Midterm Flashcards
The guidelines for gonadal shielding include ALL BUT:
Whenever the state inspectors show up at your office.
The “ten day rule” for females of child bearing age refers to performing non-emergency abdominal pelvic X-ray _____
During the 10 days after the ONSET of menstruation
The feet must be internally rotated 15 degrees on the AP lumbopelvic projections to achieve which of the following
True AP projection of the proximal femur
The AP lumbar projection should demonstrate
Segmental anatomy T12 to sacroiliac joints
When choosing technical factors for radiographic projections it is important to consider this to avoid blue due to motion
Choose high mA, short exposure time
The central ray for the lateral lumbosacral view is located horizontally & vertically at the ____ and ____.
Top of iliac crest and top of iliac crest
The most effective radiation protection device in the chiropractic X-ray area is:
Gonadal shield
As demonstrated in lab, careful measurement of each patient spinal setup is necessary for:
Choosing the proper mAs
In order to best visualize the thoracic vertebrae of a patient with a significant scoliosis:
the convexity should be closest to the film on the lateral view
The purpose of the radiographic grid is to
Increase contrast on the film
Which of the following are ways to reduce the radiation dose to the patient
Fast film/screen combination; Collimation as close as possible; The use of gonadal shielding.
The breathing instructions are important in the thoracic and lumbar projections because it:
Allows proper density above and below the diaphragm
The maximum energy of any photon in any X-ray beam is equal to which of the following:
The kVp set on the console
The lateral lumbosacral view should visualize all of the following except:
Pubic symphysis
To maintain constant radiographic density on a film, if the SID is cut in half, the technical factors must be adjusted in this way:
Decreasing the mAs to 1/4 the original
The measurement of the AP lumbopelvic projection is made:
At the level of the ASIS
The IVF’s in the lumbar spine are visualized on this projection:
Lateral lumbar
The intensifying screen is located within a:
Grid
The fxn of a filter is to _____?
Remove softer X-rays
Which of the following is in the correct order from the least radiopaque to the most—?
Air, fat, water, bone, metal
Xray photon production occurs at the:
Anode
The lead protective housing controls leakage and scatter radiation through ___.
Absorption
According to the anode heel effect, the radiation intensity is ____.
Greater on the cathode side.
A Davis Series refers to the following series of radiographs:
Cervical
Gonadal shielding should be used on the male patient for which of the following exams:
Pelvis, Adbomen, Femur
all 3
In order to ensure adequate radiation protection, a quality control program includes checks on which of the following radiographic equipment conditions?
Reproducibility, linearity, positive beam limitation
all 3
Which of the following illustrates the Inverse Square Law?
That distance is a most effective protection from radiation; & as distance from the radiation source increases, radiation decreases
The purpose of the swimmers view is to visualize:
Lower cervicothoracic jxn
Poor screen-film contact can be caused by which?
Damaged casette frame; Foreign body in cassette; Warped cassette front
(all 3)
Radiographic accessories include all of the following EXCEPT:
Automatic collimation
The spinning top test can be used to evaluate:
Timer accuracy
All of the following devices may be located on the typical X-ray unit control panel EXCEPT
Rectifier
What is the minimum total amount of filtration (inherent plus added) required in the normal diagnostic X-ray machine
2.5 mm Al equivalent
The two arrows are pointing toward?
The cassette vertical locks.
What is the advantage of taking an A-P zumbopelviv P-A (especially if you have a large patient)?
Compressing the pendulosity
Why must you take the flexion/extension views at the same SID that you take lat cervical views?
So you can compare structures evenly film to film
What is the preferred SID for neutral lateral cervical?
72 Inches
Is 40 inches acceptable for neutral lat cervicals?
Yes - when 72 inches is not available
Purpose of swimmers view?
Xray larger patients for cervicals
Using the swimmers view, how do you move the shoulders out of the way?
Sandbags
Where does your mAs level come from? (how is it determined?)
Measuring the patient
Guideline for gonadal shielding?
Use if gonads between 5cm from edge of film; childbearing potential; whenever child won’t obstruct the view.
Where is the central ray for the swimmers view?
Sternal notch
What type of bucky is used in most chiropractic offices?
8:1
Purpose of breathing instructions?
Maintain a constant radiographic density
What do we use the lateral lumbar view for?
Scotty dog
Where does the Central Ray go for lat flexion and extension?
C4
Wheres the central ray for cervical oblique?
C4
Wheres the CR for an A-P open mouth?
Uvula or C1
CR for lat lumbar?
Top of the iliac crest
CR for A-P Lumbopelvic?
Level of ASIS
What is the most important structure to clear on A-P open mouth?
Teeth
For every 5* of tube tilt you must move?
1” towards the film
Female gonadal shield is made of?
Copper and Aluminum
How much of the beam does a female gonadal shield absorb?
60%
What provides the penetrating power of the beam?
kVp
Where do you measure A-P on the pelvis?
Fattest part of the abdomen or level of ASIS
Where do you measure for swimmers view?
C6
What is the scatter called that affects speed and penetrating power of beam?
Quantum mottle
Best collimation for any film?
As far as you can without cutting off the anatomy you want to view
What is the legal requirement for collimation?
1” in on 3 sides
Must you collimate out eyes on neutral lat cervical?
Yes
Swimmers view can be done standing: T/F
True
Georges line is?
Posterior spinal line
Interruption in Georges line indicates?
Ligament instability
