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Geriatrics > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Under normal circumstances, deterioration of intellectual function should not be evident until a person reaches the age of ____, unless the person has a disease of the CNS or a disease affecting it.

  • 62 years old
  • 65 years old
  • 70 years old
  • 75 years old
A

70 years old

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2
Q

Changes affecting the stria vascularis defines this types of Presbycusis?

  • Striatal Presbycusis
  • Mechanical Presbycusis
  • Sensory Presbycusis
  • Neural Presbycusis
A

Strial Presbycusis **AKA metabolic atrophy of stria vasculari, which normally maintains chemical balances and metabolic health of the cochlea, leads to hearing loss

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3
Q

The most significant changes associated with Presbycusis occur in the:

  • vestibular system
  • cochlea
  • cilia
  • neural functioning
A

cochlea

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4
Q

Demographers define “baby boomers” as those born between:

  • 1910-1922
  • 1934-1945
  • 1946-1964
  • 1956-1982
A

1946-1964

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5
Q

Cataracts are pathologic; however almost everyone, upon reaching the ago of____ has some evidence of lens opacification.

  • 55 years old
  • 62 years old
  • 65 years old
  • 70 years old
A

65 years old

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6
Q

A form of brain plaquing called Lewy Bodies are found in this disease that effects elderly?

  • Parkinson’s
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Multiple Myeloma
  • Multiple Sclerosis
A

Parkinson’s *** can also say Lewy Body Dementia

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7
Q

T/F

The process of becoming old is termed senility.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

The normal hearing range occurs between _____Hz, and on average start losing hearing around _____ years old.

  • 10-10,000; 50
  • 20-20,000; 60
  • 20-20,000; 50
  • 10-10,000; 60
A

20-20,000 Hz, 50 years old

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9
Q

The 1% Rule simply states that most organ systems seem to lose function at roughly 1% per year, beginning around _____ years old.

  • 25
  • 30
  • 40
  • 50
A

30 years old ***other studies show less dramatic results that are closer to 70….thank god

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10
Q

The functional performance of an organ in the elderly person depends on 2 principle factors that are: (Pick 2)

  • Lifestyle choices
  • Rate of deterioration
  • Genetics
  • Level of performance needed
  • Outlook
  • Nutrition
A
  • Rate of deterioration - Level of performance needed
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11
Q

Amyloid plaques of unknown origin are associated with this form of dementia;

  • Lewy Body Dementia
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Parkinson’s
  • infarct Dementia
A

Alzhemier’s

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12
Q

T/F

Lewy Body Dementia is the second most common form of dementia and is more aggressive than Alzheimer’s.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Which 1 of the 4 is NOT a factor in the geriatrics ability to function independently?

  • tolerance to pain
  • motivation
  • inborn capacity to function
  • environmental ignoring
A

environmental ignoring

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14
Q

T/F

Scientific and social improvements have increased “Life Expectancy” but have not altered Life Span.

A

FLASE

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15
Q

T/F

As part of the normal agin process, blood vessels show increased collagen, increased calcium, increased peripheral resistance, altered elastin, and a loss of 10% cardiac systolic efficiency.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

In the average adult, muscle mass represents about 43% of body weight. In the elderly, this is reduced to an average of _____, between ______ years old.

  • 50%, 40-100
  • 30%, 40-100
  • 50%, 30-80
  • 30%, 30-80
A

30% loss of muscle mass between 30-80 years old

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17
Q

The terminal end of the chromosome, which determines replication is called:

A

Telomere

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18
Q

Disability increases with age with about _____% of geriatrics confined at home.

  • 10% - 20% - 30% - 40%
A

20% ***7% confined to bed

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19
Q

How much more is the cost of healthcare for the elderly (those over 65) compared to the general population?

  • 2x
  • 2 1/2x
  • 4x
  • 10x
A

2 1/2x

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20
Q

Medicare will only pay for a nursing home stay when staying ____ days in the hospital.

  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
A

3 days

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21
Q

What is the number one cause of death both male and female elderly persons?

  • Cancer
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Trauma
  • Subluxation
A

Cardiovascular Disease

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22
Q

T/F

Dementia is defined as a “mental disturbance” marked by illusions, hallucinations, short unsystematized delusion, cerebral excitement, physical restlessness and incoherence, usually short-term.

A

FALSE - defined as “delirium/confusion”

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23
Q

T/F

Geriatrics assigned to nursing home facilities can be divided into short term and long term, short term being younger, more physical, entering the hospital and staying 1-2 months.

A

FALSE **3-6 months long term = older, confuse, incontinent, 1 year or more

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24
Q

The physical, psychological and socioeconomic triad of patient assessment determine the patients:

  • health outcomes
  • ability to function
  • ability to meet goals
  • prognosis
A

ability to function

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25
Q

This is characterized by recent memory loss and is usually associated with a thiamin deficiency?

  • retrograde amnesia
  • anterograde amnesia
  • amnesic syndrome
  • beri beri
A

amnesic syndrome

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26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a possible preventer of Alzheimer’s?

  • Steroids
  • Estrogen therapy
  • Non-steroidal inflammatory drugs
A

Steroids

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27
Q

T/F

The major feature that distinguishes delirium from dementia and other causes of impaired cognitive function is a clouding of the state of consciousness evidenced by the patients difficulty in sustaining attention, a sensory misconception or fragmented thought.

A

TRUE

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28
Q

T/F

Dementia and delirium and depression cannot exist in the same person at the same time.

A

TRUE

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29
Q

T/F

A part of your evaluation of a patient with suspected dementia, clock drawing and 3 item recall should be employed because they have an 80% degree of reliability in evaluating cognitive status.

A

TRUE

30
Q

The term “Masked Depression”is used when symptoms of depression are in common with symptoms associated with?

  • Substance abuse
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Dementia
A

Substance abuse

31
Q

Of all the various named dementia’s which has the highest degree of incidence?

  • Parkinson’s
  • Infarct Dementia
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Lewy Body Dementia
A

Alzheimer’s

32
Q

T/F

Prescription drugs such as narcotics and anti-hypersensitivities, can be a major cause of acute as well as chronic impairment of cognitive function in the older patient.

A

TRUE

33
Q

Memory loss this is only mild and isn’t progressive and doesn’t cause dysfunction in the performance of normal daily activities is called?

  • Lewy Body Dementia
  • Infarct Dementia
  • Concussion
A

infarct dementia

34
Q

Statin drugs are known to deplete the cells of:

  • brain
  • kidney
  • liver
  • penis
A

liver

35
Q

T/F

CT scan establishes the diagnosis of Alzhimer’s

A

FALSE - only definitive diagnosis through autopsy

36
Q

The ability to accommodate for focus on visual targets from distance to near because of inflexible crystalline lens and ciliary muscles necessitating the use of bifocals develops around the age of:

  • 50
  • 62
  • 65
  • 70
A

65 years old

37
Q

T/F

Gait assessment of a 73 year old female would most likely reveal waddling, stooped posture (OA, canal stenosis), shuffling feet, and narrow stance.

A

FALSE - wide stance

38
Q

Your elderly patient complains of slight dizziness after Valsalvas, most likely due to…

  • drop in BP
  • Peripheral nerve entrapment
  • hypoxia
  • hypercapnia
A

drop in BP

39
Q

Age effects the neurological system in as much that a geriatric patient may have a ____ without initially demonsrtating any neuro symptoms.

  • embolism
  • hemorrhage
  • heart attack
  • spinal canal stenosis
A

hemorrhage

40
Q

According to lecture, decrease in HCL and gastric acid secretions my lead to deficieny of Vitamin:

  • A
  • E
  • B12
  • K
A

B12

41
Q

Changes effecting the stria vascularis defines this type of presybycusis:

  • neural
  • cochlear
  • metabolic
  • sensory
A

cochlear

42
Q

The most significant changes associated with Presybycusis occur in the:

  • outer ear
  • inner ear
  • middle ear
  • tympanic membrane
A

inner ear

43
Q

“Baby Boomers” are those born between:

  • 1950-1960
  • 1946-1964
  • 1964-1974
  • 1940-1955
A

1946-1964

44
Q

Cataracts are pathologic; however, almost everyone, upon reaching the age of ____ has some evidence of lens opacification.

  • 45
  • 55
  • 65
  • 75
A

65

45
Q

The normal hearing range is between:

  • 5Hz and 25 MHz
  • 10Hz and 50KHz
  • 20Hz and 20KHz
  • 5Hz and 60KHz
A

20Hz and 20KHz

46
Q

The 1% Rule states that most organ systems lose function at about 1% each year, starting around age:

  • 30
  • 40
  • 50
  • 60
A

30

47
Q

Which of the following is most characteristic of the reproduction system in a geriatric?

  • increase in seminiferous tubules
  • increse production of oocytes
  • proliferation of stromal and grandular tissue
  • increase vaginal elasticity
A

proliferation of stromal and glandular tissue

48
Q

The inability to taste ____ and ____ are altered in elderly. (pick 2)

  • sweet
  • sour
  • salty
  • bitter
A

sweet and salty

49
Q

Which of the following are minearls is NOT true as it pertains to the elderly?

  • decreased ability to absorb Calcium
  • increase in sodium conserving ability
  • decreased ability to absorb iron
  • phosphorus levels are unchanged
A

increase in sodium conserving ability

***pretty much everything decreases EXCEPT size and number of neuroglial cells, BUN

50
Q

A slight elevation of serum creatinin could signify:

  • reduced pancrese function
  • reduced gallbladder function
  • reduced renal function
  • considered a normal age related finding
A

reduced renal function

51
Q

Functional performance of an organ in the elderly depends on 2 principal factors, which are:

  • Age of patient and Rate of deterioration
  • Level of performance needed to perform ADLs and Age of patient
  • Age of patient and How patient adapts to external stresses
  • Rate of deterioration and Level of performance
A

Level of performance needed to perform ADLs and Age of patient

52
Q

Terminal end of chromosome determining replication is called:

  • telomeres
  • gamete
  • DHEA
  • Teratoma
A

Telomeres

53
Q

Low serum levels of ___ and/or ____ may be a sign of under nutrition. (pick 2)

  • calcium
  • albumin
  • iron
  • potassium
A

albumin and iron

54
Q

Liver disease, Paget’s, and Blastic Mets show elevated serum levels of?

  • BUN
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • PSA
  • Hemoglobin and hematocrit
A

Alkaline phosphatase

55
Q

T/F

Various blocks on ECG, pyuria, and bacturia may be observed in asymptomatic seniors.

A

TRUE

56
Q

Developing normative data, making a diagnosis, and reviewing progress of treatment is a process that describes:

  • physical exam
  • pain assessment
  • functional status measures
  • ROS
A

functional status measures

57
Q

You observe an AAA on lumbosacral xray, treatment plan would be to refer out and order an…

  • MRI
  • Diagnostic Ultrasound
  • CT
  • PET
A

Diagnostic ultrasound

58
Q

T/F

According to lecture, unilateral ankle edema may be a consequence of sciatic radiculopathy.

A

TRUE

59
Q

What is considered to default cause of confucion in the elderly until proven otherwise?

  • Psychosis
  • Delerium
  • Depression
  • Electrolyte imbalance
A

Delerium

60
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of delerium?

  • Clouding of consciousness
  • Develops over a short course
  • up-regulated sympathetic tone
  • a steady non-fluctuating course
A

a steady non-fluctuating course

61
Q

T/F

A recent study reveled there is a correlation between gait speed and morbitity and mortality.

A

TRUE

62
Q

What is the criteria for, unexplained weight loss, which warrants further evaluation for occult neoplasm ___% of body weight within _____ months or less.

  • 10%, 6 months
  • 5%, 6 months
  • 10%, 12 months
  • 5%, 12 months
A

5%, 12 months

***can also be 10 pounds in 6 months

63
Q

Inability to hear ____ or _____ Hz on eaither ear with the audioscope set at 40db characterizes a person having poor hearing.

  • 1000, 2000
  • 10, 100
  • 20, 20,000
  • 50, 500
A

1000, 2000

64
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for urinary incontinence?

  • loss of the urine continence at anytime within 1 month
  • loss urine continences 6 separate days within 1 year
  • loss of urine continences 12 separate days within 1 year
  • loss of urine continence at any time during the night
A

loss urine continences 6 separate days within 1 year

65
Q

What makes a free radical a free radical?

  • unpaired e- in its outer shell
  • it carries trans bonds
  • classified as a radioactive isotope
  • is has an unstable nuclues
A

unpaired electron in its outer shell

66
Q

Which of the following does not decline with advancing age?

  • Hematorcit
  • Glucose tolerance
  • degree of turgor
  • Albumin and creatinin
A

Hematocrit

67
Q

Decline of COQ-10 in mitochondria in association with?

  • DNA/RNA damage
  • Loss of energy
  • Reduced transaminase production
  • Gene mutation
A

loss of energy

68
Q

In human there appears to be a direct correlation between shortening telomere length and _____ aging.

  • mitochondria
  • germ cell
  • endocrine gland
  • vascular
A

vascular

69
Q

Apoptosis is programmed cell death without influence of:

  • mitogens
  • telomeres
  • inflammation
  • antigens
A

inflammation

70
Q

As we age there appears to be an increase in the apperance of autoimmune disease 1 theory of aging postulates that increasing quantities of ____ is the culprit.

  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • mutagens
  • histocytes
  • lipid peroxidase
A

pro-inflammatory cytokines

71
Q

Advanced glycation end products develop when a reducing sugar bonds with a protein causing the elimination of a:

  • monounsaturated bond
  • water molecule
  • HDL cholesterol
  • protein bridge
A

water molecule

72
Q
A

Geriatrics (1 decks)

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