Midterm

Question 1

Archaeology

Answer 1

the study of past peoples through the analysis of their material culture

Question 2

history of archeology

Answer 2

finding things vs finding things out

Question 3

culture history year

Answer 3

1900s

Question 4

cultural materialism/ecology year

Answer 4

1950s

Question 5

the new archaeology year

Answer 5

1960s

Question 6

post-processual archaeology year

Answer 6

1980s

Question 7

Culture History

Answer 7

map out culture across space and through time

diffusion/transmission to explain similarity and change

Question 8

Cultural Materialism/Ecology

Answer 8

Similarity and change as adaptation to the environment

Question 9

New archaeology

Answer 9

Arch as a science: use evidence to test hypotheses

build generalizable laws of human behavior

Question 10

post-processual archaeology

Answer 10

post positivist: the past is not a laboratory

focus on interpretation

Question 11

Artifact

Answer 11

an object used made or modified by people

portable

Question 12

ecofact

Answer 12

organic and environmental remains

not technologically altered, but still of cultural relevance

Question 13

feature

Answer 13

non portable human made or modified objects

Question 14

site

Answer 14

a concentration of artifacts ecofacts, features

Question 15

landscape

Answer 15

connections between sites

connections between the natural environment and human modifications/additions to it

necessarily broad in scale

Question 16

terminus post quem

Answer 16

date after which a deposit formed

Question 17

terminus ante quem

Answer 17

date before which a deposit formed

Question 18

stylistic seriation

Answer 18

build an artifact sequence by creating categories then arranging them through time

Question 19

frequency seriation

Answer 19

build a site/deposit sequence by tabulating frequency of artifact categories

Question 20

historical chronology

Answer 20

present - 4,000 bc

Question 21

radiocarbon

Answer 21

organic material

400-50,000 years ago

Question 22

potassium argon

Answer 22

volcanic rock

80,000-5,000,000 years ago

Question 23

dendochronology

Answer 23

wood

present - 10,000 years ago

Question 24

microbotanicals

Answer 24

pollen
phytoliths
diatoms

Question 25

macrobotanicals

Answer 25

seeds
fruit pits
wood

Question 26

microfauna

Answer 26

insects

little animals

Question 27

macrofauna

Answer 27

big animals

Question 28

sex

Answer 28

pelvis

bone

Question 29

age

Answer 29

cranial sutures
erupted teeth
epiphyseal fusion

Question 30

Geographic Information Systems GIS

Answer 30

computer-based system to obtain, store, manage, manipulate, analyze, display, and distribute spatial information

Question 31

composed of data layers -GIS

Answer 31

raster data

vector data

Question 32

cost surface analysis

Answer 32

calculate most efficient path between two points

Question 33

catchment analysis

Answer 33

calculate likely extent of resource acquisition

Question 34

predictive modeling

Answer 34

predict location of new sites based on attributes of known sites

Question 35

density analysis

Answer 35

interpolate artifact distribution

Question 36

cut fill analysis

Answer 36

compare historic typographical maps to determine landscape change

Question 37

viewshed analysis

Answer 37

determine what can be seen from a particular vantage point

Question 38

3D modeling – capturing data

Answer 38

total station/gps
laser scanning
photgrammetry

Question 39

uses

Answer 39

data recording
restoration
virtual excavation 
sub-surface modeling
immersive experience