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Moral Theology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

some perspectives…

A

are wrong; i.e. killing is always wrong and killing is not always wrong can’t coexist but some circumstances for each

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2
Q

restrictions don’t…

A

lead to happiness; learn moral theology not through blunt rules

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3
Q

we should be concerned about relationships…

A

with others, God, and ourselves

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4
Q

shame vs. guilt

A

shame: subjective, personal, from within
guilt: objective, facts, true, outside oneself

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5
Q

Thomas Moore on good people

A

“Good people are made for bad times”; easier to make good choices when everything around you is bad

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6
Q

fascists, fanatics, fundamentalists

A

Nazis, ISIS, evangelical Christianity

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7
Q

times are never so bad…

A

that good people can’t live in it

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8
Q

Morality means

A

choice:
there are good and bad choices (consequences)
we recognize right and wrong (choice)

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9
Q

choice means

A

free will:
conditioned by past experiences
yet we question/rebel against idea of radical programming of all choices

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10
Q

distinction between (2)

A

brain/mind (self) and body/soul
intuitive for us to make distinction
we are more than just what the brain does

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11
Q

beliefs are not

A

opinions:

beliefs have basis in reason (not just opinion)

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12
Q

reason means there is

A

empirical proof

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13
Q

free will means

A

we have souls:

have free will/ this is me making choices

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14
Q

does morality matter and what do we do

A 
Yes:
freedom to decide:
we try to live well
we try to live badly
we decide that trying is too difficult
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15
Q

death

A

unavoidable/ time keeps going forward

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16
Q

moral absolutes

A

there is a right and wrong

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17
Q

morality is somewhat

A

subjective; religion is transcending

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18
Q

when you see something wrong

A

say something; moral obligation

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19
Q

we are moral wimps

A 
we misunderstand compassion:
judging persons (how a person is) vs actions (when a person does good/bad things)
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20
Q

are some things always wrong?

A

yes (moral absolutes; objective):
(torture)
cheating, lying (even if justifiable), murder, stealing

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21
Q

murder

A

intentional killing of innocent

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22
Q

difference between lying and

A

withholding truth; lying is a deliberate falsehood

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23
Q

moral lawgiver

A

God

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24
Q

to be morally good

A

must be good in:
object
intention
circumstance

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25
Q

intention

A

subjective motive

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26
Q

evil

A

absence of good

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27
Q

emphasizing object

A

legalism

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28
Q

emphasizing intention

A

subjectivism/relativism

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29
Q

emphasizing circumstances

A

situation ethics/ consequentialism

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30
Q

relativism

A

each person’s morality is unique to them; relativist is absolute about their relativism

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31
Q

relativism is not absolute…

A

self-contradiction on the absolute nature of relativism:
classroom ex:
unfair (objectively)

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32
Q

is it necessary to have a relationship with God to be morally good?

A

civilization requires morality
morality requires a rel w/God
civ requires a rel w/God

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33
Q

reasons for not needing rel w/God to be morally good

A

we can know effects w/out knowing cause;

can know morality w/out knowing moral lawgiver

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34
Q

other sources of being morally good

A

scripture (natural law)
observation
philosophical (reason w/out appealing to religion)

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35
Q

to know and to choose

A

intellect and will

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36
Q

what is the greatest good

A

happiness

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37
Q

why believe in God if you can be moral without believing?

A

it’s true
God deserves it
it makes life easier

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38
Q

Why is: what is the meaning of life/greatest good, a good question?

A

basic: 1st moral q
ultimate: leads to final end
universal: affects everything
practical
*provide motive for being, not just immediate feeling of happiness

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39
Q

9 potential answers to greatest good

A

pleasure (not distinctly human)
money (means rather than an end)
health (not distinctly human)
honor (based on others’ perceptions)
power (means, not end)
———————————-
peace (contentment/peace of mind; result of an end)
altruism (helping others)
virtue
————————————————–
wisdom (knowledge of truth; not same as doing good/ knowing end does not mean attaining end)

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40
Q

what is the meaning of life

A 
God:
creator
source of goodness
moral lawgiver
omnipotent
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41
Q

God is meaning of life arguments

A

from desire: fulfillment is God
from cause: eventually reach an uncaused cause
from purpose: final end is God

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42
Q

Pascal’s wager

A

God exists and I believe: eternal happiness
God exists and I don’t believe: eternal suffering
God doesn’t exist and I believe: meaningful,purposeful life
God doesn’t exist and I don’t believe: shallow,superficial, meaningless life

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43
Q

Bible

A

collection of books over long period of time

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44
Q

Revelation

A

what God has revealed to us:
scripture: written by people inspired by God
Tradition: came first; lived exp. of rel. w/Jesus
Church: Magisterium

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45
Q

2 problems with the bible

A

bible has all answers to moral questions
bible has nothing to say about morality;
must look at themes

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46
Q

themes in old testament

A

God’s word and call (gn 12)
the covenant and law (gn, dt, torah)
10 commandments (exodus 19-20)
the prophets (jer 31) : think about rel (not doing enough)
wisdom lit (prov, psalms): not historical but stories with morals

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47
Q

the covenant

A 
not contract(exchange goods/money) 
but a solemn agreement of love and fidelity (marriage)
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48
Q

10 commandments

A 
from slavery in Egypt; on mt. sinai
treasured possession
Moses on mt for 40 days meanwhile people worshipping golden calf
baseline of morality
1-3 God, 4-10 others
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49
Q

New testament themes

A

Jesus’ teaching:
kingdom of God
Call to conversion and repentance (mt 5-7): call to do better
Sermon on the Mount
Great Commandment of Love (Mk 12): love God and others
Demands of Discipleship (Mk 8-34)

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50
Q

kingdom of God

A

here and now, not just heaven; reality of God’s power and authority among us

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51
Q

Sermon on the mount

A

the New Law;
long relationship, don’t understand God’s rel.
God comes down as human through Jesus
lead to happiness (fulfill the will of God)

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52
Q

Demands of discipleship

A

paradox of Christian living;

must die to live

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53
Q

Church in the NT

A

Holy Spirit

Community: how my indiv. actions make me good/bad member

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54
Q

Paschal Mystery

A

suffering, death, resurrection of Christ

Concept we can’t fully understand

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55
Q

Imitation of Christ

A

martyrdom: “witness” for Christ
killed because of taith
flocked to Christianity
some pursued martyrdom

virginity(celibacy): “white” or bloodless martyrdom
monks: alone in desert lead to monasteries where monks are spiritual leaders

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56
Q

Age of the Fathers

A

100-700 AD
time of Apostles
post-apostolic: trace line of teachings: apostolic succession

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57
Q

3 trends/issues from past that are relevant today

A

treatment of poor
concern of rel. freedom
immorality of pop culture

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58
Q

Reconciliation

A

forgiveness of sins

before just at Baptism as one time

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59
Q

Baptism

A

washed clean of sin; begin new life in Christ; put on Christ into Christ’s death and resurrection
concupiscence;
many baptized on death bed to not mess it up

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60
Q

concupiscence

A

tendency to sin even after baptism

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61
Q

Magisterium

A

teaching authority of Church

62
Q

Revelation and reconc.

A

in scriptures: confess your sins and God will forgive

63
Q

Middle Ages

A

700-1500

Ireland

64
Q

Confession

A

Mid Ages
private
penitentials, focus on legalism and no focus on personal growth/holiness

65
Q

penitentials

A

giant collection of sins

66
Q

Rise of University

A 
Mid ages
philosophy (req)
theology
science
law
67
Q

University in general

A

systematization of thought

68
Q

Aquinas and following God

A

Nominalism: arbitrariness (after Bubonic Plague)

because he is God and he said so

69
Q

1500-1800

A

Renaissance, reformation and counter reformation

70
Q

Reformation

A 
16th century: 
Martin Luther (Protestant)
71
Q

Council of Trent

A 
1545-1563
seminary
Catechism
manuals: big book of sins Penitentials 2.0: not breaking rules morality
Protestants as heretics
72
Q

Enlightenment

A 
modern age
sci method - modern tech
modern democratic systems
best manifestation of the 2nd vatican council 1963-1965
doctrine/morals
73
Q

Who are you

A

made in image and likeness of God

74
Q

Christian antropology

A

study of humanity;

what does Christianity reveal about being human

75
Q

Reason of Creation

A

God made us in his image
intellect/will (love)
made for relationships
Trinity

76
Q

Trinity

A

3 persons in 1 God: F/S/HS

77
Q

Holy Spirit

A

personified love of father and son

78
Q

person

A

who someone is

79
Q

nature

A

what it is

80
Q

God is…

A

divine, omnipotent, limitless, all-loving

images, ideas, logos

81
Q

God’s self-image

A

complete image/lacks nothing

is another person

82
Q

Reason of Redemption

A 
The Fall: original sin
justice
God-man
incarnate Jesus of Nazareth
Resurrection -love
83
Q

original sin

A

fundamental act of disobedience

84
Q

paradox

A

apparent contradiction; not actual

85
Q

fallen and redeemed

A

God saves us
Catholic: new creation in Christ through Baptism and forgiveness
mainstrea Protestant: blood of Jesus, covers your sins

86
Q

Body and soul/spirit

A 
embodied soul
ensouled body
a body without soul is dead
a soul without a body is someone gone to heaven
incomplete without both
resurrection of body
87
Q

spiritual beings

A

God, angels, human beings

88
Q

things with souls

A

humans, animals, flowers

89
Q

bodily things

A

humans, animals, plants, rocks

90
Q

hierarchy of things

A

God angels humans, animals, plants, rocks

91
Q

immortal vs mortal souls

A

spirit; souls (cease to exist)

92
Q

time and eternity

A

successive, chronological moments in time
God doesn’t exist in time (creation of God)
God exists in eternity (forever but timelessness)

93
Q

unique and social

A

created with a purpose

made to be in relationships

94
Q

externally predestined/radically free

A

God already knows your choices
doesn’t take away choices
John Calvin: some people predestined for heaven (mercy) some for hell (justice)

95
Q

paradoxes of what makes us human

A 
fallen and redeemed
body and soul
time and eternity
unique and social
externally predestined yet radically free
96
Q

how we understand ourselves as himan

A

influences our moral choices

97
Q

dif btw saying prayers vs actually praying

A

sending call/voicemail

vs talking about day

98
Q

Anthropology - who am i

A

redemption (made in image of God, but broken)

99
Q

conversion

A

once in a lifetime event

ongoing process

100
Q

conversion in Early Church

A

full process
then intellectual process
20th c Rise of Christian Initiation for Adults

101
Q

4 types of conversion

A

religious: attitude towards God; sense of joy/falling in love
intellectual: your God is too small (insufficient images)
affective: Mother Theresa (desire for generosity)
moral conversion: if i have a rel with God it should reflect how I treat people

102
Q

discipleship

A

live by discipline; not success
faith/hope/love
gifts through grace
infused virtues (Aquinas)

103
Q

theological virtues

A

faith hope love

104
Q

faith

A

whole trust
Abraham: called by God at 90 yrs old; Mary
total surrender to mystery we can’t fully understand
synthesis of conviction, trust, commitment
seek truth, trust Christian community, share with others

105
Q

hope

A

faith in faith
confidence that God’s promises are true
God is in charge

106
Q

love

A

epithemia - lust
philia - familial
eros - longing towards passion, sufferin
agape - self-sacrificing love; take care of u more than i take care of myself

107
Q

sins against faith

A 
doubt
non-sinful creative doubt to improve rel
sinful abdicate responsibility
sinful lack of doubt
atheism, agnosticism, superstition, repudiation of belief
108
Q

atheism

A

intellectual disbelief in God

109
Q

agnosticism

A

conscious lack of desire for faith; don’t know don’t care

110
Q

superstition

A

recognition of other power that influences life (not God

111
Q

repudiation of belief

A

heretic, apostate, schismatic

112
Q

heretic

A

teaching something as Christian faith that’s not true

113
Q

apostate

A

apostasy

baptized Christian but leaves for dif tradition

114
Q

schismatic

A

schism

baptized Christian but doesn’t accept authority of Rome as a Church (protestant)

115
Q

transformation of life

A

death

116
Q

Christianity is the

A

truth

117
Q

catholic teaching

A

role of Church as divine institution
about 2000 yrs
consistency
(development of doctrine, doctrine vs dogma (no discussion))

118
Q

Theology

A

intellectual

119
Q

sins against hope

A

presumption of god’s mercy

despair: nothing I do will make me worthy

120
Q

sins agains love

A

every sin is against love

seek good of ourselves instead of others

121
Q

prayer

A

communication w God

conform ourselves to will of God

122
Q

Jesus/WWJD

A

principle to guide my actions

123
Q

law is rules

A

law of christ
morality is not about rules
formed in Jesus

124
Q

natural law

A

rational participation in eternal law

physical: sci order
moral: true order to universe

125
Q

eternal law

A

God’s law in God himself

126
Q

divine law

A

revelation
scriptures
Life of church (theological tradition)

127
Q

positive law

A

civil law
gov’s authority to enforce law (ultimately from God)
laws reflect eternal law of God
just laws

128
Q

hierarchy of laws

A

eternal law - natural law and divine law - positive law from natural law

129
Q

morally obligated to

A

follow your conscience

130
Q

conscience is

A

the life of chrisst operative within us

131
Q

conscience is not

A

superego
pure feelings
pure rationality
outside ourselves

132
Q

synderesis

A

do good, avoid evil

moral knowledge: speculative (abstract, data) evaluative (experience)

133
Q

syneidesis

A 
making moral judgments
in a particular situation
proximate norm
examine ALL facts
damage rel with God?
134
Q

Formation of Conscience

A

adopt values of Christian community (stories)
formation of Christian worldview
episcopal magisterium is normative
spiritual discernment

135
Q

formation of Christian worldview

A

scripture

christian history - saints

136
Q

episcopal magisterium is normative

A

bishops (succession of apostles)

teaching authority of Church

137
Q

spiritual discernment

A

spiritual director

examination of conscience

138
Q

Human act

A

moral in

object, intention, circumstance

139
Q

virtue

A

conscious choice

act well and makes it easier to continue acting well

140
Q

Virtue by Augustine, Aristotle, Aquinas

A

augustine: ability to act well and avoid acting badly
aristotle: mean between 2 extremes
aquinas: habitus - always involves will (habits)

141
Q

habits

A

lack will

142
Q

cardinal/ acquired virtues

A

temperence/self-control
fortitude/courage
justice/to give what is due to someone
prudence/to know what to do

143
Q

moral development

A

struggle
growing proficiency
mastery
works for virtue and vice: improve in 1, improve in others

144
Q

Vice

A 
sin (failure to live up to moral resp.)
rejection of Christ
breaking covenant
radical selfishness
crazy (believe ok/justify)
145
Q

path of vice

A

original sin
baptism
concupiscence
actual sin

146
Q

types of actual sin

A

mortal sin,venial sin

147
Q

mortal sin

A

kills rel with god
grave matter
sufficient knowledge
full consent of will

148
Q

venial sin

A

damages our rel

leads us to mortal sin

149
Q

path of who am i

A 
who am i 
redemption
conversion
discipleship, fhl
conscience
acts (virtue , sin)
150
Q

Principle of Double effect (good and evil conseq)

A

the act is good in object
the evil end not intended
the good end is not brought about by evil end
the proportionate good to be hained is greater than potential evil to be endured

151
Q

principle of totality

A

we can injure a part deliberately to restore functioning of the whole

Moral Theology (1 decks)

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