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Moral Theology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

some perspectives…

A

are wrong; i.e. killing is always wrong and killing is not always wrong can’t coexist but some circumstances for each

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2
Q

restrictions don’t…

A

lead to happiness; learn moral theology not through blunt rules

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3
Q

we should be concerned about relationships…

A

with others, God, and ourselves

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4
Q

shame vs. guilt

A

shame: subjective, personal, from within
guilt: objective, facts, true, outside oneself

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5
Q

Thomas Moore on good people

A

“Good people are made for bad times”; easier to make good choices when everything around you is bad

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6
Q

fascists, fanatics, fundamentalists

A

Nazis, ISIS, evangelical Christianity

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7
Q

times are never so bad…

A

that good people can’t live in it

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8
Q

Morality means

A

choice:
there are good and bad choices (consequences)
we recognize right and wrong (choice)

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9
Q

choice means

A

free will:
conditioned by past experiences
yet we question/rebel against idea of radical programming of all choices

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10
Q

distinction between (2)

A

brain/mind (self) and body/soul
intuitive for us to make distinction
we are more than just what the brain does

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11
Q

beliefs are not

A

opinions:

beliefs have basis in reason (not just opinion)

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12
Q

reason means there is

A

empirical proof

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13
Q

free will means

A

we have souls:

have free will/ this is me making choices

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14
Q

does morality matter and what do we do

A 
Yes:
freedom to decide:
we try to live well
we try to live badly
we decide that trying is too difficult
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15
Q

death

A

unavoidable/ time keeps going forward

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16
Q

moral absolutes

A

there is a right and wrong

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17
Q

morality is somewhat

A

subjective; religion is transcending

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18
Q

when you see something wrong

A

say something; moral obligation

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19
Q

we are moral wimps

A 
we misunderstand compassion:
judging persons (how a person is) vs actions (when a person does good/bad things)
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20
Q

are some things always wrong?

A

yes (moral absolutes; objective):
(torture)
cheating, lying (even if justifiable), murder, stealing

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21
Q

murder

A

intentional killing of innocent

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22
Q

difference between lying and

A

withholding truth; lying is a deliberate falsehood

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23
Q

moral lawgiver

A

God

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24
Q

to be morally good

A

must be good in:
object
intention
circumstance

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25
intention
subjective motive
26
evil
absence of good
27
emphasizing object
legalism
28
emphasizing intention
subjectivism/relativism
29
emphasizing circumstances
situation ethics/ consequentialism
30
relativism
each person's morality is unique to them; relativist is absolute about their relativism
31
relativism is not absolute...
self-contradiction on the absolute nature of relativism: classroom ex: unfair (objectively)
32
is it necessary to have a relationship with God to be morally good?
civilization requires morality morality requires a rel w/God civ requires a rel w/God
33
reasons for not needing rel w/God to be morally good
we can know effects w/out knowing cause; | can know morality w/out knowing moral lawgiver
34
other sources of being morally good
scripture (natural law) observation philosophical (reason w/out appealing to religion)
35
to know and to choose
intellect and will
36
what is the greatest good
happiness
37
why believe in God if you can be moral without believing?
it's true God deserves it it makes life easier
38
Why is: what is the meaning of life/greatest good, a good question?
basic: 1st moral q ultimate: leads to final end universal: affects everything practical *provide motive for being, not just immediate feeling of happiness
39
9 potential answers to greatest good
pleasure (not distinctly human) money (means rather than an end) health (not distinctly human) honor (based on others' perceptions) power (means, not end) ---------------------------------- peace (contentment/peace of mind; result of an end) altruism (helping others) virtue -------------------------------------------------- wisdom (knowledge of truth; not same as doing good/ knowing end does not mean attaining end)
40
what is the meaning of life
``` God: creator source of goodness moral lawgiver omnipotent ```
41
God is meaning of life arguments
from desire: fulfillment is God from cause: eventually reach an uncaused cause from purpose: final end is God
42
Pascal's wager
God exists and I believe: eternal happiness God exists and I don't believe: eternal suffering God doesn't exist and I believe: meaningful,purposeful life God doesn't exist and I don't believe: shallow,superficial, meaningless life
43
Bible
collection of books over long period of time
44
Revelation
what God has revealed to us: scripture: written by people inspired by God Tradition: came first; lived exp. of rel. w/Jesus Church: Magisterium
45
2 problems with the bible
bible has all answers to moral questions bible has nothing to say about morality; must look at themes
46
themes in old testament
God's word and call (gn 12) the covenant and law (gn, dt, torah) 10 commandments (exodus 19-20) the prophets (jer 31) : think about rel (not doing enough) wisdom lit (prov, psalms): not historical but stories with morals
47
the covenant
``` not contract(exchange goods/money) but a solemn agreement of love and fidelity (marriage) ```
48
10 commandments
``` from slavery in Egypt; on mt. sinai treasured possession Moses on mt for 40 days meanwhile people worshipping golden calf baseline of morality 1-3 God, 4-10 others ```
49
New testament themes
Jesus' teaching: kingdom of God Call to conversion and repentance (mt 5-7): call to do better Sermon on the Mount Great Commandment of Love (Mk 12): love God and others Demands of Discipleship (Mk 8-34)
50
kingdom of God
here and now, not just heaven; reality of God's power and authority among us
51
Sermon on the mount
the New Law; long relationship, don't understand God's rel. God comes down as human through Jesus lead to happiness (fulfill the will of God)
52
Demands of discipleship
paradox of Christian living; | must die to live
53
Church in the NT
Holy Spirit | Community: how my indiv. actions make me good/bad member
54
Paschal Mystery
suffering, death, resurrection of Christ | Concept we can't fully understand
55
Imitation of Christ
martyrdom: "witness" for Christ killed because of taith flocked to Christianity some pursued martyrdom virginity(celibacy): "white" or bloodless martyrdom monks: alone in desert lead to monasteries where monks are spiritual leaders
56
Age of the Fathers
100-700 AD time of Apostles post-apostolic: trace line of teachings: apostolic succession
57
3 trends/issues from past that are relevant today
treatment of poor concern of rel. freedom immorality of pop culture
58
Reconciliation
forgiveness of sins | before just at Baptism as one time
59
Baptism
washed clean of sin; begin new life in Christ; put on Christ into Christ's death and resurrection concupiscence; many baptized on death bed to not mess it up
60
concupiscence
tendency to sin even after baptism
61
Magisterium
teaching authority of Church
62
Revelation and reconc.
in scriptures: confess your sins and God will forgive
63
Middle Ages
700-1500 | Ireland
64
Confession
Mid Ages private penitentials, focus on legalism and no focus on personal growth/holiness
65
penitentials
giant collection of sins
66
Rise of University
``` Mid ages philosophy (req) theology science law ```
67
University in general
systematization of thought
68
Aquinas and following God
Nominalism: arbitrariness (after Bubonic Plague) | because he is God and he said so
69
1500-1800
Renaissance, reformation and counter reformation
70
Reformation
``` 16th century: Martin Luther (Protestant) ```
71
Council of Trent
``` 1545-1563 seminary Catechism manuals: big book of sins Penitentials 2.0: not breaking rules morality Protestants as heretics ```
72
Enlightenment
``` modern age sci method - modern tech modern democratic systems best manifestation of the 2nd vatican council 1963-1965 doctrine/morals ```
73
Who are you
made in image and likeness of God
74
Christian antropology
study of humanity; | what does Christianity reveal about being human
75
Reason of Creation
God made us in his image intellect/will (love) made for relationships Trinity
76
Trinity
3 persons in 1 God: F/S/HS
77
Holy Spirit
personified love of father and son
78
person
who someone is
79
nature
what it is
80
God is...
divine, omnipotent, limitless, all-loving | images, ideas, logos
81
God's self-image
complete image/lacks nothing | is another person
82
Reason of Redemption
``` The Fall: original sin justice God-man incarnate Jesus of Nazareth Resurrection -love ```
83
original sin
fundamental act of disobedience
84
paradox
apparent contradiction; not actual
85
fallen and redeemed
God saves us Catholic: new creation in Christ through Baptism and forgiveness mainstrea Protestant: blood of Jesus, covers your sins
86
Body and soul/spirit
``` embodied soul ensouled body a body without soul is dead a soul without a body is someone gone to heaven incomplete without both resurrection of body ```
87
spiritual beings
God, angels, human beings
88
things with souls
humans, animals, flowers
89
bodily things
humans, animals, plants, rocks
90
hierarchy of things
God angels humans, animals, plants, rocks
91
immortal vs mortal souls
spirit; souls (cease to exist)
92
time and eternity
successive, chronological moments in time God doesn't exist in time (creation of God) God exists in eternity (forever but timelessness)
93
unique and social
created with a purpose | made to be in relationships
94
externally predestined/radically free
God already knows your choices doesn't take away choices John Calvin: some people predestined for heaven (mercy) some for hell (justice)
95
paradoxes of what makes us human
``` fallen and redeemed body and soul time and eternity unique and social externally predestined yet radically free ```
96
how we understand ourselves as himan
influences our moral choices
97
dif btw saying prayers vs actually praying
sending call/voicemail | vs talking about day
98
Anthropology - who am i
redemption (made in image of God, but broken)
99
conversion
once in a lifetime event | ongoing process
100
conversion in Early Church
full process then intellectual process 20th c Rise of Christian Initiation for Adults
101
4 types of conversion
religious: attitude towards God; sense of joy/falling in love intellectual: your God is too small (insufficient images) affective: Mother Theresa (desire for generosity) moral conversion: if i have a rel with God it should reflect how I treat people
102
discipleship
live by discipline; not success faith/hope/love gifts through grace infused virtues (Aquinas)
103
theological virtues
faith hope love
104
faith
whole trust Abraham: called by God at 90 yrs old; Mary total surrender to mystery we can't fully understand synthesis of conviction, trust, commitment seek truth, trust Christian community, share with others
105
hope
faith in faith confidence that God's promises are true God is in charge
106
love
epithemia - lust philia - familial eros - longing towards passion, sufferin agape - self-sacrificing love; take care of u more than i take care of myself
107
sins against faith
``` doubt non-sinful creative doubt to improve rel sinful abdicate responsibility sinful lack of doubt atheism, agnosticism, superstition, repudiation of belief ```
108
atheism
intellectual disbelief in God
109
agnosticism
conscious lack of desire for faith; don't know don't care
110
superstition
recognition of other power that influences life (not God
111
repudiation of belief
heretic, apostate, schismatic
112
heretic
teaching something as Christian faith that's not true
113
apostate
apostasy | baptized Christian but leaves for dif tradition
114
schismatic
schism | baptized Christian but doesn't accept authority of Rome as a Church (protestant)
115
transformation of life
death
116
Christianity is the
truth
117
catholic teaching
role of Church as divine institution about 2000 yrs consistency (development of doctrine, doctrine vs dogma (no discussion))
118
Theology
intellectual
119
sins against hope
presumption of god's mercy | despair: nothing I do will make me worthy
120
sins agains love
every sin is against love | seek good of ourselves instead of others
121
prayer
communication w God | conform ourselves to will of God
122
Jesus/WWJD
principle to guide my actions
123
law is rules
law of christ morality is not about rules formed in Jesus
124
natural law
rational participation in eternal law physical: sci order moral: true order to universe
125
eternal law
God's law in God himself
126
divine law
revelation scriptures Life of church (theological tradition)
127
positive law
civil law gov's authority to enforce law (ultimately from God) laws reflect eternal law of God just laws
128
hierarchy of laws
eternal law - natural law and divine law - positive law from natural law
129
morally obligated to
follow your conscience
130
conscience is
the life of chrisst operative within us
131
conscience is not
superego pure feelings pure rationality outside ourselves
132
synderesis
do good, avoid evil | moral knowledge: speculative (abstract, data) evaluative (experience)
133
syneidesis
``` making moral judgments in a particular situation proximate norm examine ALL facts damage rel with God? ```
134
Formation of Conscience
adopt values of Christian community (stories) formation of Christian worldview episcopal magisterium is normative spiritual discernment
135
formation of Christian worldview
scripture | christian history - saints
136
episcopal magisterium is normative
bishops (succession of apostles) | teaching authority of Church
137
spiritual discernment
spiritual director | examination of conscience
138
Human act
moral in | object, intention, circumstance
139
virtue
conscious choice | act well and makes it easier to continue acting well
140
Virtue by Augustine, Aristotle, Aquinas
augustine: ability to act well and avoid acting badly aristotle: mean between 2 extremes aquinas: habitus - always involves will (habits)
141
habits
lack will
142
cardinal/ acquired virtues
temperence/self-control fortitude/courage justice/to give what is due to someone prudence/to know what to do
143
moral development
struggle growing proficiency mastery works for virtue and vice: improve in 1, improve in others
144
Vice
``` sin (failure to live up to moral resp.) rejection of Christ breaking covenant radical selfishness crazy (believe ok/justify) ```
145
path of vice
original sin baptism concupiscence actual sin
146
types of actual sin
mortal sin,venial sin
147
mortal sin
kills rel with god grave matter sufficient knowledge full consent of will
148
venial sin
damages our rel | leads us to mortal sin
149
path of who am i
``` who am i redemption conversion discipleship, fhl conscience acts (virtue , sin) ```
150
Principle of Double effect (good and evil conseq)
the act is good in object the evil end not intended the good end is not brought about by evil end the proportionate good to be hained is greater than potential evil to be endured
151
principle of totality
we can injure a part deliberately to restore functioning of the whole

Moral Theology (1 decks)

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