Midterm

Question 1

hold that actions are the proper basis to judge morality or ethicalness

Answer 1

act deontologist

Question 2

utilitarian philosophers who have argued that the rightness of each individual action must be evaluated to determine whether it produces the greatest utility for the greatest number of people?

Answer 2

act utilitarian

Question 3

Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become by thy will a universal law of nature?

Answer 3

categorical imperative

Question 4

Teleological philosophies assess the moral worth of a behavior by looking at its consequences, and thus moral philosophers today often refer to these theories as consequentialism

Answer 4

consequentialism

Question 5

from the Greek word for ?ethics?) refers to moral philosophies that focus on the rights of individuals and the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than its consequences

Answer 5

Deontology

Question 6

Relates to the observations of other cultures

Answer 6

Descriptive relativism

Question 7

is based on the evaluation of the outcomes or results of a business relationship

Answer 7

distributive justice

Question 8

is associated with values quantified by monetary means; according to this theory, if an act produces more value for its effort, then it should be accepted as ethical

Answer 8

economic value orientation

Question 9

defines right or acceptable behavior in terms of its consequences for the individual

Answer 9

Egoism

Question 10

Enlightened egoists take a long-range perspective and allow for the well-being of others although their own self-interest remains paramount

Answer 10

Enlightened egoism

Question 11

typically focus on the end result of actions and the goodness or happiness created by them

Answer 11

Goodness theory

Question 12

he idea that pleasure is the ultimate good, or the best moral end involves the greatest balance of pleasure over pain. Hedonism defines right or acceptable behavior as that which maximizes personal pleasure

Answer 12

Hedonism

Question 13

is a moral philosophy that places special value on ideas and ideals as products of the mind

Answer 13

Idealism

Question 14

A more modern view is expressed in the instrumentalist position. Sometimes called pragmatists

Answer 14

Instrumentalist

Question 15

is based on the relationships between organizational members, including the way employees and management treat one another

Answer 15

interactional justice

Question 16

is fair treatment and due reward in accordance with ethical or legal standards, including the disposition to deal with perceived injustices of others

Answer 16

Justice

Question 17

people make different decisions in similar ethical situations because they are in different moral development stages

Answer 17

Kohlberg’s model of cognitive moral development (CMD)

Question 18

Meta-ethical relativism proposes that people naturally see situations from their own perspectives, and there is no objective way of resolving ethical disputes between different value systems and individuals

Answer 18

Meta-ethical relativism

Question 19

one who believes only one thing is intrinsically good

Answer 19

Monist

Question 20

efers to the specific principles or values people use to decide what is right and wrong

Answer 20

Moral Philosophy

Question 21

a system of ethics based on respect for persons

Answer 21

Nonconsequentialism

Question 22

Normative relativists assume one person’s opinion is as good as another’s

Answer 22

Normative relativism

Question 23

emphasize the means and motives by which actions are justified, and are divided into the categories of teleology and deontology

Answer 23

Obligation theory

Question 24

often referred to as non-hedonists, take the opposite position that no one thing is intrinsically good

Answer 24

Pluralist

Question 25

The processes and activities that produce a particular outcome.

Answer 25

Procedural justice

Question 26

Those who believe it is possible to get too much of a good thing. (such as pleasure)

Answer 26

Qualitative hedonist

Question 27

Those who believe more pleasure is better.

Answer 27

Quantitative hedonist

Question 28

is the view that an external world exists independent of our perceptions.

Answer 28

Realism

Question 29

Definitions of ethical behavior are derived subjectively from the experiences of individuals and groups.

Answer 29

Relativist perspective

Question 30

believe conformity to general moral principles based on logic determines ethicalness.

Answer 30

Rule deontologists

Question 31

determine behavior on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest utility, rather than on individual examinations of each situation they encounter.

Answer 31

Rule utilitarian

Question 32

(from the Greek word for ?end? or ?purpose?) refers to moral philosophies in which an act is considered morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result, such as pleasure, knowledge, career growth, the realization of self-interest, utility, wealth, or even fame

Answer 32

Teleology

Question 33

is concerned with consequences, but unlike the egoist, the utilitarian seeks the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer 33

Utilitarianism

Question 34

argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a ?good? moral character would deem appropriate in a given situation

Answer 34

virtue ethics

Question 35

crimes perpetrated by nonviolent business criminals. These crimes do more damage in monetary and emotional loss in one year than violent crimes do over several years combined

Answer 35

WCC (white-collar crime)