Midterm Flashcards
Under normal circumstances, deterioration of intellectual function should not be evident until a person reaches the age of ____, unless the person has a disease of the CNS or a disease affecting it.
- 62 years old
- 65 years old
- 70 years old
- 75 years old
70 years old
Changes affecting the stria vascularis defines this types of Presbycusis?
- Striatal Presbycusis
- Mechanical Presbycusis
- Sensory Presbycusis
- Neural Presbycusis
Strial Presbycusis **AKA metabolic atrophy of stria vasculari, which normally maintains chemical balances and metabolic health of the cochlea, leads to hearing loss
The most significant changes associated with Presbycusis occur in the:
- vestibular system
- cochlea
- cilia
- neural functioning
cochlea
Demographers define “baby boomers” as those born between:
- 1910-1922
- 1934-1945
- 1946-1964
- 1956-1982
1946-1964
Cataracts are pathologic; however almost everyone, upon reaching the ago of____ has some evidence of lens opacification.
- 55 years old
- 62 years old
- 65 years old
- 70 years old
65 years old
A form of brain plaquing called Lewy Bodies are found in this disease that effects elderly?
- Parkinson’s
- Alzheimer’s
- Multiple Myeloma
- Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson’s *** can also say Lewy Body Dementia
T/F
The process of becoming old is termed senility.
TRUE
The normal hearing range occurs between _____Hz, and on average start losing hearing around _____ years old.
- 10-10,000; 50
- 20-20,000; 60
- 20-20,000; 50
- 10-10,000; 60
20-20,000 Hz, 50 years old
The 1% Rule simply states that most organ systems seem to lose function at roughly 1% per year, beginning around _____ years old.
- 25
- 30
- 40
- 50
30 years old ***other studies show less dramatic results that are closer to 70….thank god
The functional performance of an organ in the elderly person depends on 2 principle factors that are: (Pick 2)
- Lifestyle choices
- Rate of deterioration
- Genetics
- Level of performance needed
- Outlook
- Nutrition
- Rate of deterioration - Level of performance needed
Amyloid plaques of unknown origin are associated with this form of dementia;
- Lewy Body Dementia
- Alzheimer’s
- Parkinson’s
- infarct Dementia
Alzhemier’s
T/F
Lewy Body Dementia is the second most common form of dementia and is more aggressive than Alzheimer’s.
TRUE
Which 1 of the 4 is NOT a factor in the geriatrics ability to function independently?
- tolerance to pain
- motivation
- inborn capacity to function
- environmental ignoring
environmental ignoring
T/F
Scientific and social improvements have increased “Life Expectancy” but have not altered Life Span.
FLASE
T/F
As part of the normal agin process, blood vessels show increased collagen, increased calcium, increased peripheral resistance, altered elastin, and a loss of 10% cardiac systolic efficiency.
TRUE
In the average adult, muscle mass represents about 43% of body weight. In the elderly, this is reduced to an average of _____, between ______ years old.
- 50%, 40-100
- 30%, 40-100
- 50%, 30-80
- 30%, 30-80
30% loss of muscle mass between 30-80 years old
The terminal end of the chromosome, which determines replication is called:
Telomere
Disability increases with age with about _____% of geriatrics confined at home.
- 10% - 20% - 30% - 40%
20% ***7% confined to bed
How much more is the cost of healthcare for the elderly (those over 65) compared to the general population?
- 2x
- 2 1/2x
- 4x
- 10x
2 1/2x
Medicare will only pay for a nursing home stay when staying ____ days in the hospital.
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
3 days
What is the number one cause of death both male and female elderly persons?
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Trauma
- Subluxation
Cardiovascular Disease
T/F
Dementia is defined as a “mental disturbance” marked by illusions, hallucinations, short unsystematized delusion, cerebral excitement, physical restlessness and incoherence, usually short-term.
FALSE - defined as “delirium/confusion”
T/F
Geriatrics assigned to nursing home facilities can be divided into short term and long term, short term being younger, more physical, entering the hospital and staying 1-2 months.
FALSE **3-6 months long term = older, confuse, incontinent, 1 year or more
The physical, psychological and socioeconomic triad of patient assessment determine the patients:
- health outcomes
- ability to function
- ability to meet goals
- prognosis
ability to function
This is characterized by recent memory loss and is usually associated with a thiamin deficiency?
- retrograde amnesia
- anterograde amnesia
- amnesic syndrome
- beri beri
amnesic syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a possible preventer of Alzheimer’s?
- Steroids
- Estrogen therapy
- Non-steroidal inflammatory drugs
Steroids
T/F
The major feature that distinguishes delirium from dementia and other causes of impaired cognitive function is a clouding of the state of consciousness evidenced by the patients difficulty in sustaining attention, a sensory misconception or fragmented thought.
TRUE
T/F
Dementia and delirium and depression cannot exist in the same person at the same time.
TRUE
T/F
A part of your evaluation of a patient with suspected dementia, clock drawing and 3 item recall should be employed because they have an 80% degree of reliability in evaluating cognitive status.
TRUE
The term “Masked Depression”is used when symptoms of depression are in common with symptoms associated with?
- Substance abuse
- Alzheimer’s
- Dementia
Substance abuse
Of all the various named dementia’s which has the highest degree of incidence?
- Parkinson’s
- Infarct Dementia
- Alzheimer’s
- Lewy Body Dementia
Alzheimer’s
T/F
Prescription drugs such as narcotics and anti-hypersensitivities, can be a major cause of acute as well as chronic impairment of cognitive function in the older patient.
TRUE
Memory loss this is only mild and isn’t progressive and doesn’t cause dysfunction in the performance of normal daily activities is called?
- Lewy Body Dementia
- Infarct Dementia
- Concussion
infarct dementia
Statin drugs are known to deplete the cells of:
- brain
- kidney
- liver
- penis
liver
T/F
CT scan establishes the diagnosis of Alzhimer’s
FALSE - only definitive diagnosis through autopsy
The ability to accommodate for focus on visual targets from distance to near because of inflexible crystalline lens and ciliary muscles necessitating the use of bifocals develops around the age of:
- 50
- 62
- 65
- 70
65 years old
T/F
Gait assessment of a 73 year old female would most likely reveal waddling, stooped posture (OA, canal stenosis), shuffling feet, and narrow stance.
FALSE - wide stance
Your elderly patient complains of slight dizziness after Valsalvas, most likely due to…
- drop in BP
- Peripheral nerve entrapment
- hypoxia
- hypercapnia
drop in BP
Age effects the neurological system in as much that a geriatric patient may have a ____ without initially demonsrtating any neuro symptoms.
- embolism
- hemorrhage
- heart attack
- spinal canal stenosis
hemorrhage
According to lecture, decrease in HCL and gastric acid secretions my lead to deficieny of Vitamin:
- A
- E
- B12
- K
B12
Changes effecting the stria vascularis defines this type of presybycusis:
- neural
- cochlear
- metabolic
- sensory
cochlear
The most significant changes associated with Presybycusis occur in the:
- outer ear
- inner ear
- middle ear
- tympanic membrane
inner ear
“Baby Boomers” are those born between:
- 1950-1960
- 1946-1964
- 1964-1974
- 1940-1955
1946-1964
Cataracts are pathologic; however, almost everyone, upon reaching the age of ____ has some evidence of lens opacification.
- 45
- 55
- 65
- 75
65
The normal hearing range is between:
- 5Hz and 25 MHz
- 10Hz and 50KHz
- 20Hz and 20KHz
- 5Hz and 60KHz
20Hz and 20KHz
The 1% Rule states that most organ systems lose function at about 1% each year, starting around age:
- 30
- 40
- 50
- 60
30
Which of the following is most characteristic of the reproduction system in a geriatric?
- increase in seminiferous tubules
- increse production of oocytes
- proliferation of stromal and grandular tissue
- increase vaginal elasticity
proliferation of stromal and glandular tissue
The inability to taste ____ and ____ are altered in elderly. (pick 2)
- sweet
- sour
- salty
- bitter
sweet and salty
Which of the following are minearls is NOT true as it pertains to the elderly?
- decreased ability to absorb Calcium
- increase in sodium conserving ability
- decreased ability to absorb iron
- phosphorus levels are unchanged
increase in sodium conserving ability
***pretty much everything decreases EXCEPT size and number of neuroglial cells, BUN
A slight elevation of serum creatinin could signify:
- reduced pancrese function
- reduced gallbladder function
- reduced renal function
- considered a normal age related finding
reduced renal function
Functional performance of an organ in the elderly depends on 2 principal factors, which are:
- Age of patient and Rate of deterioration
- Level of performance needed to perform ADLs and Age of patient
- Age of patient and How patient adapts to external stresses
- Rate of deterioration and Level of performance
Level of performance needed to perform ADLs and Age of patient
Terminal end of chromosome determining replication is called:
- telomeres
- gamete
- DHEA
- Teratoma
Telomeres
Low serum levels of ___ and/or ____ may be a sign of under nutrition. (pick 2)
- calcium
- albumin
- iron
- potassium
albumin and iron
Liver disease, Paget’s, and Blastic Mets show elevated serum levels of?
- BUN
- Alkaline phosphatase
- PSA
- Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Alkaline phosphatase
T/F
Various blocks on ECG, pyuria, and bacturia may be observed in asymptomatic seniors.
TRUE
Developing normative data, making a diagnosis, and reviewing progress of treatment is a process that describes:
- physical exam
- pain assessment
- functional status measures
- ROS
functional status measures
You observe an AAA on lumbosacral xray, treatment plan would be to refer out and order an…
- MRI
- Diagnostic Ultrasound
- CT
- PET
Diagnostic ultrasound
T/F
According to lecture, unilateral ankle edema may be a consequence of sciatic radiculopathy.
TRUE
What is considered to default cause of confucion in the elderly until proven otherwise?
- Psychosis
- Delerium
- Depression
- Electrolyte imbalance
Delerium
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of delerium?
- Clouding of consciousness
- Develops over a short course
- up-regulated sympathetic tone
- a steady non-fluctuating course
a steady non-fluctuating course
T/F
A recent study reveled there is a correlation between gait speed and morbitity and mortality.
TRUE
What is the criteria for, unexplained weight loss, which warrants further evaluation for occult neoplasm ___% of body weight within _____ months or less.
- 10%, 6 months
- 5%, 6 months
- 10%, 12 months
- 5%, 12 months
5%, 12 months
***can also be 10 pounds in 6 months
Inability to hear ____ or _____ Hz on eaither ear with the audioscope set at 40db characterizes a person having poor hearing.
- 1000, 2000
- 10, 100
- 20, 20,000
- 50, 500
1000, 2000
What is the diagnostic criteria for urinary incontinence?
- loss of the urine continence at anytime within 1 month
- loss urine continences 6 separate days within 1 year
- loss of urine continences 12 separate days within 1 year
- loss of urine continence at any time during the night
loss urine continences 6 separate days within 1 year
What makes a free radical a free radical?
- unpaired e- in its outer shell
- it carries trans bonds
- classified as a radioactive isotope
- is has an unstable nuclues
unpaired electron in its outer shell
Which of the following does not decline with advancing age?
- Hematorcit
- Glucose tolerance
- degree of turgor
- Albumin and creatinin
Hematocrit
Decline of COQ-10 in mitochondria in association with?
- DNA/RNA damage
- Loss of energy
- Reduced transaminase production
- Gene mutation
loss of energy
In human there appears to be a direct correlation between shortening telomere length and _____ aging.
- mitochondria
- germ cell
- endocrine gland
- vascular
vascular
Apoptosis is programmed cell death without influence of:
- mitogens
- telomeres
- inflammation
- antigens
inflammation
As we age there appears to be an increase in the apperance of autoimmune disease 1 theory of aging postulates that increasing quantities of ____ is the culprit.
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines
- mutagens
- histocytes
- lipid peroxidase
pro-inflammatory cytokines
Advanced glycation end products develop when a reducing sugar bonds with a protein causing the elimination of a:
- monounsaturated bond
- water molecule
- HDL cholesterol
- protein bridge
water molecule
