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Intro to Sociology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who coined the term sociology

A

Comete

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2
Q

Term used to describe an approach to the study of society that relies specifically on scientific evidence, such as experiments and statistics, to reveal a true nature of how society operates

A

Positivism

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3
Q

Statement of how and why things are related

A

Theory

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4
Q

Macro look of society which is a system made up of many parts working together to promote stability

A

Structural functionalism

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5
Q

Macro look at society that says society is an arena for social inequality and generates change. Who benefits?

A

Social conflict

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6
Q

Micro look at society that say it’s product of everyday interactions of individuals.

A

Symbolic interactionism

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7
Q

Societies entire way of life. ( values, beliefs, behavior)

A

Culture

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8
Q

Community of people living in a certain area that shares valued, norms, and beliefs

A

Society

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9
Q

Standards expected to be followed in a community or society

A

Norm

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10
Q

Broad guidelines for social living,

A

Values

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11
Q

Disorientation due to the inability to make sense out of a familiar way of life

A

Culture shock

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12
Q

Culture patterns that set apart some segment of societies population

A

Subculture

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13
Q

Culture patterns that strongly opposed those widely accepted within a society

A

Counter culture

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14
Q

Used to describe a sub culture shared by the elite in a society

A

High culture

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15
Q

Shared values, ideas, and attitudes within the main stream of a given culture

A

Pop culture

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16
Q

Culture includes a wide range of physical human creations and artifacts

A

Material culture

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17
Q

The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society

A

Non material

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18
Q

Practice of judging another culture by the standards of another culture

A

Ethnocentrism

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19
Q

Practice of judging a culture by its own standards

A

Cultural relativism

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20
Q

Evidence based off experience or observation

A

Empirical evidence

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21
Q

Consistency in measurement

A

Reliability

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22
Q

Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure

A

Validity

23
Q

Variable that causes the change

A

Independent

24
Q

Variable that changes

A

Dependent variable

25
Q

Weber said this kind of dispassionate and detached is what kind of research

A

Value free

26
Q

Research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions

A

Experiment

27
Q

Unverified statement of a relationship between variables; educated guess

A

Test hypothesis

28
Q

A method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or interview

A

Survey research

29
Q

A series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects

A

Questionnaire

30
Q

A series of questions a researcher asks respondents in person

A

Interview

31
Q

A research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities

A

Participant observation

32
Q

Using participant observation to study other societies

A

Fieldwork

33
Q

Systematic study of human behavior

A

Sociology

34
Q

Changes that occur as a society gains new technology

A

Sociocultural evolution

35
Q

Review Leneski’s 5 types of societies

A 
Hunting and gathering
Horticultural and Pastoral
Agrarian
Industrial societies
Postindustrial societies
36
Q

This person studied social conflict and believed that the economy was what caused it

A

Karl Marx

37
Q

A way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter of fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task

A

Rationality

38
Q

The growth of large rational organizations

A

Bureaucracy

39
Q

This person focused on rationality, bureaucracy in social organizations, and Calvinism

A

Max Weber

40
Q

Condition in which society provides little moral guidance for individuals

A

Anomie

41
Q

Warned of anomie, specialized economic activity, and expanding division of labor.

A

Emile Durkheim

42
Q

The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

A

Socialization

43
Q

A persons fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling

A

Personality

44
Q

People whose bodies have both female and make characteristics

A

Intersexuals

45
Q

People who feel they are one sex even though biologically they are other

A

Transsexual

46
Q

The recognized violation of cultural norms

A

Deviance

47
Q

A powerful negative label that greatly changes a persons self concept and social identity

A

Stigma

48
Q

The idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those action

A

Labeling theory

49
Q

The attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment

A

Deterrence

50
Q

An act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the crime

A

Retribution

51
Q

Rendering a offender through permanent imprisonment or execution

A

Societal protection

52
Q

A program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses

A

Rehabilitation

53
Q

A persons tendency toward conformity or deviance depends on the amount of contact with others who encourage or reject conventional behavior

A

Differential association theory

54
Q

Social control depends on people anticipating the consequences of their behavior

A

Control theory

Intro to Sociology (1 decks)

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