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Critical Care 611 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three things you triage first?

A

HR, RR, Perfusion parameters

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2
Q

What should you always palpate in male cats?

A

Bladder

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3
Q

What makes up a MDB?

A

PCV/TP, BG, ago stick, venous blood gas and lactate

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4
Q

What are the 4 reasons MDB are useful?

A

Makes sure they are stable for anesthesia, makes sure they are stable for overnight, helps to decide fluids, can rule out potential causes of episode

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5
Q

What are your non invasive triage test?

A

TPR, pulse ox, ECG, MDB

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6
Q

What is the best monitoring tool?

A

Serial PE

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7
Q

What does pulse ox measure? What is nice about it?

A

O2 saturation on hemoglobin, will not read false high.

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8
Q

What is the only way to measure ventilation?

A

PaCO2 and ETCO2

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9
Q

What is are the invasive and direct measures of blood pressure?

A

ART Line

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10
Q

What are the indirect measures of blood pressure?

A

Doppler(keep in mind it measures systolic)

Cardell(gives both dia and syst)

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11
Q

What does lactate indicate? What is is a measure of?

A

anaerobic metabolism so when elevated means poor perfusion

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12
Q

What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure?

A

-2 to 2+

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13
Q

What is CVP a good estimation of?

A

Right Atrium pressure

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14
Q

What are the indicators for perfusion?

A

mentation, temperature, lactate, urine output, pulse quality and MM

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15
Q

What is the ventilation rate for CPR?

A

12-15 breaths per min.

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16
Q

If heart rate is normal what else can you try instead of CPR?

A

Acupuncture with 25g needle into nasal philtram

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17
Q

What is the compression rate for CPR?

A

80-100 compressions per min.

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18
Q

What is the fluid dose for Euvolemic patients in CPR?

A

20 ml/kg in dogs bolus

10 m;/kg in cats bolus

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19
Q

What is the fluid does for hypovolemic patients in CPR?

A

90 ml/kg dogs bolus

45 ml/kg cats bolus

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20
Q

In blood loss or anemia what should you use for fluid and what are the rates?

A

Synthetic colloids
20 ml/kg dogs bolus
10 milk cats NO BOLUS SLOW

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21
Q

What does epinephrine cause?

A

peripheral vasoconstriction

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22
Q

What does atropine do?

A

Increases sinus node automaticity and AV node conductivity

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23
Q

What is the emergency does for atropine?

A

0.04 mg/kg

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24
Q

What is the systemic effect of vasopressin?

A

renal and coronary vasoconstriction

25
Q

What drug should you not use during CPR?

A

Lidocaine: makes it hard to defib

26
Q

What is the post resuscitation dose for lidocaine?

A

2-4 mg/kg dog

.2 mg/kg cats

27
Q

What is the best emergency drug for metabolic acidosis?

A

Sodium bicarb with good ventilation

28
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation defined as?

A

absence of P-QRS-T complexes

29
Q

What are the 6 indications for open chest CPR?

A 
Large dog
Pneumothorax
Chest Trauma
Pleural effusion 
No pulses after 5 min 
Pericardial effusion
Diaphragmatic hernia
30
Q

Where do you place your incision in open chest CPR?

A

5-6 ICS

31
Q

In open chest CPR what are the two main structures to avoid?

A

internal thoracic artery(1 cm from sternum)

Caudel rib vessels

32
Q

What are the two things you have to do to the heart in open chest CPR?

A

Open pericardium and compress heart from apex to base

33
Q

What are the major post CPR complications?

A

Ventricular arrythmias
Hypotension
Neuro deficits
Hypoxemia

34
Q

If you suspect cerebral edema what should you give?

A

Mannitol

35
Q

In hypotension what should you give?

A

synthetic colloids then pressers if unresponsive.

36
Q

Under the new guidelines what are the two main things to prevent in CPR?

A

Interruption of compressions

Hyperventilation

37
Q

If open chest CPR is successful what two things need to be done?

A

Lavage of chest and ANALGESIA

38
Q

In dehydration you lose____ in excess of ___.

A

Free water in excess of Na+

39
Q

In hypovolemia what do you lose equally?

A

Free water and Na+

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of dehydration?

A

Skin turgor, retraction of the globe, PCV/TP,mm moistness

41
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypovolemia?

A

Heart Rate, CRT, MM color, pulse quality, PCV/TP

42
Q

What is the formula to correct dehydration?

A

% dehydrated x BW(kg)= deficit + maintenance

43
Q

What are crystalloids great for treating?

A

Dehydration

44
Q

What are crystalloids made up of?

A

Water and electrolytes

45
Q

What four conditions is normal saline good for?

A

Hyponatremia, Hypochloremia. metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia

46
Q

What is LRS good for?

A

Rescue of unknown disease and neonates

47
Q

If K is added to a fluid what should you NOT do?

A

bolus it

48
Q

What can rapid infusion of hypertonic saline cause?

A

vagally mediated hypotension and bradycardia

49
Q

What do colloids contain?

A

Large solutes to make more pressure

50
Q

What is oxyglobin good for?

A

Exotic cats and IMHA

51
Q

Dehydration you treat with which fluid?

A

Crystalloids

52
Q

Hypovolemia you treat with which fluid?

A

Crystalloids and Colloids

53
Q

What is the main disease process behind diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Diabetes mellitus

54
Q

What are the clinical signs of DKA?

A 
PU/PD
Lethargy
Inappetence
Vomiting 
Weight Loss
55
Q

In dogs and cats what are the major clinical path signs you will see with DKA?

A

Hyperglycemia. Ketonemia/uria, Anemia,glucoseuria and metabolic acidosis with an increased AG.

56
Q

What are the staples of DKA treatment?

A

IV fluids, insulin therapy, K+ supplementation

57
Q

What is HHS? What are the two main signs?

A

Nonketotic hyperglycemic syndrome, see hyperglycemia and neurologic signs.

58
Q

In an addisons crisis what is the emergency treatment?

A

bolus crystalloids and draw blood for ACTH levels

Critical Care 611 (1 decks)

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