Midterm Flashcards
Jazz originated in blends of popular music, light classical music, and…
folk music
Creoles of color had ancestry that was…
part african part french
What language did creoles of color speak?
French
Blues revived from what?
field hollers
When brass and reed players played jazz, they imitated the scoops and drops of pitch used by
blues singers
In addition to brass instruments and percussion instruments, early Louisiana brass band also included a….
clarinet
What ia ragtime?
music that was put together like a military march
Why doesn’t ragtime qualify as jazz style?
it lacked swing feeling
What was the prostitution district in new orleans?
Storyville
Early jazz musicians cons constructed their repertory primarily to…
accompany dances
Why is the “party” atmosphere such a large contributor to the development of jazz?
it provided a demand for live music
What did louis armstrong primarily play?
trumpet
What is one of the ways early jazz differs from its ragtime, blues and brass band roots?
in early jazz, the performance was improvised
Earl hynes’ instrument was the…
piano
Who is the first “cool jazz” musician?
Bix Biderbecke
Who were the most influential trumpeters of the 1920s?
louis armstrong and bix biderbecke
What were the first jazz recordings made by?
The original dixieland jazz band
What was fats waller’s primary instrument?
piano
Where was New Orleans jazz recorded in first?
Chicago and New York
What did the trumpet play in collective improvisation?
the melody
What was jelly roll morton’s instrument?
piano
What is one thing about Louis armstrong?
He popularized scat singing
Who was called the “father” of stride piano?
James P. Johnson
Where were Louis Armstrong and Jelly Roll Morton from?
New orleans
What musician bridged the gap between ragtime and jazz piano, record well-organized solos with horn-like lines, balanced composition with improvisation and was the first important jazz composer?
Jelly Roll Morton
True or False: Ride rhythms are usually played on a suspended cymbal?
TRUE
True or false: In addition to being a timekeeper, the jazz drummer also acts as a colorist
TRUE
True or false: Each new jazz style tended to make the previous ones obsolete
FALSE
True or false: Performances must be completely improvised to be jazz
FALSE
What cymbal are ride rhythms usually played on?
Suspended cymbal
What are the two aspects that almost all jazz styles have in common?
Swing feeling and improvisation
What is the instrument that closes with a “chick” sound?
high-hat
What technique involves playing the piano in a syncopated manner?
comping
What normally is the beginning of a routine for jazz musicians?
Playing a tune they all know
What hand does the drummer use to play the snare drum?
Left
What is the technique when the bassist plucks a string once per beat?
walking
What is one complete progression of accompaniment chords?
chorus
What makes up the rhythm section?
bass, drums, and chording instrument
What is a bridge?
the B part of an AABA composition
What is the AABA composition?
sequence to structure many popular songs
What was the big deal with Kansas City, Kansas?
There was a huge demand for music
What is a riff?
A short, repetitive, melodic rhythm
What was the Count basie band?
william basie started a band that played KC style of jazz
What did coleman hawking play?
tenor sax
What did lester young play?
tenor sax
What did art tatum and teddie wilson play?
piano
What did roy eldridge play?
trumpet
What was Duke ellington especially good at?
composing and arranging music (played piano)
What was the cotton club?
all black entertainment, all white clientele
Who was the father of the tenor sax?
lester young
What did duke ellington play?
piano
What did bennie goodman play?
clarinet
What did louis armstrong play?
trumpet
What are riffs sometimes used as?
background figures
Who was the longest lasting big band musician?
duke ellington
How many sections in a big band
3: reid, brass, and rhythm
One way that swing differs from early jazz
Collective improvisation was rare in swing
Three categories of instruments for big bands
Brass, sax phone, and rhythm section
What is call and response?
A compositional technique in which one section states a theme as a question and another section states another theme to answer it
What is rhythm guitar style?
Guitarist strumming one chord on each beat
The rhythm section ordinarily contained what? (For big bands)
Piano, guitar, bass and drums
Roy Eldridge bridged the gap between the style of..
Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie
Roy Eldridge demonstrated..
Long sinewy lines were possible on the trumpet
Who was considered to be the first important jazz tenor saxophonist?
Coleman Hawkins
Coleman Hawkins is considered primarily as a ________ than a melodic improviser
A harmonic improviser
two artists associated with Kansas City Jazz
Count Basie and Lester Young
What are head arrangements?
Band arrangements created “off the top of someone’s head”. Never written down
“Taxis War Dance” is an example of what arrangement?
Head arrangement
Who was in Basie’a first rhythm section?
Basie (piano) Freddy Green (rhythm guitar) Walter Page (string bass) Jo Jones (drums)
Some special qualities of the Basie Rhythm Section are..
Sense of tempo, quiet relaxed playing, buoyancy rather than intensity
Bassist Walter Page contributed…
Even beats
Freddie Green contributed..
Coordination with brass and drums
Jo Jones contributed
Quite bass drum
The Basie rhythm section was well…
Balanced
Coleman Hawkins would be “chugging”, compared to Lester Young who was said to be..
“floating”
The opposite of Coleman Hawkins is
Lester Young
Sax player who is a model for “cool jazz”
Lester Young
How would you describe Kansas City jazz?
Lighter and with two styles: blues and riff
Brass section is made up of..
Trumpets and trombones
Duke Ellingon was a.. (3 things)
Bandleader, pianist and composer
Duke Ellington wrote portraits and pictures of..
Famous personalities and pictures of places
Duke Ellington is widely acclaimed for having taken jazz into the format of..
Extended works
Duke Ellington had two composition techniques
Voicing across sections and wordless vocal
Important big bands were led by three people:
Duke Ellington (P), Count Basie (P), and Benny Goodman(C)
Basie’s rhythm section played..
Lightly and swung with ease
Roy Eldridge paved the way for ______ by improvising fiery, saxophone-like lines
Dizzy Gillespie
Art Tatum possessed phenomenal..
Speed
Art Tatum was known for..
spontaneously changing and adding chords in pop tune accompaniments and adding creating rhythmic surprises
Mary Lou Williams was a ____ pianist who mastered many styles
Versatile. And created arrangements for many others.
One of the most important functions for swing bands of the 30’s and 40’s was to…
Provide dance music
Big band style does not necessarily mean…
swing style
