MIDTERM Flashcards
1
Q
input
A
captures or collects raw data
2
Q
output
A
information in form of documents and reports
3
Q
feedback
A
output to help people correct input stage
4
Q
data
A
raw facts (ex. business transactions)
5
Q
information system
A
methods or devices that collect and retrieve, process, store and distribute information
6
Q
business information system
A
methods or devices that collect and retrieve, process, store and distribute information to support decision making and to control an organization
7
Q
AVERAGE
A
determine average costs
8
Q
MIN and MAX
A
min and max of days etc. (not amount of products sold)
9
Q
SUM
A
total values
10
Q
DCOUNTA
A
to count records
11
Q
DSUM
A
total units sold
12
Q
DAVERAGE
A
average number of numbers or units sold
13
Q
DMIN
A
min number or units sold
14
Q
DMAX
A
max number or units sold
15
Q
LARGE
A
identify highest sales
16
Q
SMALL
A
identify lowest sales
17
Q
AVERAGEIF
A
average sales during specific quarters (ex. Q4)
18
Q
IF
A
use to show words (ex. Yes, No). Also used to create graphs or line charts to know whose sales were higher than a certain #
19
Q
Executive support system (ESS)
A
Strategic level. Addresses unstructured decisions through advanced graphics and communication
20
Q
Decision support system (DSS)
A
management level. combines data or data analysis to support semistructured and unstructured decisions
21
Q
transaction processing systems (TPS)
A
operational level. perform and record daily routine transactions to conduct business
22
Q
management information systems (MIS)
A
reports of organizational performance to help middle management monitor and control business
23
Q
intranets
A
- internal networks built with same tools as internet
- used for internal distribution of employee information
(ex. my humber is only available to humber students and not the public)
24
Q
extranets
A
intranet extended to authorize users outside of the company
25
e-business
digital technology and internet to execute business processes
26
e-commerce (electronic commerce)
buying and selling good over the internet
27
e-government
digitally enables government and public agencies with citizens, businesses and other governments
28
legacy system
- older transaction processing system created for mainframe computers to be used to avoid cost of replacing or redesigning them
- older application programs and information process
29
standard operating process (SOP)
rules, procedures and practices developed with virtually all expected situations
30
organizational politics
divergent viewpoints lead to political struggle, competition and conflict
31
organizational culture
assumptions that define goal and product
| ex. what products the organization can produce
32
organizational environment
organizations are open and dependent on social and physical environment
environment changes faster than organization
33
organizational structure
Entrepreneurial - start up business
Divisionalized bureaucracy - fortune 500 firms
Machine bureaucracy - manufacturing firms
Adhocracy - consulting firms
Professional bureaucracy - law firms, schools, hospitals
34
transaction cost theory
firms seek to economize transaction costs
35
disruptive technology
tech that brings sweeping change to business, industries and markets
(ex. internet, personal computers)
36
low cost leadership
lowest operational cost and lowest prices
37
product differentiation
new products and services or changing customer convenience using existing products and services
38
niche market
a specific market focus and serve this niche market better than competitors
39
relationship management
information systems to develop customer, client and supplier relationship
(ex buying something from amazon and having it suggest other things to buy)
40
business value chain model
- primary activities : creating the product or service (shipping, sales)
- support activities : HR, accounting and finance. support primary function of production, shipping, sales and marketing
41
bench marketing
comparing efficiency and effectiveness of business process against standards and measuring performance against those standards
42
core competencies
firm relies on knowledge, experience and sharing across businesses
43
network based strategies
firms abilities to network
| use of network economics, virtual company model, and business ecosystem
44
law of diminishing returns
more resource is applied to productions, lower the marginal gain in output until additional inputs produce no additional outputs
45
network economics
marginal cost of adding new participant almost zero, with greater marginal gain
46
virtual company strategy
networks to ally with other companies to create and distribute products without being limited by organizational boundries
47
sustaining competitive advantage
competitors can retaliate and copy strategic systems
48
managing strategic transitions
adopting strategic systems requires chance in business goals, relationships, suppliers and business processes
49
evolution of IT infrastructure
electronic account machine era - 1930-1950
general mainframe and mini computer era - 1959-present
personal computer era - 1981-present
client/ server era - 1983- present
enterprise computing era - 1992- present
cloud and mobile computing era - 2000-present
50
moose's law
- computing power double every 18-24 months
- power of micro processors doubles every 18 months
- price of computing falls by half every 18 months
51
nanotechnology
individual atoms and molecules to create computer chip and other devices
52
law of mass digital storage
- digital info roughly doubling every year
- cost of storage falling at rate of 100% per year
- memory is going down
53
metcalfe's law and network economics
- value of networks grows as function of number of networks grows
- bigger the network, the more powerful it is
54
American standard code for information interchange
ASCII - 1958
55
common business oriented language
COBOL - 1959
56
transmission control protocol / internet protocol
TCP/ IP - 1974
57
personal computer systems
IBM/ MICROSOFT/ INTEL - 1981
58
World wide web
WWW - 1991-1993
59
IT infrastructure
shared technology resources that provide platform for firms specific info system applications
(ex. investment hardware, software. services such as education and training)
60
grid computing
connecting geographically remote computers into a single network capable of working on business problems that require short term access
61
cloud computing and computing utility
firms off load peak demand for computer power to remote. Large scale data centres
- firms pay only computing power they use
- excellent for firms with spiked demand curves
62
virutuliziation
computing resources that can be accessed in ways that are not restricted by configuration
(multiple operating systems to run on one machine)
(increases server utilization from 10-15% to 70%)
63
multicore-processors
reduced power requirement, enhanced performance
64
autonomic computing
computer systems become complex causing cost of managing computers to rise
65
open source software
free and can be modified by users
| wiki
66
linux
most widely used open source software
67
java
object oriented programming language
68
HTML
hypertext mark up language
69
XML: exertion markup language
more powerful than HTML
| tagging allows computers to process data automatically
70
SOA: service oriented architecture
self contained services that work with each other to create working software application
71
total cost of ownership
TCO model used to analyze direct and indirect costs
72
bit
```
smallest unit of data
binary digit (0,1)
```
73
byte
group of bits that represent single character
74
record
group of related files
75
file
group of records of same type
76
database
group of related files
77
entity
person, place, thing which information is maintained
78
attribute
description of particular entity
79
keyfield
identifier field used to retrieve, update and sort a record
80
data redundancy
presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so the same data are stored in more than one place
81
data inconsistency
same attribute may have different values
82
project data dependence
coupling of data stored in files and specific programs required to update and maintain files
83
lack of flexibility
traditional file system delivers routine schedule reports after extensive programming efforts
84
lack of at a sharing and availability
information doesn't flow free across different functional areas or parts of the organization
85
relational database management systems (DBMS)
represents data as 2 dimensional tables called relations
86
operations of relational DBMS
- select: creates subset of rows that meet specific criteria
- join: comines relational tables to provide users with info
- project: enables users to create new tables containing only relevant information
87
object oriented database management systems (DBMS)
stores data and procedures as objets that can be retrieved and shared automatically
88
hybrid object oriented database management systems (OODBMS)
combines benefits of relational and object oriented database management systems
89
conceptual design
abstract model of database from business perspective
90
entity relationship diagram
documenting databases that show relationships between database entities
91
normalization
creating small stable data from complex groups of data
92
distributed database
database stored in more than one physical location
93
data warehouse
stores current and historical data from many core operational transaction systems
94
data marts
subset of data warehouse
95
online analytical processing (OLAP)
multidimensional data viewing data using multiple dimensions
| product, price, cost, region and time period is different dimensions
96
data mining
tools for analyzing large pools of data
97
text mining
key elements from large unstructured data sets
| ex. stored emails
98
web mining
discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from world wide web (WWW)
99
web content mining
knowledge taken from content of web pages
100
web structure mining
links to and from web pages
101
web usage mining
user interaction data recorded by web server
102
data quality audit
structured survey for accuracy and completeness of data
103
data cleansing
activities for detecting and correcting data
