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West and the World > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Christopher Columbus hoped to

A

Convert the Native peoples to Christianity

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2
Q

The Aztec Altepetl was able to expand because of

A

All of the above; Surplus food, Increase in population, Conquest

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3
Q

Within a hundred years of Christopher Columbus’ first voyage, millions of Amerindians had died mainly from

A

Disease

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4
Q

Describe the reasons for slavery in the 1400’s OR why the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs succeeded

A

The reason for slavery was that the Europeans saw it as a Christian act and they could teach them about Christianity and convert them so that the would be saved. They also had land that needed to be cropped which is the reason they enslaved.

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5
Q

One of the reasons that the Chinese did not have overseas empire was

A

They did not colonize

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6
Q

Christopher Columbus was from

A

Italy

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7
Q

Which of the following was not influential in the Renaissance?

A

Industrialization

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8
Q

The correct rulers were determined by

A

Combat

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9
Q

Define the Columbian Exchange and give at least 2 examples.

A

The Columbian exchange is all the plants, animals, goods, and diseases that crossed the Atlantic, and sometimes the Pacific, after 1942. 2 examples would be horses and smallpox.

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10
Q

During this period, the largest movement of people came from

A

Atlantic slave trade

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11
Q

The Portuguese achieved trade by

A

Force

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12
Q

Who was at the forefront of early modern capitalism

A

The Dutch`

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13
Q

What is your reaction to Luther’s comments on the peasants and the Jews? Does it change your opinion of him? Why or why not?

A

His views and focus on getting others to become a Christian did not surprise me. That is what was normal during that time, and the fact that he was true in doing the work of God was a great stand that he has.

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14
Q

The ultimate basis of Muhgal wealth and power was

A

Agriculture

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15
Q

The Catholic Reformation was

A

An attempt by Catholics to reform Catholicism

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16
Q

The Portuguese were seeking an oceanic route for trade because

A

The Muslins controlled the land routes

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17
Q

Which of these countries would Ming China have considered the least civilized?

A

Japan

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18
Q

Discuss at least 3 of Martin Luther’s key beliefs. Note that “discuss” means more than just an accurate definition. Talk about the context and meaning of these beliefs to show that you understand them with some depths.

A

Martin Luther’s key beliefs included the scripture, grace and faith, and that all believers were priests. He thought that scripture was the only thing that we could base judgments on and that all other doctrines and writings couldn’t be taken into consideration. He also believed that God is the only one that can save us based off of our faith and not by our works. Lastly, he believed that any believer could talk to God and they wouldn’t have to go through a priest.

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19
Q

Confucianism stressed

A

Strict gender hierarchies

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20
Q

It was _____ that filled the Spanish treasury and transformed the world economy.

A

Silver

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21
Q

Brazil was Portugal’s moist important overseas colony because of

A

Sugar and gold

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22
Q

Spain’s main goal concerning the New Worlds was

A

Extract Wealth

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23
Q

Cultural and racial mixing were uncommon in New England because

A

There were equal numbers of European men and women

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24
Q

By 1641 what percentage of the Huron had been killed by disease?

A

50%

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25
Q

All of the following displaced Spain’s pre-eminence during the the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries except for

A

Portugal

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26
Q

What are three possible explanations for the explosion of European witchcraft trial after 1450 (through 1650)?

A

The European witch hunt were believed to be an organization of satanic witches that planned to threaten Christianity. The witches were accused as devil worshipers on witches sabbath. Many people were accused of it and were out into trial.

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27
Q

The foundation for Virginia’s prosperity was

A

Tobacco

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28
Q

Syncretism is

A

The mixing of paganism and Christianity

29
Q

Describe at least three differences in Amerindian relations between the French and the English.

A

The difference between the French and the English relations with the Amerindians was that the French tried to integrate themselves into the indigenous societies so they find pelts to sell or souls to save. The English drove out the Amerindians and replaced them with English farmers. The French used the Amerindian men in their hunting and trading parties, and the women stayed act to take care of the fields.

30
Q

The Black Seminoles were

A

Runaway slaves who lived and mixed with the Creek

31
Q

In general, how did the Caribbean treatment of slaves differ from the North American treatment? What affect did this have on mortality rates?

A

In the Caribbean, the slaves were treated as work horses. The slaves were pushed to work hard until they can’t anymore. The North American slaves were treated better by having the freedom to worship their beliefs. The death rate for the Caribbean slaves were really high, an the birth rates were really low, making it hard to sustain slavery.

32
Q

What percentage of African slaves who crossed the Atlantic came to British North America?

A

5%

33
Q

The three areas involved in the triangular trade were:

A

Africa, America, Europe

34
Q

What powerful kingdom or kingdoms emerged in the Great Lakes region?

A

All of the above; Buganda, Rwanda

35
Q

The Act for the _______ of Slave Trade passed in the year ____.

A

Abolition; 1807

36
Q

Share your opinion about how the way of life in Africa changed due to the slave trade. Reflect your knowledge of the text.

A

Many Africans were transported to the Americans and enslaved on plantations by Europeans. The slave trade was among royalty and powerful African leaders. When the Europeans came to Africa, they began bringing trade to the West Coast and focused on the commodity that they were more interested in, which was slaves. I believe that their new way of life became scary, since the slaves did not have an idea of being shipped to America. These people were treated as if they have no value, since they had no possession of royalty.

37
Q

What was the last and largest African empire?

A

The Songhai Empire

38
Q

The first major country to abolish slavery was

A

Britain

39
Q

Kimpa Vita preached that

A

Jesus Christ was an African

40
Q

All of the following women were Enlightenment thinkers except for

A

Montesquieu

41
Q

Linnaeus invented which of the following

A

Both a and b; Binomial nomenclature, Hierarchy classification of living things

42
Q

Joseph Banks’ voyage helped expand

A

The knowledge of the natural world

43
Q

What was the problem of longitude and why was it especially important to the British? How was the problem solved?

A

The problem with longitude was that they could not accurately determine the west and the east positions, because it involved time, and they had not yet developed a system for the time works, which was difficult to send los adrift.The problem was especially important to the British because it was a revolutionary problem that needed to be solved. They figured a way to solve the problems by mapping out a star chart and perfecting a time piece invented by John Harrison.

44
Q

Studying _____ is characteristics of all cultures

A

Plant Life

45
Q

What are 3 ways that practical science strengthened imperial ambitious in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?

A

There was an accumulation of knowledge in 2 areas and 1 practical thing was the study of economic botany and how they could make medicine and food.

46
Q

Enlightenment ideas include all of the following except

A

superstition

47
Q

The “moderns” rejected the infallibility of

A

Both B and C; Classical authority, Christian Theology

48
Q

Enlightened despots claimed they brought which of the following to their domains

A

Order, Harmony, and Reason

49
Q

New South Wales began as a

A

Penal Colony

50
Q

What are caudillos and what did they look after?

A

Dictatorial rulers who looked out for themselves and the military

51
Q

Explain 3 of the radical things that Maximillien Robespierre did differently in his “Republic of Virtue”

A

One of the radical things he did was that he confiscated lands that belonged to the church and to the nobility. Another thing he did was abolish slavery. Also, everybody, no matter their social standing, was granted citizenship

52
Q

How did Tupac Amaru II die?

A

Execution by the Spanish government

53
Q

The Third Estate was made up of

A

The Middle Class

54
Q

All of the following factors inhibited a strong sense of “Venezuelan” identity except for

A

Religious divisions

55
Q

The Bill of Rights established which of the following rights?

A

None of the above

56
Q

Explain the three phases of the French Revolution. Mention the name of the influential person in each phase.

A

The first stage of the French Revolution focused on the relatively moderate goal of constitutional monarchy and was led by the Catholic church and other European leaders. The second stage was led by Jacobins, who wanted a radical transformation of French society. The last stage was led by Napoleon Bonaparte who restored order and extended power across Europe.

57
Q

The Constitution of the USA grants which of the following powers to the federal government

A

Taxation and judicial oversight

58
Q

Boukman and Toussaaint L’Overture were famous for starting revolutions in

A

Haiti

59
Q

The Amerindian uprising of 1780 in the Andes was led by

A

Tupac Amaru II

60
Q

Marx saw history as propelled by

A

Changes in modes of production

61
Q

John Stuart Mill believed that

A

Both a and b; Working men should be able to vote, Women should be able to vote

62
Q

In your own words, explain what social Darwinism is and how it was used to explain Europe’s imperialism.

A

Social Darwinism is influenced by Charles Darwin theory. It is a theory full of questions of why people behave or even look differently. It did not take long for other British philosophers, like Herbert Spencer and Karl Pearson, to attempt to apply Darwin’s theories to human society; Why were some people rich and others poor? Why were some dark-skinned and others lighter? Why did the inhabitants of some civilizations dwell in tall buildings and others in grass huts? Could it be evolution at work? Gov’t officials across Europe did not wait for proof. By the 1880’s “Social Darwinism” was the new justification for imperial conquest around the world.

63
Q

Social Darwinism justified

A

Social inequality

64
Q

Who unified Italy by conquering Naples and Sicily?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

65
Q

What philosophy guided Victorian reform?

A

Utilitarianism

66
Q

The Industrial Revolution was unleashed by

A

Improvements in the production of iron

67
Q

Herzen saw the Emancipation Edits as

A

A wasted opportunity for more meaningful reform

68
Q

Adam Smith argued that ________ was a key to increased productivity.

A

Division of Labor

West and the World (1 decks)

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