Midterm Flashcards
When did Ancient Greek culture flourish?
From 1100 BC to 146 BC.
What innovations and contributions to society did the Greeks give?
Foundation of modern day philosophy and democracy. Poetry, art, architecture, and science.
Describe Ancient Greek religion.
Polytheism: the belief in many gods.
1st culture to conceive of gods in their own image.
Orally passed down.
Greek and Roman overlaps.
When did Aristotle live?
386 BC to 322 BC
What was Aristotle’s famous book that described play structure and the nature of art?
Poetics
What play did Aristotle get many of his ideas from?
Many of his ideas of structure based off Oedipus Rex.
Tragedy
“An imitation of an action that is serious, complete & of certain magnitude.”
Goals of Tragedy
Imitates life
Brings out pity and fear
Releases emotions
The plot is more important than the character.
Catharsis
To purge heavy emotion.
Hamartia
A tragic flaw that causes downfall.
Hubris
Excessive pride or arrogance, especially against the gods.
Peripetia
Moment of reversal
Anagnorisis
Moment of recognition
Prologue
The opening that precedes the first song, introduces conflict
Episodes
Sections of a play between choral ode, progress action of narritive
Strophe
Chanting of chorus moves to left
Antistrophe
Chanting of Chorus moves to right
Ode
A long serious poem, a song of praise sung by the chorus
Inciting moment
Initial conflict that sparks the action
In Oedipus: The plague
Exposition
Background of themes and characters etc.
In Oedipus: Oedipus solved the riddle and is king. Oracle tells Creon the town must either kill or banish Laius’s murderer. One witness saw a band of thieves kill him.
Rising action
Increases tension or uncertainty dealing with the conflict.
In Oedipus: Tiresias claims that Oedipus is the killer. Oedipus accuses Creon. Jocasta describes Laius’s death at three highways and sends for the shepherd (witness)
Complication
Between rising action and climax
Messenger tells Oedipus that Polybus is dead and was never his real father. Jocasta pleads with Oedipus to stop questioning.
Climax
Moment if greatest tension, uncertainty, or audience involvement.
Oedipus talks to the shepherd who begins to reveal information about Oedipus’s birth and abandonment.
Reversal
Turning point (peripeteia)
Oedipus comes to anagnorisis and realizes what he did.
Falling action
Earlier tragic force causes the fall of the hero
Jocasta cries out “Laius!” and cannot believe what she did. Oedipus calls for a weapon, leading to believe that he would kill her.
Catastrophe
Spirals outward and is at the lowest point
Jocasta kills herself and Oedipus stabs his eyes.
Resolution
Moment of last suspense
Oedipus banished and Creon becomes king.
Allegory
An extended use of symbolism where characters, objects, and events all stand for larger, connected ideas outside the book
Religious Allegory in LOTF
Simon represents Jesus.
The encounter with the Lord of the Flies is “Satan and Jesus” where Satan is tempting him. He is sacrificed.
Ralph (Social Allegory)
Order, civilization, leadership
Piggy (Social Allegory)
Technology, Science, Intelligence
Jack (Social Allegory)
Savagery
Simon (Social Allegory)
Spirituality, Human Goodness
Social Allegory in LOTF
When savagery overpowers civilization and rationality, the world devolves into chaos.
Human goodness cannot survive in a world where savagery reigns over civilization.
Technology has the capacity to be used for good and for evil.
Political Allegory in LOTF
WWII
The initial civility of the boys represents the civilized countries before they resulted to violence and savagery.
WWII ends with a bomb, LOTF ends with fire.
Allusion
A literary reference.
Allusion in LOTF
References to the “bomb.”
When did William Golding live?
1911-1993
Where was William Golding from?
Great Britian
When was LOTF published?
1954
What is LOTF a parody of?
The Coral Island
When was WWII?
1939-1945
Direct Characterization
Author specifically tells reader of a personality trait.
Indirect characterization and types
Author SHOWS what the character is like. Speech Thoughts Effects on Others Actions Looks
Symbols
Objects, figures, colors, images, or characters used to represent something else.
Conch Shell Symbolism
Democracy, order
War Paint Symbolism
Savagery
Lord of the Flies (pig head) Symbolism
Human capacity for evil
Scar Symbolism
the civilization of their past life
Piggy’s Glasses Symbolism
Rationality, Seeing the world clearly
Fire Symbolism
Civilization
Beastie Symbolism
Themselves
Theme
A universal message that a work communicates
Themes in Lord of the flies
Fear brings out the beast in everyone. Evil can take many forms. Innocence is lost through experience. The more you are surrounded by death, the less it affects you. Groups have more power than individuals.
When did John Steinbeck live?
1902-1968
Where did John Steinbeck grow up?
Salinas, California
When was Of Mice and Men published>
1937
Setting of OMAM
Salinas and Soledad California
Great depression
Migrant Workers
Bindle (OMAM slang)
Bundle of hay carried on one’s back
Candy Wagon (OMAM slang)
bus
Flop (OMAM slang)
sexual encounter
Graybacks (OMAM slang)
lice
Hoosegow (OMAM slang)
prison
Looloo (OMAM slang)
attractive woman
Snooker (OMAM slang)
Billards, pool
Euchre (OMAM slang)
card game