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Env. Crime > Midterm! > Flashcards

Midterm! Flashcards

1
Q

The study of environmental harms, environmental laws, and environmental regulation

A

Green Criminology

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2
Q

When was the EPA established?

A

1970

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3
Q

Environmental harms that are deemed to be illegal according to the law. Including acts and omissions

A

Environmental Crime

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4
Q

Agreements directly enforceable by a national or international body

A

Hard International Law

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5
Q

Guidelines, agreements or principles that are meant to influence individual nations to respect certain norms of incorporate them into national law

A

Soft International Law

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6
Q

A form of corporate self regulation that has been integrated into a corporate business model

A

Corporate Social Responsibility

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7
Q

How humans have been impacted by nature

A

Environmental Justice

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8
Q

How the entire ecosystem has been impacted by nature

A

Ecological Justice

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9
Q

How non human species have been impacted by nature

A

Species Justice

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10
Q

What is the population of the United States?

A

318 million

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11
Q

What is the World Population

A

7.1 billion

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12
Q

Complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets. Can be made up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles.

A

Particle Pollutants

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13
Q

Why are particle pollutants especially bad?

A

particles that are 10 micrometers in diameter or smaller because those are the particles that generally pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects

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14
Q

What are some effects of pollutants?

A

premature death in people with heart or lung disease,
nonfatal heart attacks,
irregular heartbeat,
aggravated asthma,
decreased lung function, and
increased respiratory symptoms, such as irritation of the airways, coughing or difficulty breathing.

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15
Q

The act of attempting to influence business and government leaders to create legislation or conduct a activity that will help a particular organization.

A

Lobbying

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16
Q

How we are contributing to water pollution…

A

When water from rain and melting snow runs off roofs and roads into our rivers, it picks up toxic chemicals, dirt, trash and disease-carrying organisms along the way

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17
Q

Effects of drinking polluted water

A

Rashes
Stomach or liver illness
Respiratory problems
Neurological affects, death.

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18
Q

What water pollutant can cause infants to die if taken to high of concentration?

A

Nitrogen, which is commonly found in fertilizers

19
Q

Even small amounts of this in the body can have effects. Furthermore, children under the age of 6 are especially vulnerable to this.

A

Lead poisoning

20
Q

Seeking to influence (a politician or public official) on an issue though money, trips, or other gifts.

A

Lobbying

21
Q

Marketing that is deceptively used to promote the perception that an organization’s products, aims or policies are environmentally friendly.

A

Greenwashing

22
Q

What is the ECS?

A

Environmental Compliance Services

23
Q

Designed only to be used for a period of time, then is built to break.

A

Planned Obsolescense

24
Q

Up until the 19__s the United States used lead based building materials

A

1970’s

25
Q

Kids with high levels of lead exposure have high rates of…

A

ADD, Aggression, Low IQ’s, and Delinquency

26
Q

When did the modern environment movement start?

A

With the release of “silent Spring” by Rachel Carson

27
Q

When was the clean air act established?

A

1970

28
Q

When was the clean water act established

A

1972

29
Q

When was the first felony for an environmental infraction/?

A

1980

30
Q

In the case of the Okinawa Dugong what Act was the DOD is violation of?

A

National Historic Preservation Act

31
Q

example of hard international law…

A

Kyoto protocol

32
Q

example of soft international law…

A

stockholm conference

33
Q

Primary green crime means that…

A

The environment itself is damaged

34
Q

Secondary green crime means…

A

The environment is not directly effected (ex: smuggle hazardous waste).

35
Q

The collective, or political processes through which public economic (& legislative) decisions are made.

A

Political Economy

36
Q

Smaller fish eating microbeads, and than bigger fish eating the smaller fish is an example of…

A

bioaccumulation

37
Q

Why is it a concern when corporate interests impact the environment?

A

Because human health is sacrificed in the process

38
Q

About how much is spent annually on lobbying in the United States?

A

19 billion

39
Q

Advertising does more than sells a product, it also creates an ______ for the company

A

Image

40
Q

T/F Companies that are creating a “green” image are also reconstructing their environmental impact…(most of the time)

A

False, most companies will paint themselves green, while at the same time do nothing about their environmental impact

41
Q

What was wrong with the old corporate self policing policies?

A

Companies that reported on themselves would also be fined. This led to little reporting. And was fixed by not always fining companies who report themselves

42
Q

When was the EPA’s self policing policy implemented?

A

1995

43
Q

How much of the Gravity component of a fine gets removed if you self report a violation to the EPA?

A

75-100%

44
Q

The main reason environmental international law needs was put into effect was…

A

pollution is transboundary

Env. Crime (1 decks)

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