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PSC 465 midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

5 criteria for a democratic process

A
  1. effective participation
  2. equality in voting
  3. gaining enlightened understanding
  4. exercising final control over the agenda
  5. Inclusion of adults
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2
Q

effective participation

A

equal and effective opportunities for making their views known to the other members as to what the policy should be

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3
Q

Equality in Voting

A

equal and effective opportunity to vote, and all votes must be counted as equal

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4
Q

Gaining Enlightened Understanding

A

with in reasonable limits as to time, each member must have equal and effective opportunities for learning about the relevant alternative policies and their likely consequences
inquiry, discussion and deliberation

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5
Q

exercising final control over the agenda

A

the members must have the exclusive opportunity how how and, if they choose, what matters are to be placed on the agenda

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6
Q

Inclusion of Adults

A

all adult permanent residence should have the full rights of citizens that are implied by the first 4 criteria

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7
Q

why the criteria

A

it is necessary if all members are to be politically equal in in determining the policies of the association

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8
Q

10 desirable consequences

A
  1. avoiding tyranny
  2. essential rights
    3.general freedom
  3. self determination
  4. moral autonomy
  5. human development
  6. protecting essential personal interest
  7. political equality
    Modern democracies:
  8. peace- seeking
  9. prosperity
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9
Q

Principles of justification for classical democracy

A

Citizens should enjoy political equality in order to be free to rule and be ruled in turn

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10
Q

Key features of classical democracy

A

Direct participation of citizens and legislative and judicial functions

Assembly of citizens has sovereign power

The scope of sovereign power to include all the common affairs of the city

Multiple methods of selection of candidates for public office

No distinctions of privilege to differentiate ordinary Citizens and public officials

The same office not to be held more than twice by the same individual

Short terms of office for all

Payment for public services

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11
Q

General condition of classical democracy

A

Small city state with agricultural hinterland

Slave economy crating free time for citizens

Domestic service, that is, the labor of women, freeing men for public duties

Restriction of citizenship to relatively small numbers

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12
Q

Principle of justification for protective republicanism

A

Political participation is an essential condition of personal liberty, it citizens do not rule themselves, they will be dominated by others

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13
Q

Key features of protective republicanism

A

Balance of power between the people, aristocracy and the monarchy linked to a mix constitution or mixed government, with provision for all leading political forces to play an active role in public life

Cytisine participation achieved via different possible mechanisms including election of consuls or representative to serve on ruling councils

Competing social groups promoting and offending their interest

Liberties of speech, expression and association

Rule of law

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14
Q

General conditions of protective republicanism

A

Small city community

Maintenance of religious worship

Society of independent artisans and traders

Exclusion of women, laborers and dependents in politics

Intensive conflict among rival political association

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15
Q

Principles of justification for developmental republicanism

A

Citizens must enjoy a political and economic equality in order that nobody can be master of another and all can enjoy equal freedom and development in the process of self determination for the common good

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16
Q

Key features of developmental republicanism

A

Division of legislative and executive functions

The direct participation of citizens in public meetings to constitute the legislature

Unanimity on public issue is desirable, but voting provisions with majority rule in the event of disagreement

Executive positions in the hands of magistrate or a minute administrators

Executive appointed either by direct election or By lot

17
Q

General conditions of developmental republicanism

A

Small, non-industrial community

Diffusion of ownership of property among the many. Citizenship depends on property holding. Example: a society of independent producers

Domestic service of women to free men for nondomestic work and politics

18
Q

Principle of justification for protective democracy

A

Citizens require protection from the governors as well as from each other to ensure that those who govern pursue policies that are commensurate with citizens interest as a whole

19
Q

Key features of protective democracy

A

Sovereignty ultimately lives in the people, but is vested in representatives who can legitimately exercise state functions

Regular elections, the secret ballot, competition between factions, potential leaders or parties, and majority rule are the institutional bases for establishing the accountability of those who govern

State powers must be impersonal. Example legally s circumscribed, and divided among the executive, the legislature in the judiciary

Centrality of constitutionalism to guarantee freedom from arbitrary treatment and equality before the law in the form of political and civil rights or liberties, above all those connected to freedom of speech, expression, Association, voting and belief

Separation of state from civil society

20
Q

General conditions a protective democracy

A

Development of a politically autonomous civil society

Private ownership of the means of production

Competitive market economy

Patriarchal family

Extended territorial reach of the nationstate

21
Q

Principles of justification for Developmental democracy

A

Participation in political life is necessary not only for the protection of individuals interests but also for the creation of an informed, committed and developing citizenry. Political involvement is essential to the highest and harmonious expansion of individual capacities

22
Q

Key features of developmental democracy

A

Popular sovereignty with a universal franchise

Representative government

Constitutional checks to secure a limitations on, and divisions in, state power and ensure the promotion of individual rights, above all those connected with the freedoms of thought, feeling, taste, discussion, publication, combination and the pursuit of individually chosen life plans

Clear demarcation of parliamentary assembly from public bureaucracy

Citizen involvement in the different branches of government through the vote, intensive participation and local government, public debates and jury service

23
Q

General conditions of developmental democracy

A

Independent civil society with minimum state interference

Competitive market economy

Private possession and control of the means of production alongside experiments with the community or cooperative forms of ownership

Political emancipation of women, but preservation in general traditional domestic division of labor

System of Nationstates with developed relations among states

24
Q

Direct democracy and the end of politics

A

Referred to page 120

25
Q

Principles of desiccation for competitive elitist democracy

A

But it’s for the selection of a skilled and imaginative political elite capable of making the necessary legislative administrative decisions

An obstacle to the excess of political leadership

26
Q

Key features a competitive elitist democracy

A

Parliamentary government with strong executive

Competition between rival political elites and parties

Domination a parliament by party politics

Centrality of political leadership

Bureaucracy: independent and well-trained administration

constitutional and practical limits on the ‘effective range of political decision’

27
Q

general conditions of Competitive Elitist Democracy

A

industrial society

poorly formed and/or emotional electorate

a political culture which tolerates differences in opinion

emergence of skilled strata of technically trained experts and managers

competition between states for power and advantage in the international system

28
Q

intrinsic equality

A

one persons life, liberty and happiness is no more or less Deffeimportant than any other persons. in arriving st decision, the gov’t must give equal consideration to the good and interest of every person bound by those decisions

29
Q

why intrinsic equality

A
  1. religious and ethical grounds- it aligns well with the basses of almost all religions that “we are all equally Gods children”
  2. The weakness of an alternative- the alternative would be intrinsic superiority and if everyone had equality in voting this would never pass
  3. prudence- the gov’t can not only benefit others but can also cause great harm, so it must be cautious of how things are done
  4. Acceptability- with equal consideration for all people are more likely to have others to help them meet their ends and more people will agree upon it.
30
Q

gaurdianship

A

Turning over the government to experts who are deeply committed to rule for the general good and superior in knowledge and means in which to achieve it

31
Q

defects of guardianship 1

A
  1. to delegate certain subordinate decisions to experts is not equal to ceding final control over major decisions
    - its one thing to seek the advice of experts, its another thing for political elites to posses the power to decide on policies and laws you must obey
32
Q

defects of guardianship 2

A
  1. personal decisions are not the same as decisions made and enforced by government
    - the issue is what persons or groups should have final say in decisions made by by the gov’t of a state. Decisions that would be enforced, if need be, by coercion, imprisonment and possibly even death
33
Q

defects of guardianship 3

A

to Govern a state requires more than strictly scientific knowledge.
-it require ethical decisions that are not strictly scientific and sometimes good ends conflict and resources are limited

34
Q

defects of guardianship 4

A

to govern a state requires more than knowledge
-requires incorruptibility, resistance to enormous temptations of power, and an inflexible dedication to public good vs personal benefit

35
Q

defects of guardianship 5

A

It is one thing to design an utopia it is an entirely other thing to bring it about

36
Q

Inclusion

A

must include all persons subject to the laws of that state except transients and persons proven to be incapable of caring for themselves.

37
Q

problem with inclusion

A

if a person is not educated enough to make informed decisions
-for this reason education is highly valued by democracies

38
Q

Large Scale democracy Requires

A
  1. elected officials
  2. free, fair and frequent elections
  3. freedom of expression
  4. access to alternative sources in info
  5. associational autonomy
  6. inclusive citizenship
39
Q

what criteria of democracy do the instituions of large scale democracy satisfy

A

elected reps –> effective participation, control of agenda

free, fair, frequent –> voting equality, CotA

Freedom of expression –> effective partic., enlightened understanding, CotA

Alt Info –> “”
Associational autonomy–> “”
inclusive citizenship –> Full inclusion

PSC 465 midterm (1 decks)

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