Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria and archea are the only organisms characterized as

A

Prokaryotic

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2
Q

Bacteria can be classified according to their

A

Type of cell walls, methods of obtaining energy, gram stain

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3
Q

When tested with gram stain, gram positive are…

A

Purple

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4
Q

Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles therefore they are classified as

A

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

One difference between human body cells and bacterial cells is that bacterial cells have

A

A cell wall made of peptidoglyn

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6
Q

Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell

A

Cell nuclei, multiple chromosomes, membrane bound organelles

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7
Q

Found In cytoplasm of bacterial cell

A

None of above

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8
Q

Bacterial cells

A

Have cell membrane and wall

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9
Q

E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes

A

DNA

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10
Q

Bacterial endpapers

A

Allow certain species to survive harsh conditions

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11
Q

Used at least by some bacteria for movement

A

Flagella

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12
Q

Conditions unsuitable for bacteria to grow

A

None of the above

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13
Q

Prokaryotes transfer pieces of genetic info by a process called

A

Conjugation

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14
Q

A pathogen is an agent that is

A

Harmful to living organisms

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15
Q

Food not a product of fermentation

A

Milk

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16
Q

Antibiotics

A

Include penicillin and tetracycline, prevent bacteria from making new cell walls, effective treatment for bacterial disease

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17
Q

Not habitat of archea

A

Human skin

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18
Q

Not a way of preventing food borne illness at home

A

Washing kitchen utinsils thouroughly in cold water

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19
Q

Viruses are considered non living because

A

Cannot: reproduce by themselves nor carry out metabolism

Not made up of cells

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20
Q

Study of viruses is part of biology bc

A

They are active inside living cells

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21
Q

Biologists know that viruses

A

Contain RNA or DNA In a protein or lipid coat

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22
Q

The capsid of a virus is the

A

Protective outer coat

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23
Q

All viruses have

A

None of the above

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24
Q

Tobacco mosaic virus

A

Able to be crystallized,causes disease in tobacco plants, smaller than bacterium.

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25
Q

Scientists first began to study viruses because

A

Couldn’t be seen but caused disease

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26
Q

Viruses that use reverse transcriptase…..called

A

Retrovirus

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27
Q

Contains RNA only

A

Viroid

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28
Q

Unlike viruses, prions

A

Composed only of protein

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29
Q

Typical virus consists of

A

A protein coat and a nucleus acid core

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30
Q

Viruses

A

Reproduce only in living cells

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31
Q

Animal viruses often infect only specific host cells because

A

The host cell must have specific receptors for proteins on the virus surface

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32
Q

Cephalization

A

Is characterized by the concentration of sensory and brain structures in the anterior end

33
Q

Raidial symmetry?

A

Cnidarian

34
Q

Symmetrical phyla doesn’t include

A

Sponges

35
Q

Butterfly

A

Bilaterally symmetry

36
Q

Lichens are important to the environment because

A

Contribute to soil

37
Q

Industrial use of fungi

A

All above

38
Q

Industrially important

A

All above

39
Q

Not a good that requires fungi

A

Milk

40
Q

Not a way fungi can harm humans

A

Transmitting viral disease

41
Q

Fungi are important to an ecosystem as

A

Decomposers

42
Q

A lichen

A

Consists of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner in a symbiotic relationship

43
Q

Reproductive structures in which spores form

A

Sporangia

44
Q

Group that has mold that grows on bread

A

Zygomycota

45
Q

Zygosporangium allows a mold to

A

Remain dormant until conditions are favorable

46
Q

Not true of ascomycetes

A

They form ascocarps during asexual reproduction

47
Q

Mushrooms are in what phylum?

A

Basidiomycota

48
Q

Mushrooms are examples of

A

Club fungi

49
Q

Individual filaments that make up a mycelium are called

A

Hyphae

50
Q

A hypha is a long string of cells that may be divided by

A

Septa

51
Q

Fungi digests organic matter

A

Outside their cell walls

52
Q

Fungi obtain nutrients by

A

Digesting organic matter externally before absorbing it

53
Q

Fungi obtain energy

A

By absorbing digested nutrients

54
Q

Fungi

A

All of the above

55
Q

Chitin is found in fungi and in

A

The exoskeletons of insects

56
Q

In which of the following enviornments would slime molds most likely exist?

A

On the floor of a forest

57
Q

A mass of cytoplasm that can ooze around obstacles is most likely a

A

Slime mold

58
Q

Euglena is an example of a protist that

A

Is both autotrophic and heterotrophic

59
Q

The agal phylum most essential to the production of photosynthetic products and oxygen for Earths heterotrophs is the phylum

A

Phacophyta

60
Q

Not a characteristic of the phylum chlorophyta

A

Only unicellular forms

61
Q

Not a characteristic used to classify algae

A

Habitat

62
Q

Although algae are relatively unspecialized, they may have structures specialized for

A

All of the above

63
Q

Algae that is most like plants

A

Multicellular algae

64
Q

Green algae and plants

A

All of the above

65
Q

Algae are

A

Found in both fresh and salt water

66
Q

Algae are

A

Autotrophic protist

67
Q

Algal blooms are caused by

A

High nutrient concentrations

68
Q

Not an environmental role of Protists

A

Protists form large amounts of cellulose

69
Q

The earliest known group of living organisms on earth was

A

Bacteria

70
Q

The process in which two paramecium come together after meiosis to exchange parts of their genetic material is

A

Conjugation

71
Q

Paeudopodia are used for

A

Movement

72
Q

All Protists

A

Have a true nucleus

73
Q

Most successful at fighting viral disease

A

Vaccination and vector control

Aka -> both a and b

74
Q

Not a vector of viral disease

A

Prions

75
Q

Human activity that is most closely associated with the emergence of viruses not previously seen in humans

A

Clearing of forests for housing

76
Q

Not viral disease of humans

A

Hep.
SARS
shingles
Answer: all of the above

77
Q

Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because

A

Antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not preform

78
Q

In which cell cycles does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?

A

Lysogenic