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X-ray Positioning > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The guidelines for gonadal shielding include ALL BUT:

A

Whenever the state inspectors show up at your office.

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2
Q

The “ten day rule” for females of child bearing age refers to performing non-emergency abdominal pelvic X-ray _____

A

During the 10 days after the ONSET of menstruation

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3
Q

The feet must be internally rotated 15 degrees on the AP lumbopelvic projections to achieve which of the following

A

True AP projection of the proximal femur

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4
Q

The AP lumbar projection should demonstrate

A

Segmental anatomy T12 to sacroiliac joints

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5
Q

When choosing technical factors for radiographic projections it is important to consider this to avoid blue due to motion

A

Choose high mA, short exposure time

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6
Q

The central ray for the lateral lumbosacral view is located horizontally & vertically at the ____ and ____.

A

Top of iliac crest and top of iliac crest

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7
Q

The most effective radiation protection device in the chiropractic X-ray area is:

A

Gonadal shield

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8
Q

As demonstrated in lab, careful measurement of each patient spinal setup is necessary for:

A

Choosing the proper mAs

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9
Q

In order to best visualize the thoracic vertebrae of a patient with a significant scoliosis:

A

the convexity should be closest to the film on the lateral view

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10
Q

The purpose of the radiographic grid is to

A

Increase contrast on the film

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11
Q

Which of the following are ways to reduce the radiation dose to the patient

A

Fast film/screen combination; Collimation as close as possible; The use of gonadal shielding.

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12
Q

The breathing instructions are important in the thoracic and lumbar projections because it:

A

Allows proper density above and below the diaphragm

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13
Q

The maximum energy of any photon in any X-ray beam is equal to which of the following:

A

The kVp set on the console

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14
Q

The lateral lumbosacral view should visualize all of the following except:

A

Pubic symphysis

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15
Q

To maintain constant radiographic density on a film, if the SID is cut in half, the technical factors must be adjusted in this way:

A

Decreasing the mAs to 1/4 the original

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16
Q

The measurement of the AP lumbopelvic projection is made:

A

At the level of the ASIS

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17
Q

The IVF’s in the lumbar spine are visualized on this projection:

A

Lateral lumbar

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18
Q

The intensifying screen is located within a:

A

Grid

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19
Q

The fxn of a filter is to _____?

A

Remove softer X-rays

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20
Q

Which of the following is in the correct order from the least radiopaque to the most—?

A

Air, fat, water, bone, metal

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21
Q

Xray photon production occurs at the:

A

Anode

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22
Q

The lead protective housing controls leakage and scatter radiation through ___.

A

Absorption

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23
Q

According to the anode heel effect, the radiation intensity is ____.

A

Greater on the cathode side.

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24
Q

A Davis Series refers to the following series of radiographs:

A

Cervical

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25
Q

Gonadal shielding should be used on the male patient for which of the following exams:

A

Pelvis, Adbomen, Femur

all 3

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26
Q

In order to ensure adequate radiation protection, a quality control program includes checks on which of the following radiographic equipment conditions?

A

Reproducibility, linearity, positive beam limitation

all 3

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27
Q

Which of the following illustrates the Inverse Square Law?

A

That distance is a most effective protection from radiation; & as distance from the radiation source increases, radiation decreases

28
Q

The purpose of the swimmers view is to visualize:

A

Lower cervicothoracic jxn

29
Q

Poor screen-film contact can be caused by which?

A

Damaged casette frame; Foreign body in cassette; Warped cassette front
(all 3)

30
Q

Radiographic accessories include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Automatic collimation

31
Q

The spinning top test can be used to evaluate:

A

Timer accuracy

32
Q

All of the following devices may be located on the typical X-ray unit control panel EXCEPT

A

Rectifier

33
Q

What is the minimum total amount of filtration (inherent plus added) required in the normal diagnostic X-ray machine

A

2.5 mm Al equivalent

34
Q

The two arrows are pointing toward?

A

The cassette vertical locks.

35
Q

What is the advantage of taking an A-P zumbopelviv P-A (especially if you have a large patient)?

A

Compressing the pendulosity

36
Q

Why must you take the flexion/extension views at the same SID that you take lat cervical views?

A

So you can compare structures evenly film to film

37
Q

What is the preferred SID for neutral lateral cervical?

A

72 Inches

38
Q

Is 40 inches acceptable for neutral lat cervicals?

A

Yes - when 72 inches is not available

39
Q

Purpose of swimmers view?

A

Xray larger patients for cervicals

40
Q

Using the swimmers view, how do you move the shoulders out of the way?

A

Sandbags

41
Q

Where does your mAs level come from? (how is it determined?)

A

Measuring the patient

42
Q

Guideline for gonadal shielding?

A

Use if gonads between 5cm from edge of film; childbearing potential; whenever child won’t obstruct the view.

43
Q

Where is the central ray for the swimmers view?

A

Sternal notch

44
Q

What type of bucky is used in most chiropractic offices?

A

8:1

45
Q

Purpose of breathing instructions?

A

Maintain a constant radiographic density

46
Q

What do we use the lateral lumbar view for?

A

Scotty dog

47
Q

Where does the Central Ray go for lat flexion and extension?

A

C4

48
Q

Wheres the central ray for cervical oblique?

A

C4

49
Q

Wheres the CR for an A-P open mouth?

A

Uvula or C1

50
Q

CR for lat lumbar?

A

Top of the iliac crest

51
Q

CR for A-P Lumbopelvic?

A

Level of ASIS

52
Q

What is the most important structure to clear on A-P open mouth?

A

Teeth

53
Q

For every 5* of tube tilt you must move?

A

1” towards the film

54
Q

Female gonadal shield is made of?

A

Copper and Aluminum

55
Q

How much of the beam does a female gonadal shield absorb?

A

60%

56
Q

What provides the penetrating power of the beam?

A

kVp

57
Q

Where do you measure A-P on the pelvis?

A

Fattest part of the abdomen or level of ASIS

58
Q

Where do you measure for swimmers view?

A

C6

59
Q

What is the scatter called that affects speed and penetrating power of beam?

A

Quantum mottle

60
Q

Best collimation for any film?

A

As far as you can without cutting off the anatomy you want to view

61
Q

What is the legal requirement for collimation?

A

1” in on 3 sides

62
Q

Must you collimate out eyes on neutral lat cervical?

A

Yes

63
Q

Swimmers view can be done standing: T/F

A

True

64
Q

Georges line is?

A

Posterior spinal line

65
Q

Interruption in Georges line indicates?

A

Ligament instability

X-ray Positioning (2 decks)

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