Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOC 310 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Cohort Study

A

Longitudinal

Researcher focuses on a category of people who share a similar life experience in a specified time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cross-sectional research

A

researcher examines a single point in time or takes a one-time snapshot approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Data

A

empirical evidence or info that a person gathers carefully according to established rules or procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Descriptive research

A

research in which one “paints a picture” with words or numbers, presents a profile, outlines stages, or classifies types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Empirical evidence

A

the observations that people experience through their senses; can be direct or indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explanatory research

A

research that focuses on why events occur or tries to test and build on social theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Exploratory research

A

research into an area that has not been studied and in which a researcher wants to develop initial ideas and a more focused research question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Field Research (Qualitative)

A

researcher directly observes the people being studied in a natural setting for an extended period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Halo Effect

A

personal experience as knowledge.

Overgeneralize what they accept as being highly positive and lets its strong reputation rub off onto other areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Longitudinal research

A

researcher examines the features of people or other units at multiple points in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Overgeneralization

A

personal experience as knowledge.

Some evidence supports a belief but they falsely assume that it applies to many other situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Panel Study

A

Longitudinal

Researcher observes exactly the same people across multiple time points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Premature closure

A

personal experience as knowledge.

Feel they have the answers and do not need to listen or seek info any longer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Qualitative data

A

info in the form of words, pictures, sounds, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quantitative data

A

info in the form of numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Selective observation

A

tendency to take notice of certain people or events based on past experience or attitudes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Time-series study

A

any research that takes place over time, in which different people or cases may be looked at in each time point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classification

A

Complex concepts that have subtypes.

The are parts of social theories b/t one simple concept and a full theoretical explanation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Concept cluster

A

a collection of interrelated ideas that share common assumptions, belong to the same larger social theory, and refer to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Deductive approach

A

approach to social theory in which one begins with abstract ideas and then words toward concrete, empirical evidence to test the ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ideal type

A

pure, abstract models that define the essence of the phenomenon in question
-broad, bringing together several narrower concrete concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Macro-level theory

A

social theories about more abstract, large-scale aspects of social reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Meso-level theory

A

social theories about the middle level of social reality b/t a broad and narrow scope, such as the development of social organizations, communities, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Micro-level theory

A

social theories about the concrete, small-scale, and narrow level of reality, such as face-to-face interaction in small groups during a 2 month period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Anonymity

A

research participants remain anonymous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Confidentiality

A

info with participant names attached but the researcher holds it in confidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Informed consent

A

agreement by participants stating that they are willing to be in a study after they learn something about what the research procedure will involve

28
Q

IRB

A

committee of researchers and community members that oversees the impact of research procedures on participants and applies ethical guidelines by reviewing procedure

29
Q

Abstract (2 meanings)

A

short summary of scholarly journal articles that usually appears at its beginning, or a reference tool for locating scholarly journal articles

30
Q

First-order interpretation

A

what the people who are being studied actually feel and think

31
Q

Level of analysis

A

a way to talk about the scope of social theory, causal explanation, proposition, hypothesis, or theoretical statement. Range of phenomena it covers, or to which it applies, goes from social psych (micro) to organizational (meso) to large-scale social structure (macro).

32
Q

Linear Research Path

A

research that proceeds in a clear, logical, step-by-step straight line. It is more characteristic of a quantitative than a qualitative approach.

33
Q

Literature Review

A

a systematic examination of previously published studies on a research question, issue, or method that a researcher undertakes and integrates together to prepare for conducting a study or to bring together and summarize the state of the field.

34
Q

Nonlinear Research Path

A

research that proceeds in a circular, back-and-forth manner. More like qualitative.

35
Q

Second-order interpretation

A

Qualitative

What a researcher believes the people being studied feel and think

36
Q

Third-order interpretation

A

Qualitative

What a researcher tells the reader of a research report that he or she studied, felt and thought

37
Q

Universe

A

the broad class of units that are covered in a hypothesis.

38
Q

Case Study

A

research (qualitative), on one or a small number of cases in which a researcher carefully examines a large number of details about each case

39
Q

Basic social research

A

research designed to advance fundamental knowledge about the social world

40
Q

Applied social research

A

research that attempts to solve a concrete problem or address a specific policy question and that has a direct application

41
Q

Empirical Generalization

A

quasi-theoretical statement that summarizes findings in empirical evidence

42
Q

Inductive approach to social theory

A

one begins with concrete empirical details, then works toward abstract ideas or general principles

43
Q

Deductive approach to social theory

A

one begins with abstract ideas and principles then works toward concrete, empirical evidence to test ideas

44
Q

Ethnographic data logging

A

approach to field research that emphasizes providing a very detailed description of a different culture from the viewpoint of an insider in that culture to gain greater understanding

45
Q

Steps in Research Process (7)

A
  1. Select topic
  2. Focus question
  3. Design study
  4. Collect data
  5. Analyze data
  6. Interpret data
  7. Inform others
46
Q

Middle-Range Theory

A

focuses on a specific substantive topic area (domestic violence, student volunteering, etc), includes a multiple empirical generalization, and builds a theoretical explanation

47
Q

Theory

A

a statement of how and why specific facts are related in order to derive some sort of meaning from them

48
Q

Relationship of Theory to Data

A

study joins theory (story of how social world operates) with data (observed aspects of social world that are relevant to the theory)

49
Q

Levels of Theory

A

Micro-level
Meso-level
Macro-level

50
Q

Qualitative conceptualization

A

the process of carefully thinking through a construct’s meaning

51
Q

Qualitative operationalization

A

links a conceptual definition to a specific set of things you do (procedures, measurement techniques)

52
Q

Validity in Qualitative Research

A

concerned with providing a candid portrayal of social life that is true to the experiences of people being studied

53
Q

Unobtrusive measures

A

people do not know you are observing them. Look for what people “naturally” leave behind publically as available evidence about their social behavior, thoughts, or actions

54
Q

Unobtrusive research

A

infer from the evidence to behavior, thoughts, or actions, and do so nonreactively w/o disrupting the people being studied

55
Q

Error and Bias in Qualitative

A

Reactive effects, Perceptual and Interpretive Distortions, Sampling Errors

56
Q

Reactive effects

A

change because they know you are watching

57
Q

Perceptual and Interpretive distortions

A

Your background changes what you see

58
Q

Sampling errors

A

People may withhold info; Can’t see everything b/c of your role; personal characteristics

59
Q

Measures to control error and bias

A

Sampling strategies, Team research, Strategic selection of members, Member checking

60
Q

Sampling strategies allow the researcher to

A

compare different groups

61
Q

Member checking

A

have members read your interpretation

62
Q

Qualitative measurement

A

measurement arises from observations

largely inductive

63
Q

4 Steps of Ethnographic Interviewing

A
  1. Prepping- lit review, interview sched, etc.
  2. Gathering- collecting data, interview
  3. Focusing- finding common themes
  4. Analyzing- making connections from the data
64
Q

Elements of Ethnographic interview

A
  1. Explicit Purpose
  2. In-Depth interview explanations (project, recording, language, question)
  3. In-Depth interview questions
65
Q

Types of interview questions

A

Descriptive (experience where something happened), Structural (how they understand experience), Contrast (on the spot)

66
Q

4 Key Features of Ethnographic Interviewing

A
  1. Combine structure with flexibility
  2. Interactive
  3. Range of probes and follow-up questions for “depth”
  4. Generative
67
Q

Writing a good lit review (3)

A

Define and refine topic
Design search
Locate research reports

SOC 310 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions