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Motor Learning > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Activities or tasks that require voluntary control over movements of the joints and body segments to achieve a goal

A

Motor skills

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2
Q

Specific patterns of motion among joints and body segments to accomplish action goals

A

Movement

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3
Q

A motor skill with arbitrary movement beginning and end points

A

Continuous motor skill

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4
Q

A motor skill that requires the use of large musculature

A

Gross motor skill

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5
Q

A motor skill with clearly defined movement beginning and end points

A

Discrete motor skill

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6
Q

A motor skill that requires control of small muscles

A

Fine motor skill

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7
Q

A motor skill performed in a moving environment

A

Open motor skill

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8
Q

A motor skill involving a series of discrete skills

A

Serial motor skill

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9
Q

A motor skill performed in a stationary environment

A

Closed motor skill

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10
Q

The supporting surface, objects, and/or people involved in the skill

A

Environmental context

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11
Q

The acquisition of motor skills and performance environment

A

Motor learning

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12
Q

How our neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs

A

Neuromotor control

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13
Q

Human development from infancy to old age

A

Motor development

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14
Q

An activity or task that has a specific purpose or goal to achieve or an indicator of quality of performance

A

Skill

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15
Q

Another term for motor skills

A

Action

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16
Q

A classification system organized according to relationships among the component characteristics

A

Taxonomy

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17
Q

Features of the environmental context to which movements must conform if they are to achieve

A

Regulatory conditions

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18
Q

An environmental characteristic in Gentile’s taxonomy of motor skills

A

Intertrial variability

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19
Q

Features of the environmental context that have no influence or only an indirect influence on movement characteristics

A

Nonregulatory conditions

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20
Q

What are the three components of a motor skill performance?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Action
  3. Person
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21
Q

The term ability refers to…

A

…an individual capacity that underlies performance

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22
Q

The general motor ability hypothesis proposes that individuals have…

A

…many specific motor abilities that are highly related to each other

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23
Q

Research suggests that static and dynamic balance abilities are…

A

…independent motor abilities

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24
Q

Research suggests that the ability to precisely time movements is…

A

…task specific

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25
Research suggests that reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) are...
...independent motor abilities
26
The ability to make skillful hand movements to manipulate objects is known as...
...manual dexterity
27
Compared to static balance, dynamic balance...
...involves the maintenance of balance while in motion, while static balance does not
28
The hypothesis that proposes the many motor abilities that characterize people are highly related to each other
General motor ability hypothesis
29
The ability to coordinate the movement of a number of limbs simultaneously
Multilimb coordination
30
The ability to visually follow a moving opject
Visual tracking
31
The ability to make skillful, well-directed arm-hand movements that involve manipulating objects rather quickly
Manual dexterity
32
Rather than different in terms of having or not having certain abilities, people differ in the _____ of each of the various identifiable abilities
Degrees/levels
33
T/F The terms ability and skill should be considered synonymous
False
34
T/F Research showing the low correlation between reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) supports the general motor ability hypothesis
False
35
T/F Timing as an ability is typically specific to the requirements of the skill being performed
True
36
T/F Visual acuity is one of the perceptual-motor abilities that Fleishman did not include in his taxonomy
True
37
T/F A task analysis is an essential part of identifying the motor abilities that underlie the performance of any motor skill
True
38
A category of motor skill performance measure that indicate the outcome or result of performing a motor skill
Performance outcome measures
39
A category of motor skill performance measures that indicates the performance of specific aspects of the motor control system during the performance of a motor skill
Performance production measures
40
The interval of time between the onset of a signal (stimulus) and the initiation of a response
Reaction time (RT)
41
The interval of time between initiation of movement and the completion of the movement
Movement time (MT)
42
The time interval involving both the reaction time and movement time; that is the time from the stimulus to the completion of a response
Response time
43
The reaction time when the situation involves only one signal that requires only one response
Simple RT
44
The reaction time when the situation involves more than one signal and each signal requires its own specified response
Choice RT
45
The reaction time when the situation involves more than one signal but only one response, which is to only one of the signals; the other signals require no response
Discrimination RT
46
A kinematic measure describing changes in the spatial positions of a limb or joint during the time course of the movement
Displacement
47
A hypothesis that maintains that the many motor abilities in an individual are relatively independent
Specificity of motor abilities hypothesis
48
Ability to make rapid and precise movement adjustments of control devices involving single arm-hand or leg movements; adjustments are made to visual stimuli
Control precision
49
Ability to make a rapid selection of controls to be moved or the direction to move in
Response orientation
50
Ability to respond rapidly to a signal when it appears
Reaction time
51
Ability to rapidly make a gross, discrete arm movement where accuracy is minimized
Speed of arm movement
52
Ability to time continuous anticipatory movement adjustments in response to speed and/or direction changes of a continuously moving target or object
Rate control
53
Ability to make skillful, controlled manipulations of tiny objects involving primarily the fingers
Finger dexterity
54
Ability to make precise arm-hand positioning movements where strength and speed are minimized; includes maintaining during arm movement or in a static arm position
Arm-hand steadiness
55
Ability to make rapid and repetitive movements with the hand and fingers, and/or rotary wrist movements when accuracy is not critical
Wrist, finger speed
56
Ability to rapidly and accurately move the hand to a small target
Aiming
57
A taxonomy with the goal "to define the fewest independent ability categories which might be most useful and meaningful in describing performance in the widest variety of tasks"
Fleishman's taxonomy of human perceptual motor abilites
58
Abilities more generally related to gross motor skill performance or physical fitness abilities
Physical proficiency abilities
59
The maximum force that a person can exert against external objects
Static strength
60
The muscular endurance used in exerting force repeatedly
Dynamic strength
61
The ability to mobilize energy effectively for bursts of muscular effort
Explosive strength
62
The strength of the trunk muscles
Trunk strength
63
The ability to flex or stretch the trunk and back muscles
Extent flexibility
64
The ability to make repeated, rapid trunk-flexing movements
Dynamic flexibility
65
The ability to coordinate the action of several parts of the body while the body is in motion
Gross body coordination
66
The ability to maintain balance without visual cues
Gross body equilibrium
67
The capacity to sustain maximum effort requiring cardiovascular effort
Stamina
68
The ability to maintain postural stability on a stable surface or when not engaging in locomotor activities
Static balance
69
The ability to maintain postural stability on a moving surface when engaging in locomotor activites
Dynamic balance
70
The ability to see clearly and precisely
Visual acquity
71
The ability to visually follow a moving object
Visual tracking
72
The ability to perform skills requiring vision and the precise use of the hands or feet
Eye-hand or Eye-foot coordination

Motor Learning (2 decks)

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