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Film History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the first film star worldwide, called “The Professor” by Charlie Chaplin?

A

Max Linder

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2
Q

Name the first female director and where she worked when she started.

A

Alice Guy; Gaumont Film Company

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3
Q

What is the name of D.W. Griffith’s most famous film?

A

The Birth of a Nation

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4
Q

What year did George Melies create A Trip to the Moon?

A

1902

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5
Q

Who was Eadward Muybridge?

A

Filmmaker who was commissioned to study whether or not all 4 hooves of a horse leave the ground at the same time. Created first film

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6
Q

Who was Etienne-Jules Marey?

A

Showed the flight of birds through a series of photographs (1878)

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7
Q

Who created the chronophotographic gun?

A

Etienne-Jules Marey

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8
Q

What had to predate cinematography?

A

1) Scientists had to realize that an eye could perceive motion if images are shown in successsion
2) The ability to project a rapid series of images
3) The ability to use photography to make successive pictures on a clear surface
4) The ability to print photographs on a base flexible enough to be passed through a camera rapidly
5) Intermittent mechanism (Shutter)

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9
Q

What is a stereoscope?

A

hand held viewer that created three dimensional effects with oblong cards

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10
Q

When was the cinema invented?

A

the 1890s

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11
Q

When was the first camera built and by whom?

A

1888; Marey

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12
Q

Who invented the Kinetoscope viewing box and Kinetograph camera?

A

Edison or specifically, his assistant Dickson

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13
Q

Who invented an industry changing projection system?

A

The Lumiere brothers

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14
Q

What was the Lumiere Freres company the biggest European manufacturer of?

A

Photographic plates

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15
Q

Who designed the Cinematographe?

A

Lumiere brothers

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16
Q

Who shot at 16 fps and who shot at 46 fps?

A

Lumiere brothers; Edison

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17
Q

Who relieved tension in cameras by adding an extra loop, therefore allowing for longer reels?

A

The Lathams

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18
Q

Who created the Phantoscope and Vitascope (projectors)?

A

Armat

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19
Q

What is an actuality?

A

nonfiction films

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20
Q

What is a scenic?

A

a short travelogue

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21
Q

What is a topical?

A

brief showing of a news event

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22
Q

Who was Charles Pathe?

A

A phonograph seller and exhibitor who formed Pathe Freres

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23
Q

What was the single largest film company in the world?

A

Pathe Freres

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24
Q

Who made most of the films for Pathe Freres in the beginning?

A

Alice Guy

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25
Q

What company was popular in 1897 and what did they change their name to?

A

American Mutoscope–> American Mutoscope and Biograph (AM&B)

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26
Q

Who was the most popular director hired by AM&B?

A

D.W. Griffith

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27
Q

Who was the most important filmmaker of the early silent film era?

A

Edwin S. Porter

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28
Q

Who created The Great Train Robbery?

A

Edwin S. Porter

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29
Q

What is a vertically integrated firm?

A

One that controls the production, distribution, and exhibition of a film

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30
Q

What is a horizontally integrated firm?

A

A firm that expands within one sector of the film industry, as when one production firm acquires and absorbs another

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31
Q

Who took over the supervision of Gaumont’s films when Guy left in 1908?

A

Louis Feuillade

32
Q

Who was the popular entrepreneur from Denmark?

A

Ole Olsen

33
Q

Most films from Japan were what kind of films?

A

Kabuki films

34
Q

Why were some programs called nickelodeons?

A

Admission was a nickel

35
Q

What did the Warner brothers start as?

A

Nickelodeon exhibitors

36
Q

How did Edison try to force its competitors out of business?

A

By suing them for patent infringement

37
Q

How did the MPPC originate and what is it?

A

Production companies assumed they had to pay Edison or AM&B to stay in business. Edison and AM&B headed MPPC, or Motion Pictures Patents Company

38
Q

What is the standard film length?

A

One reel

39
Q

How did the MPPC attempt to monopolize distribution?

A

By creating the General Film Company

40
Q

What was a severe blow to the MPPC?

A

A court decision that companies could use any camera without litigation

41
Q

Who succeeded in closing down all the city’s nickelodeons?

A

The New York mayor

42
Q

What kind of editing was popular in early silent films?

A

Continuity editing

43
Q

When did intertitles become popular?

A

After 1905

44
Q

What were the two types of intertitles?

A

expository and dialogue

45
Q

What are two techniques for color release prints?

A

tinting and toning

46
Q

What does the continuity system of editing include?

A

intercutting, analytical editing, and contiguity

47
Q

What is intercutting?

A

Where the action cuts back and forth between locales

48
Q

Who developed intercutting?

A

D.W. Griffith

49
Q

What did AM&B change its name to in 1909?

A

American Biograph

50
Q

What is analytical editing?

A

Editing that breaks down a single space into separate framings (i.e. inserts)

51
Q

What is contiguity editing?

A

When characters move out of the space of one shot and reappear in another locale.

52
Q

What is a reverse shot?

A

One character looking offscreen then a cut to another character looking in the opposite as the first (i.e. conversations)

53
Q

What country filled the void after France and Italy’s film industries were destroyed by the war effort?

A

America

54
Q

What was the first American company to open its own distribution offices in Europe?

A

Vitagraph

55
Q

What disrupted the free flow of films?

A

World War I

56
Q

What was one of the most popular Russian companies?

A

Yermoliev

57
Q

What brought Russian filmmaking to a standstill?

A

The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917

58
Q

Who were two important directors from Gaumont Film Company?

A

Leonce Perret and Louis Feuillade

59
Q

What Swedish director was one of the most important of the entire silent era?

A

Victor Sjostrom

60
Q

Who opened Universal Studios?

A

Laemmle

61
Q

Who formed Famous Players in Famous Plays?

A

Zukor

62
Q

What did Famous Players in Famous Plays become?

A

Paramount

63
Q

Who started working for Paramount?

A

D.W. Griffith

64
Q

What are the names of the three brothers who founded Warner Bros. in 1913?

A

Sam, Jack, and Harry

65
Q

What did Fox Film Corporation rename itself to?

A

20th-Century Fox

66
Q

What does MGM stand for?

A

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

67
Q

What company did D.W. Griffith leave in 1913?

A

Biograph Company

68
Q

How many reel is The Birth of a Nation?

A

12

69
Q

What film did Griffith make after The Birth of a Nation?

A

Intolerance

70
Q

Who united in the new firm, United Artists?

A

Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith, and Buster Keaton

71
Q

What are the movements from the twentieth century loosely summed up by?

A

Avant-garde

72
Q

What do practitioners of Surrealism favor?

A

Bizarre, irrational, artfully contrived juxtapositions of objects and actions

73
Q

What years was the French Impressionism movement?

A

1918-1929

74
Q

What years was the German Expressionism movement?

A

1920-1927

75
Q

What years was the Soviet Montage movement?

A

1925-1933

Film History (1 decks)

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