Midterm Flashcards
chronic disease
An ongoing condition or illness
heredity
All the traits that were biologically passed on to you from your parents.
risk behaviors
Actions that can potentially threaten your health or the health of others
abstinence
A deliberate decision to avoid high-risk behaviors, including sexual activity and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
lifestyle factors
The personal habits or behaviors related to the way a person lives.
stress management
Skills that help you reduce and manage your stress.
decision making skills
Steps that enable you to make a healthful decision.
Summarize the goal-setting process. Explain why setting goals is an important health skill for teens.
Time is a consideration when you’re setting goals. You can accomplish a short-term goal fairly quickly. Long-term goals call for more time as well as more planning. To achieve goals you need an action plan (A multi-step strategy to identify and achieve your goals.).These steps include setting a specific, realistic goal and write it down and listing the steps you will take to reach the goal. Identify sources of help and support. and set a reasonable time frame for achieving the goal. Evaluate your progress by establishing checkpoints and lastly reward yourself for achieving your goal.
What are some steps you can take to become a health-literate individual?
A health-literate consumer is aware of these messages and knows how to evaluate them. There are two effective ways to develop your consumer skills when buying health products. You should read product labels and comparison shop before buying. Another great tool for health consumers is comparison shopping. As a health consumer you should apply smart shopping skills to health information and services that you use as well.
Mental/Emotional Health
The ability to accept yourself and others, express and manage emotions, and deal with the demands and challenges you meet in your life.
Resilient
The ability to adapt effectively and recover from disappointment, difficulty, or crisis.
self-esteem
How much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself
Integrity
A firm observance of core ethical values.
Hostility
The intentional use of unfriendly or offensive behavior.
Stressor
Anything that causes stress.
chronic stress
Stress associated with long-term problems that are beyond a person’s control
psychosomatic response
A physical reaction, which results from stress rather than from an injury or illness
wellness
An overall sense of well-being or total health.
anxiety
the condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen
depression
prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness
apathy
a lack of strong feeling, interest, or concern
Mental disorder
An illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.
Anxiety disorder
A condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control.
Alienation
Feeling isolated and separated from everyone else.
How are major depression and mild depression similar? How are they different?
Major depression is when it is intense and can last for weeks or months. Mild or chronic depression has less severe symptoms, but can persist for years. Both depressions are treatable.
How can poor mental health affect, your physical health?
Some mental disorders like Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), can make people feel excessively worried and tense for no reason. They startle easily and have difficulty concentrating, relaxing, and sleeping. Anxiety can make it hard for people to lead normal lives. People with impulse control disorders cannot resist the urge to engage in hurtful behaviors. Some examples of impulse control disorders are: kleptomania which is the uncontrollable urge to steal, self-harm which is when people deliberately injure themselves like cutting or burning the skin or pulling out hair, pyromania which is deliberately setting fires to feel pleasure or release tension, excessive or gambling which is when people continue gambling despite heavy losses even if they feel the desire to stop, and lastly compulsive shopping which is when people uncontrollably spend money on items that they can’t afford and don’t need. Often, their behavior damages or destroys their relationships with friends or family members. Eating disorders can lead to unhealthful weight loss or weight gain and even cause death. People with mood disorders experience extremes of emotion much more severe than the normal highs and lows of daily life.
Prejudice
An unfair opinion or judgment of a particular group of people.
Bullying
Deliberately harming or threatening another person who cannot easily defend himself or herself.
Hazing
Making others perform certain tasks in order to join the group.
Stereotype
Exaggerated or oversimplified beliefs about people who belong to a certain group.
Aggressive
Overly forceful, pushy, or hostile
Domestic violence
Act of violence involving family members
Cycle of violence
Pattern of repeating violent or abusive behaviors from one generation to the next.
Harassment
Persistently annoying others
How can engaging in sexual activity negatively affect a teen’s physical, emotional, and social health?
Sexual activity can result in serious consequences. In some cases, legal consequences. It is illegal for an adult to have sexual contact with someone who is under the age of consent. But even when no laws are being broken, sexual activity can still harm a teen’s physical, mental/emotional, and social health. Other health risks may include unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Teens who become sexually active before they are emotionally mature may experience emotional distress because the partners are not committed to each other as they would be in a marriage. They may also experience loss of self respect because sexual activity may go against their personal values and those of their families. They can feel guilt over concealing their sexual involvement from their parents. And lastly regret and anxiety if sexual activity results in an unplanned pregnancy, an STD, or the breakup of the relationship with the partner. Teen parents face many challenges, such as providing financial and emotional support for their child. Teens who become parents may have to put their own education and career plans on hold. They lose the chance to have a normal adolescence as they have to take on parenthood before they are ready. They have no choice but to take low-paying jobs that offer limited opportunity for future growth.
Nutrients
The process by which your body takes in and uses food.
Calorie
A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food.
Hunger
The natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body’s need for food.
Appetite
The psychological desire for food.
List the 6 nutrients and their specific roles in maintaining your body functions.
•carbohydrates: Starches and sugars found in foods which provide your body’s main source of energy
•proteins: Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues. Protein is the basic building material of all your body cells. Muscles, bones, skin, and internal organs are all constructed of protein. It helps your body grow and will help your body maintain muscles, ligaments, tendons, and all body cells throughout your life.
•fats: Your body needs a certain amount of fat to function properly. Unsaturated Fats can lower your risk of heart disease. Some of the fats that your body needs but cannot produce on its own are called essential fatty acids
^provide energy^
•vitamins: Vitamins perform different functions in the body, and consist of two types. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and pass easily into the bloodstream during digestion. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fat.
•minerals: Your body cannot produce minerals, and must get them from food. One mineral that is especially important to your health is calcium. It promotes bone health. Eating calcium-rich foods helps reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.
•water: Water is in all of your body cells and is essential for most body functions. These include moving food through the digestive system, digesting carbohydrates and protein, and aiding other chemical reactions in the body, transporting nutrients and removing wastes.
storing and releasing heat, cooling the body through perspiration, cushioning the eyes, brain, and spinal cord, and lubricating the joints.
^perform a variety of other bodily functions^
Dietary guidelines for Americans
A set of recommendation about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans.
Nutrient-dense foods
Nutrient-dense foods such as carrots may provide the same number of calories as foods that are not nutrient dense, such as potato chips. By making it a habit to eat more foods such as carrots and fewer potato chips or fast foods, you will get more nutrients out of the same number of calories
Pasteurization
Treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens
Cross-contamination
The spreading of pathogens from one food to another.
Body mass index (BMI)
A measure of body weight relative to height
Weight cycling
A repeated pattern of losing and regaining body weight.
Anorexia nervosa
Avoiding food and meals, eating only a few kinds of food in very small amounts, weighing or counting the calories in everything they eat, exercising excessively, weighing themselves repeatedly
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder that involves cycles of overeating and purging, or attempts to rid the body of food.
Physical fitness
The ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands
Sedentary
Involving little physical activity
List the five elements of fitness
- Cardiorespiratory endurance allows you to run a mile or go on a long hike without tiring. Good cardiorespiratory health also lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Muscular strength is needed for all kinds of activities that put stress on your muscles, such as lifting, pushing, and jumping.
- Muscular endurance gives you the power to carry out daily tasks without fatigue, such as carrying boxes up and down a flight of stairs.
- Flexibility allows you to touch tour toes without bending your legs or put sunscreen on the center of your back. Being flexible can improve your performance in many sports and reduce your risk of muscle strain and other injuries.
- Body composition—the ratio of fat to lean tissue in your body—is also an element of fitness. Having low overall body fat lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease and other health problems.
Aerobic exercise
All rhythmic activities that use large muscle groups for an extended period of time.
Anaerobic exercise
Intense short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen.
How can the four elements of the F.I.T.T. formula help you become fit.
F: Frequency of workouts. Schedule at least three exercises sessions a week, but give your body time to rest between workouts. Include other types of physical activity during the week to get an hour of activity each day.
I: Intensity of workouts. Push yourself hard enough to create overload. For aerobic activities, exercise within your target heart rate range. Check your heart rate during your workout. For strength training, you should feel strain on your muscles, but not pain.
T: Type of activity. Vary your activities throughout the week to build different elements of fitness. If you jog Monday and Wednesday, try lifting weights on Tuesday and Thursday.
Time (duration) of workouts. To build cardiovascular fitness, keep your heart rate within your target range for at least 20 minutes. Strength-training sessions should take 20 to 30 minutes, while flexibility can be increased in just 10 minutes of stretching.
