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Origins of Civilization > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Process of hierarchical ranking in society

A

Stratification

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2
Q

Group consensus, community comes together to discuss/argue over decisions until everyone is on board, no one has the right to decide for others

A

Egalitarian

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3
Q

Has a leader, decides for others, classes

A

Hierarchial

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4
Q

What 3 things determine status?

A

kinship, rank, class

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5
Q

Generally hunting and gathering subsistence, roles in society determined by gender and age

A

Bands

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6
Q

Social measures in place to maintain equality among the community

A

Social leveling

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7
Q

Generally egalitarian with a leader, kinship no longer the only social bond

A

Tribes

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8
Q

Headman is a charismatic leader, role is to keep the community running through personality

A

Big Man Society

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9
Q

One recognized leader of community or group of communities

A

Chiefdom

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10
Q

Centralized rulership with coercive power/ force over an area

A

State

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11
Q

What are the major waterways in Mesopotamia?

A

Euphrates and Tigris

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12
Q

A site where we could see the evolution of temples

A

Eridu (site)

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13
Q

Earliest state society, importance of trade networks for wealth of the city, had the Anu Ziggurat

A

Uruk (site)

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14
Q

Largest city in the world from 2030-1980 BC, founded in the Ubaid period

A

Ur (site)

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15
Q

What was important during the Ubaid period?

A

Agriculturally dependent, temples appear, canal irrigation

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16
Q

What was important during the Uruk period?

A

Origins of states and urban cities, fortification, mass production of goods

17
Q

What was important during the Early Dynastic period?

A

Passing of power to the next generation, metal tools, increased warfare, writing traces kings and dynasties

18
Q

What was important during the Akkadian Period?

A

Unification of the four regions, change from Sumerian language to Kish

19
Q

What was important during Ur III?

A

Early starts of an empire, revival of Sumerian culture

20
Q

What was important during the Babylonian?

A

Hammurabi rule, founded during the reign of king Sargon

21
Q

Why was the Nile important to Egyptians?

A

Provided a food source, transportation, flooding left fertile deposits

22
Q

Why was agriculture slow in Egyptian civlization?

A

Natural environment was rich in resources

23
Q

What was important during the Predynastic period? (Egypt)

A

Upper and Lower Egypt were separate, Neolithic occupation

24
Q

What did the pharaoh do?

A

Ruled over Egypt, gave people land to rule

25
Q

Dynastic rule follows unification, pyramids appear as tombs for kings, social stratification

A

Old Kingdom

26
Q

What was important during the First Intermediate?

A

Collapse of central government, severe drought, regional governors establish power and rule among regions, end of pyramids

27
Q

Built as monumental tombs for kings, designed to connect the spirits of the king to the heavens and the suns

A

Great Pyramids of Giza

28
Q

What happened during the Middle Kingdom?

A

Period of calm after civil unrest, less reliance on the lower class, extension of trade routes, unification

29
Q

What happened during the Second Intermediate?

A

Intrusion of the Hyskos, push Hyskos out of power

30
Q

What happened during the New Kingdom?

A

Period of pharaohs with extensive power, Egypt begins empiric expansion and consolidation, period of prosperity and growth

31
Q

Principal burial ground of New Kingdom nobility/ royalty, Mostly looted

A

Valley of the Kings

32
Q

What happened during the Third Intermediate?

A

Theban rule falls, Egyptian civilization never returns to what it was, fracturing kingship

33
Q

Technologically and architecturally complex stone construction, didn’t believe that it was built by the indigenous people, place where trade was popular

A

Great Zimbabwe

34
Q

What are the major waterways in Mesopotamia?

A

Tigris and Euphrates

35
Q

Why is Mesopotamia the cradle of civilization?

A

Provided rich soil for agriculture

36
Q

What were the early forms of Mesopotamian religion and rule?

A

Went from bigman to state

Origins of Civilization (4 decks)

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