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Motor Learning > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Activities or tasks that require voluntary control over movements of the joints and body segments to achieve a goal

A

Motor skills

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2
Q

Specific patterns of motion among joints and body segments to accomplish action goals

A

Movement

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3
Q

A motor skill with arbitrary movement beginning and end points

A

Continuous motor skill

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4
Q

A motor skill that requires the use of large musculature

A

Gross motor skill

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5
Q

A motor skill with clearly defined movement beginning and end points

A

Discrete motor skill

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6
Q

A motor skill that requires control of small muscles

A

Fine motor skill

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7
Q

A motor skill performed in a moving environment

A

Open motor skill

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8
Q

A motor skill involving a series of discrete skills

A

Serial motor skill

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9
Q

A motor skill performed in a stationary environment

A

Closed motor skill

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10
Q

The supporting surface, objects, and/or people involved in the skill

A

Environmental context

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11
Q

The acquisition of motor skills and performance environment

A

Motor learning

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12
Q

How our neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs

A

Neuromotor control

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13
Q

Human development from infancy to old age

A

Motor development

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14
Q

An activity or task that has a specific purpose or goal to achieve or an indicator of quality of performance

A

Skill

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15
Q

Another term for motor skills

A

Action

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16
Q

A classification system organized according to relationships among the component characteristics

A

Taxonomy

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17
Q

Features of the environmental context to which movements must conform if they are to achieve

A

Regulatory conditions

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18
Q

An environmental characteristic in Gentile’s taxonomy of motor skills

A

Intertrial variability

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19
Q

Features of the environmental context that have no influence or only an indirect influence on movement characteristics

A

Nonregulatory conditions

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20
Q

What are the three components of a motor skill performance?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Action
  3. Person
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21
Q

The term ability refers to…

A

…an individual capacity that underlies performance

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22
Q

The general motor ability hypothesis proposes that individuals have…

A

…many specific motor abilities that are highly related to each other

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23
Q

Research suggests that static and dynamic balance abilities are…

A

…independent motor abilities

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24
Q

Research suggests that the ability to precisely time movements is…

A

…task specific

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25
Q

Research suggests that reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) are…

A

…independent motor abilities

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26
Q

The ability to make skillful hand movements to manipulate objects is known as…

A

…manual dexterity

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27
Q

Compared to static balance, dynamic balance…

A

…involves the maintenance of balance while in motion, while static balance does not

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28
Q

The hypothesis that proposes the many motor abilities that characterize people are highly related to each other

A

General motor ability hypothesis

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29
Q

The ability to coordinate the movement of a number of limbs simultaneously

A

Multilimb coordination

30
Q

The ability to visually follow a moving opject

A

Visual tracking

31
Q

The ability to make skillful, well-directed arm-hand movements that involve manipulating objects rather quickly

A

Manual dexterity

32
Q

Rather than different in terms of having or not having certain abilities, people differ in the _____ of each of the various identifiable abilities

A

Degrees/levels

33
Q

T/F The terms ability and skill should be considered synonymous

A

False

34
Q

T/F Research showing the low correlation between reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) supports the general motor ability hypothesis

A

False

35
Q

T/F Timing as an ability is typically specific to the requirements of the skill being performed

A

True

36
Q

T/F Visual acuity is one of the perceptual-motor abilities that Fleishman did not include in his taxonomy

A

True

37
Q

T/F A task analysis is an essential part of identifying the motor abilities that underlie the performance of any motor skill

A

True

38
Q

A category of motor skill performance measure that indicate the outcome or result of performing a motor skill

A

Performance outcome measures

39
Q

A category of motor skill performance measures that indicates the performance of specific aspects of the motor control system during the performance of a motor skill

A

Performance production measures

40
Q

The interval of time between the onset of a signal (stimulus) and the initiation of a response

A

Reaction time (RT)

41
Q

The interval of time between initiation of movement and the completion of the movement

A

Movement time (MT)

42
Q

The time interval involving both the reaction time and movement time; that is the time from the stimulus to the completion of a response

A

Response time

43
Q

The reaction time when the situation involves only one signal that requires only one response

A

Simple RT

44
Q

The reaction time when the situation involves more than one signal and each signal requires its own specified response

A

Choice RT

45
Q

The reaction time when the situation involves more than one signal but only one response, which is to only one of the signals; the other signals require no response

A

Discrimination RT

46
Q

A kinematic measure describing changes in the spatial positions of a limb or joint during the time course of the movement

A

Displacement

47
Q

A hypothesis that maintains that the many motor abilities in an individual are relatively independent

A

Specificity of motor abilities hypothesis

48
Q

Ability to make rapid and precise movement adjustments of control devices involving single arm-hand or leg movements; adjustments are made to visual stimuli

A

Control precision

49
Q

Ability to make a rapid selection of controls to be moved or the direction to move in

A

Response orientation

50
Q

Ability to respond rapidly to a signal when it appears

A

Reaction time

51
Q

Ability to rapidly make a gross, discrete arm movement where accuracy is minimized

A

Speed of arm movement

52
Q

Ability to time continuous anticipatory movement adjustments in response to speed and/or direction changes of a continuously moving target or object

A

Rate control

53
Q

Ability to make skillful, controlled manipulations of tiny objects involving primarily the fingers

A

Finger dexterity

54
Q

Ability to make precise arm-hand positioning movements where strength and speed are minimized; includes maintaining during arm movement or in a static arm position

A

Arm-hand steadiness

55
Q

Ability to make rapid and repetitive movements with the hand and fingers, and/or rotary wrist movements when accuracy is not critical

A

Wrist, finger speed

56
Q

Ability to rapidly and accurately move the hand to a small target

A

Aiming

57
Q

A taxonomy with the goal “to define the fewest independent ability categories which might be most useful and meaningful in describing performance in the widest variety of tasks”

A

Fleishman’s taxonomy of human perceptual motor abilites

58
Q

Abilities more generally related to gross motor skill performance or physical fitness abilities

A

Physical proficiency abilities

59
Q

The maximum force that a person can exert against external objects

A

Static strength

60
Q

The muscular endurance used in exerting force repeatedly

A

Dynamic strength

61
Q

The ability to mobilize energy effectively for bursts of muscular effort

A

Explosive strength

62
Q

The strength of the trunk muscles

A

Trunk strength

63
Q

The ability to flex or stretch the trunk and back muscles

A

Extent flexibility

64
Q

The ability to make repeated, rapid trunk-flexing movements

A

Dynamic flexibility

65
Q

The ability to coordinate the action of several parts of the body while the body is in motion

A

Gross body coordination

66
Q

The ability to maintain balance without visual cues

A

Gross body equilibrium

67
Q

The capacity to sustain maximum effort requiring cardiovascular effort

A

Stamina

68
Q

The ability to maintain postural stability on a stable surface or when not engaging in locomotor activities

A

Static balance

69
Q

The ability to maintain postural stability on a moving surface when engaging in locomotor activites

A

Dynamic balance

70
Q

The ability to see clearly and precisely

A

Visual acquity

71
Q

The ability to visually follow a moving object

A

Visual tracking

72
Q

The ability to perform skills requiring vision and the precise use of the hands or feet

A

Eye-hand or Eye-foot coordination

Motor Learning (2 decks)

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