Midterm

Question 1

Siege of the Alamo and Goliad

Answer 1

*Siege lasted 13 days
*33 men arrived during the time from Goliad
* Santa Anna gave Travis no terms for surrender
*March 6th attack at dawn
*David Crockett surrendered and was executed
*Travis’ enslaved servant “Joe” was spared
*Santa Anna used the Alamo as an example to rebels (stirred actions of support in Texas
*Texas Convention of Citizens during siege declared Texas Independent
*Bernet-Pres
Lorenzo de Sivala -Vice
*Fannin w 400 men told to fall back to Victoria
*Mexico split in 3 directions
*Houston used land to create military Strategy of retreating
*Fannin’s men surrendered and were captured and exicuted in Goliad- 350 men

Question 2

Runaway Scrape

Answer 2

Citizens fled east trying to avoid the Mexican Army

Question 3

Battle at San Jacinto

Answer 3

*Santa Anna thought Houston was headed to Nacogdoches rather than Harrisburg
*S.A went to Harrisburg to get civilian support: Houston met him here
*April 21st Houston attacked at the battle of San Jacinto lasted 18 minutes Houston: 8 killed and wounded
S.A: 600 killed and SA captured
*Houston forced SA to sign armist to withdrawal troops

Question 4

Treaty of Velasco

Answer 4

Private: Rio Grande would be border of Texas
SA would make it happen
Public: SA withdrew, restore confiscated property and slaves
Treaty did not have anything to stand on
SA met with Andrew Jackson in DC Mexico didn’t recognize TX independence
Anson Jones: last president of TX

Question 5

Republic of Texas

Answer 5

• 1836-1845
• Fillibusters & Patriotism
• 1836 September elections:
  (1. Approve Constitution
  2. Elect President
  3. Referendum whether to join US )
• Sam Houston first elected president of Texas; Lamar- vice president; Stephen F. Austin secretary of state
• 3277-91 (Referendum)
• 97% wanted to join US
• New Republic vulnerable to Mexico invasions & Native Americans
• Nothing to repay debts with
• Jackson hesistated to take in Texas into US (bc of slavery, abolishionist movements, hyper tension between government, no peace treaty with Mexico)
• Mexico entered government instability
• Texas sought European recognition but Britain said no because they abolished slavery in 1834 and had good relations with Mexico
• Slavery as a system is the opposite of self sufficient brings tyranny, and threats of slave rebellion.
• US had no Constitution that addressed Annexation of country
• First capital was in Harrisburg

Question 6

Presidential Order

Answer 6

Sam Houston 1836-1838
Mirabeau Lamar 1838-1841
Sam Houston 1841-1844
Anson Jones 1844-1845

Question 7

Differing Indian policies

Answer 7

• Indian Removal Act 1830
• ends 1837 with Trail of Tears
• Second Seminole War
• 1835-1842
• Indians killed over 100 AM soliders in an ambush; in response sent 15000 troops over time into Florida by Tampa Bay to control few hundreds of Seminoles
• Massacre of Dade
• derived from Southern Georgia & Alabama Creek Indians forced to move so many times they ended up in Florida
• US worried about a wider slave war in the south
• 1836 since Jackson was dealing with that this caused a hesitation for Texas Integration
• Houston tried indian policy in diplomatic policy but legislature on different views
• Capture of Cynthia PArker- white 9 yr old captured by indians and raised indian and became mother of last indian leader
• 1840 Comanche raid across texas indian wars put TX in more debt

Question 8

GTT “Gone to Texas”

Answer 8

-1836 election yr in US
-Martin Van Buren was the first US born President
-One day before Jackson left office he appointed diplomat to Texas
Drastic increase in Texans and slaves

Question 9

Santa Fe Expedition

Answer 9

1841 TX sent expedition to New Mexico, Santa Fe to persuade Mexicans to side with TX
Expedition of 300 were arrested, sent on forced walk to Mexico City & imprisoned
in 1842 in response to Santa Fe Expedition, Mexico invaded TX
Houston tried to move capital back to Houston from Austin
Mexico invaded again in September 1842
Houston ordered persual
300 men crossed boarder despite being told to go home, they were captured 17 shot and rest sent to prison

Question 10

Statehood

Answer 10

Mexico never made peace or recognized TX
Sam Houston tried to entice US by playing up TX relations with France and Britain
1844 John Tyler (Pres of US) signed treaty of annexation of TX as a territory and assumed debt
In next pres election James K Polk favored expansion and annexing of tx (he won)
1845 TX entered as a state by one vote
TX wrote constitution based on other surrounding slave states

Question 11

Nueces Strip

Answer 11

part between Rio grande & nueces river

Question 12

Mexican-American War

Answer 12

1846-1848
Zachary Taylor- military leader and opposed war
March 1847 US troops landed at Vera Cruz
Winefield Scott- highest ranking officer of US
US debt 15,000
highest death rate of US waged war
Resistance to the war: Wilmot proviso and free soil

Question 13

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 13

David Wilmot
Funding of War if new lands taken from Mexico did not have slavery
Added to suspicions that slavery was beneficial to US through War

Question 14

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848

Answer 14

Huge land cessions of New Mexico
Mexican Cession 1848
John C Calhoun opposed it on grounds that white gov
brought up new slave questions

Question 15

Santa Fe County

Answer 15

TX residents of New Mexico claimed TX border should be El Paso

Question 16

Compromise of 1850

Answer 16

California admitted as free state
slavery still legal in DC but no slave auctions, stronger fugitive slave laws, TX gave claim to half of New Mexico, TX received 10 million
Southerners were angry that fugitive slave laws were not heavily enforced

Question 17

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854

Answer 17

• trans-continental railroad
• popular sovereignty over slavery issue
• Senator Houston Opposed bc violience sectional conflicts and indian probs
• invalidated Missouri comp
• Popular Sovereignty
• Free Soil Movement-> no slavery extended Free soil party turned into the republican party 1824

Question 18

Antebellum Society- planters, slaves, yeomen

Answer 18

William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator 1824
Britain ended slavery in 1833
Gag rule 1836 right of petition in constitution
Fugitive Slave Act
Uncle Toms Cabin
Dred Scott 1857

Question 19

Dred Scott

Answer 19

enslaved by military officer who took him to free territory his master died, he sued for his freedom, won case in Missouri, masters sister got involved and took case to supreme court 1857 decision made that blacks had no rights

Question 20

Gainsville hanging

Answer 20

October 1862 arrested 150 men who didn’t claim confederate

largest mass hanging in US hist Hung 40 men

Question 21

Confiscation Act

Answer 21

First legal opening

Confiscation of “property”

Question 22

Reconstruction

Answer 22

Sharecropping and tenant farming 
Presidential: 1865 to 1877
Congressional: 1867-1877
Freedman's Bureau 1865-1868
-Made lots of progress through education 
-Educational efforts continued through nothern charities and churches
- empowered blacks to vote in the south
-encouraged education 
-by military force
-ultimately failed 
-Economic elite remained on top

Question 23

Texas vs White

Answer 23

10 million given to TX during Comp of 1850
after secession TX tried to sell some of those bonds
made some profit
after civil war TX claimed that secession was illegal so that meant the bonds were sold illegally and wanted them back
Court agreed and they got credit back

Question 24

White resistance to Reconstruction

Answer 24

KKK 1865 Nathan Forest

Question 25

Carpetbaggers

Answer 25

out of the region reconstruction official

Question 26

Scalawags

Answer 26

White Southerners who supported reconstruction

Question 27

Redeemers

Answer 27

James Throckmorton: thought they were redeeming the old way

Question 28

Compromise of 1877

Answer 28

Hays (R) vs Tilden (D) 1876 election
end of reconstruction
Committee put together to derive selection
higher level protection for Blacks removed

Question 29

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 29

Black codes

Question 30

Morrill Land Grant Act

Answer 30

setting aside public lands for public college

problem- TX did not have public lands

Question 31

Quannah Parker

Answer 31

Last of great Comanche leaders

Cynthia Parker’s son

Question 32

Adobe walls

Answer 32

in Paladuro Canyon Indian atack on buffalo hunter camp in response US sent 5000 soliders into East Texas 19874
White man’s overall goal for indians was assimilation