Midterm Flashcards
Bacteria and archea are the only organisms characterized as
Prokaryotic
Bacteria can be classified according to their
Type of cell walls, methods of obtaining energy, gram stain
When tested with gram stain, gram positive are…
Purple
Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles therefore they are classified as
Prokaryotes
One difference between human body cells and bacterial cells is that bacterial cells have
A cell wall made of peptidoglyn
Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell
Cell nuclei, multiple chromosomes, membrane bound organelles
Found In cytoplasm of bacterial cell
None of above
Bacterial cells
Have cell membrane and wall
E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes
DNA
Bacterial endpapers
Allow certain species to survive harsh conditions
Used at least by some bacteria for movement
Flagella
Conditions unsuitable for bacteria to grow
None of the above
Prokaryotes transfer pieces of genetic info by a process called
Conjugation
A pathogen is an agent that is
Harmful to living organisms
Food not a product of fermentation
Milk
Antibiotics
Include penicillin and tetracycline, prevent bacteria from making new cell walls, effective treatment for bacterial disease
Not habitat of archea
Human skin
Not a way of preventing food borne illness at home
Washing kitchen utinsils thouroughly in cold water
Viruses are considered non living because
Cannot: reproduce by themselves nor carry out metabolism
Not made up of cells
Study of viruses is part of biology bc
They are active inside living cells
Biologists know that viruses
Contain RNA or DNA In a protein or lipid coat
The capsid of a virus is the
Protective outer coat
All viruses have
None of the above
Tobacco mosaic virus
Able to be crystallized,causes disease in tobacco plants, smaller than bacterium.
Scientists first began to study viruses because
Couldn’t be seen but caused disease
Viruses that use reverse transcriptase…..called
Retrovirus
Contains RNA only
Viroid
Unlike viruses, prions
Composed only of protein
Typical virus consists of
A protein coat and a nucleus acid core
Viruses
Reproduce only in living cells
Animal viruses often infect only specific host cells because
The host cell must have specific receptors for proteins on the virus surface
Cephalization
Is characterized by the concentration of sensory and brain structures in the anterior end
Raidial symmetry?
Cnidarian
Symmetrical phyla doesn’t include
Sponges
Butterfly
Bilaterally symmetry
Lichens are important to the environment because
Contribute to soil
Industrial use of fungi
All above
Industrially important
All above
Not a good that requires fungi
Milk
Not a way fungi can harm humans
Transmitting viral disease
Fungi are important to an ecosystem as
Decomposers
A lichen
Consists of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner in a symbiotic relationship
Reproductive structures in which spores form
Sporangia
Group that has mold that grows on bread
Zygomycota
Zygosporangium allows a mold to
Remain dormant until conditions are favorable
Not true of ascomycetes
They form ascocarps during asexual reproduction
Mushrooms are in what phylum?
Basidiomycota
Mushrooms are examples of
Club fungi
Individual filaments that make up a mycelium are called
Hyphae
A hypha is a long string of cells that may be divided by
Septa
Fungi digests organic matter
Outside their cell walls
Fungi obtain nutrients by
Digesting organic matter externally before absorbing it
Fungi obtain energy
By absorbing digested nutrients
Fungi
All of the above
Chitin is found in fungi and in
The exoskeletons of insects
In which of the following enviornments would slime molds most likely exist?
On the floor of a forest
A mass of cytoplasm that can ooze around obstacles is most likely a
Slime mold
Euglena is an example of a protist that
Is both autotrophic and heterotrophic
The agal phylum most essential to the production of photosynthetic products and oxygen for Earths heterotrophs is the phylum
Phacophyta
Not a characteristic of the phylum chlorophyta
Only unicellular forms
Not a characteristic used to classify algae
Habitat
Although algae are relatively unspecialized, they may have structures specialized for
All of the above
Algae that is most like plants
Multicellular algae
Green algae and plants
All of the above
Algae are
Found in both fresh and salt water
Algae are
Autotrophic protist
Algal blooms are caused by
High nutrient concentrations
Not an environmental role of Protists
Protists form large amounts of cellulose
The earliest known group of living organisms on earth was
Bacteria
The process in which two paramecium come together after meiosis to exchange parts of their genetic material is
Conjugation
Paeudopodia are used for
Movement
All Protists
Have a true nucleus
Most successful at fighting viral disease
Vaccination and vector control
Aka -> both a and b
Not a vector of viral disease
Prions
Human activity that is most closely associated with the emergence of viruses not previously seen in humans
Clearing of forests for housing
Not viral disease of humans
Hep.
SARS
shingles
Answer: all of the above
Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
Antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not preform
In which cell cycles does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?
Lysogenic
