitism
Jews controleld money supply and hurt Germans economically
29
Racial Anti-Semitism
Jews had characteristics that could be stereotyped
30
Pre-Modern Anti-Semitism
Blood Libel- Jews supposedly used blood of Christian children to make bread Rhineland Massacres- Attempted to take Jerusalem from Christians, lead to massacre of jews and attempted conversions Expulsion- it was illegal to be Jewish; so many moved to Poland, where it was legal
31
Modern: Jewish Emancipation
Ended Jewish restrictions, could move from Ghettos into cities
32
Modern: Jewish Enlightenment
gained human rights and equality
33
Modern: Separation of Church and State
religion is no longer important in society
34
Modern: French Revolution
Jewish subjects became citizens
35
Jews in Russia: Pale of Settlement
Large emigration into USA of Jews
36
Jews in Russia: Pogroms
violence against Jewish community in various forms
37
Jews in Russia: Protocols of Elders of Zion
Influential reading of anti-semetic societies | Revealed plans of Jews taking over the world
38
Dreyfus Affair
Allegedly communicated French military secrets to Germany & falisfied documents
39
Hitler's View of WWI
war was forced on Germany, was punished too harshly
40
Holy Roman Empire
Loosely unified under an emperor
41
Charles V
1500's, caused a main division between Protestants and Catholics
42
Confederation of the Rhine
Napoleon taking land, creates Confederation of the Rhine, unification to fight French and take land towards Balkan
43
German Confederation
Informal Agreements turn into formal agreements for trade agreements instead of crossing many borders
44
North German Confederation
controleld by Prussia
45
Weimar Republic
after WWI, not strong state and not much support
46
Third Reich
Nazi Germany
47
Divided Germany
initial emergance of modern Germany, became divided into west/east
48
Sonderweg
Germans had a special path that led them to become what they are
49
German Industrialization
late, fast and thorough
50
Sonderweg Challenges
implies that Nazi Germany could have happened to any nation that becomes industrialized
51
Wars of German Unification
Danish War Austro Prussian War Franco Prussian War Unification in 1871
52
Deutsches Reich: Constitutions
Executive (Power) is divided between Chancellor, Cabinet and Emperor Legislative is divided between Reichstag, Bundesrat, and Prussian Franchise
53
Deutches Reich: Emperor
King of Prussia | commands army
54
Deutches Reich: Chancellor
Also Russian Prime Minister at the time, Otto von Bismarck 1871-1890
55
Deutches Reich: Cabinet
Chosen by Chancellor, no ministerial responisbility
56
Deutches Reich: Reichstag
Established universal male suffrage Can't initiate legislation Limited budget authority
57
Deutches Reich: Bundesrat
Appointed by states | Initiates legislation
58
Deutches Reich: Prussian Franchise
3 class voting system- determined by low, middle, and high income class
59
Deutches Reich: Result
No one questions authority Negative Integration- nation brought together by determining who doesn't belong Feudalized Bourgeoisie- Army reserve officer corps Rigid political system Social Imperialism
60
Trialism
Created 3rd monarchy, originally from Austrian empire
61
Trench Warfare
Goal: Kill as many people as possible | No one expected the casualties to get that bad
62
Hindenburg Program
Goal: Double weapons British Navy blockaded Germany Draft pulled individuals from everywhere
63
Revolution of 1917
Russian Civil War 1917-1924 | United States Declared war in 1917
64
1918 Armistice
Operation Michael- German's Last Attempt to save the war

Nazi (1 decks)

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