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Intro to Autism > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Vision

A

Visual

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2
Q

Touch

A

Tactile

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3
Q

Smell

A

Olfactory

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4
Q

Taste

A

Gustatory

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5
Q

Two major characteristics of ASD

A

a. ) Social communication domain (merges social and communication domains)
b. ) Fixated interests and repetitive behavior or activity.

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6
Q

______ are ______ times more likely than ______ to have Autism.

A

Boys

5

Girls

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7
Q

Autism is diagnosed on or before age ____

A

3

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8
Q

In 2014, according to the CDC, _____ out of _____ children are diagnosed with ASD.

A

1

68

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9
Q

List 5 possible causes of ASD.

A
  1. Genetic factors
  2. Abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain.
  3. Diet
  4. Vaccine sensitivity
  5. The body’s inability to properly use vitamins and minerals.
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10
Q

The Major Areas under ASD are:

A

a. ) PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified)
b. ) Autistic Disorder
c. ) Aspergers

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11
Q

List the 3 levels of severity:

A
  1. Requires Support
  2. Requires Substantial Support
  3. Requires Very Substantial Support
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12
Q

Autism is:

A
  1. A developmental disability
  2. Neurophysiological
  3. Life long disability
  4. Varies in intensity
  5. Behaviorally defined
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13
Q

Autism is NOT:

A
  1. A behavior disorder
  2. Curable
  3. Mental illness
  4. Diagnosable through medical procedures
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14
Q

ASD:

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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15
Q

3 forms of echolalia:

A

a. ) Immediate echolalia
b. ) Delayed echolalia
c. ) Scripting

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16
Q

Two types of repetitious behaviors and give two examples of each:

A
  1. Mental- difficulty with transition and stereotyped play.

2. Physical- hand flapping and spinning

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17
Q

A neurologically based developmental disorder encompassing atypical development in four domains: relating to others, language, repetitious behaviors, and sensory processing.

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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18
Q

In 1943, the first person labeled a child psychologist of John Hopkins Hospital, was the first person to use the word Autism in a diagnosis.

A

Leo Kanner

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19
Q

Immediate Echolalia

A

Repeating the other person right on the spot.

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20
Q

In 1911, a psychiatrist from Switzerland came up with the term “Autism”. Before this, all those with similar characteristics were diagnosed as schizophrenia.

A

Eugene Bleuler

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21
Q

Scripting

A

The child goes around reciting chunks of a favorite movie or program.

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22
Q

Where the person cannot be prompted to look at something together with an adult, nor do they point at a desired object and then look back at the adult to seek recognition.

A

Joint Attention

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23
Q

Calendar Savant

A

Able to tell days of the week for past and future dates.

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24
Q

Delayed Echolalia

A

Repeating what is being said later after someone has asked or stated something.

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25
Q

Musical Savant

A

Able to play a piece of music by heart after one or two hearings.

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26
Q

Constituted by the realization that other people have thoughts and feelings of their own, combined with our ability to make good guess as to what someone else is thinking and feeling as we interact with them. Seeing the big picture.

A

Theory of Mind

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27
Q

Vestibular

A

Rocking, spinning, jumping, pacing

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28
Q

Proprioception

A

Teeth grinding, pacing, jumping

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29
Q

These behaviors self-soothe a child and help him regain emotional balance.

A

Stemming Behaviors

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30
Q

These movements can resemble shims but they may be caused by eight Tourette Syndrome or a condition called tardive dyskinesia, which is a side effect of antipsychotic drugs such as Risperdal, Seroquel, or Abilify.

A

Involuntary Movements

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31
Q

When this happens, the child is often having a tantrum while exhibiting repetitive behaviors like kicking or flapping.

A

Total Meltdown Due to Sensory Overload

32
Q

A typical developing person has ____ pairs of chromosomes

A

23

33
Q

_____ % of children with autism do not speak.

A

40

34
Q

______ ________ is the key to progression of children with Autism.

A

Early Intervention

35
Q

A person with ASD might:

A
  • Lack eye contact
  • Repetitive behavior
  • Stemming
36
Q

_______ is the fastest growing serious developmental disability in the U.S.

A

Autism

37
Q

List three comorbid conditions often associated with Autism:

A
  1. OCD
  2. Depression
  3. Anxiety
38
Q

The way someone looks on the outside.

A

Phenotype

39
Q

A person’s genetic makeup.

A

Genotype

40
Q

Broad Autism Phenotype

A

A combination of both traits.

41
Q

Occurs when a child appears to develop typically but then starts to lose speech and social skills typically between the ages of 15 and 30 months.

A

Autistic Regression

42
Q

Or convulsions- consist of sudden change in level of consciousness or other bodily functions (movement, sensation, behavior m) due to uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain)

A

Seizures

43
Q

A physician at Earlswood Asylum; first detailed description of autism; first to describe a group of children with mental retardation and unique facial features, which he called “mongolism” (know today as Down Syndrome)

A

J. Langdon Down

44
Q

DSM 1989

A

Infantile Autism

45
Q

Landmark paper in 1943.

A

Dr. Leo Kanner

46
Q

The first federal law mandating free and appropriate public education for all children over the age of 5 regardless of disability.

A

Education for All Handicapped Children of 1975

47
Q

DSM 1994

A

Asperger’s Syndrome

48
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1992

A

Was changed from Education for All Handicapped Children.

49
Q

DSM 1990

A

Autism

50
Q

DSM 1987

A

PDD-NOS

51
Q

Run away and not to come back.

A

Elopement

52
Q

Intelligence tests (IQ tests) are designed so that the average score is _____

A

100

53
Q

a. ) Above ____ is superior to genius.
b. ) _____ to ____ constitute average intelligence.
c. ) _____ is borderline.

A

a. ) 130
b. ) 85 to 115
c. ) 70

54
Q

DSM Axis:

A
  1. Clinical
  2. Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation (MR)
  3. Medical Condition
  4. Psychosocial and Enviromental
  5. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
55
Q

Autism is on Axis ____

A

1

56
Q

MR is on Axis ____

A

2

57
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) assumes that all human behavior is the result of ______

A

Conditioning

58
Q

_________ is inflicting damage to tissue in the form of slapping, hitting, punching, biting, skin picking, and head banging.

A

(SIB) Self Injurious Behavior

59
Q

Were essentially staking out the bottom-up approach to psychology.

A

Thorndike and Watson

60
Q

Laid claim to top-down approach.

A

William James

61
Q

Is the method behaviorists use to describe and manipulate behavior; attempts to eliminate unwanted behaviors (SIB) and to promote desired behaviors, including language, adaptive skills, and at least the outward forms of social behavior.

A

(ABA) Applied Behavioral Analysis

62
Q

Antecedents and consequences are systematically manipulated to increase or decrease the rate of occurrence of specified behaviors

A

Shaping

63
Q

Prompts are verbal or physical clues that increase the chance that the child will produce the desired behavior.

A

Promoting and Fading

64
Q

Involves breaking down a complex task into smaller units that can be shaped more easily.

A

Chaining and Reverse Chaining

65
Q

A task isn’t fully learned until the child can perform it regardless of the setting or condition.

A

Generalization

66
Q

This includes clearly defined interactions between trainer and subject that follow a typical pattern: The trainer presents a stimulus (a request, task, or behavior to be imitated), the subject responds, and the trainer delivers a consequence.

A

Discrete Trial Training (DTT)

67
Q

Providing a desirable consequence.

A

Positive Reinforcement

68
Q

Removing an undesirable consequence

A

Negative Reinforcement

69
Q

Based directly on input from the senses—auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile

A

Bottom-Up

70
Q

Refers to reasoning, making judgements, or planning. Usually found in the cerebral cortex.

A

Top-Down

71
Q

Hearing

A

Auditory

72
Q

IDD

A

Intellectual Development Disability

73
Q

PDD-NOS

A

Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified

74
Q

PECS

A

Picture Exchange Communication System

75
Q

SI

A

Sensory Integration

76
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic & Statistical Manuel of Metal Disorder

77
Q

ADD

A

Attention Deficient Disorder

Intro to Autism (2 decks)

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