Midterm Flashcards
Vision
Visual
Touch
Tactile
Smell
Olfactory
Taste
Gustatory
Two major characteristics of ASD
a. ) Social communication domain (merges social and communication domains)
b. ) Fixated interests and repetitive behavior or activity.
______ are ______ times more likely than ______ to have Autism.
Boys
5
Girls
Autism is diagnosed on or before age ____
3
In 2014, according to the CDC, _____ out of _____ children are diagnosed with ASD.
1
68
List 5 possible causes of ASD.
- Genetic factors
- Abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain.
- Diet
- Vaccine sensitivity
- The body’s inability to properly use vitamins and minerals.
The Major Areas under ASD are:
a. ) PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified)
b. ) Autistic Disorder
c. ) Aspergers
List the 3 levels of severity:
- Requires Support
- Requires Substantial Support
- Requires Very Substantial Support
Autism is:
- A developmental disability
- Neurophysiological
- Life long disability
- Varies in intensity
- Behaviorally defined
Autism is NOT:
- A behavior disorder
- Curable
- Mental illness
- Diagnosable through medical procedures
ASD:
Autism Spectrum Disorder
3 forms of echolalia:
a. ) Immediate echolalia
b. ) Delayed echolalia
c. ) Scripting
Two types of repetitious behaviors and give two examples of each:
- Mental- difficulty with transition and stereotyped play.
2. Physical- hand flapping and spinning
A neurologically based developmental disorder encompassing atypical development in four domains: relating to others, language, repetitious behaviors, and sensory processing.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
In 1943, the first person labeled a child psychologist of John Hopkins Hospital, was the first person to use the word Autism in a diagnosis.
Leo Kanner
Immediate Echolalia
Repeating the other person right on the spot.
In 1911, a psychiatrist from Switzerland came up with the term “Autism”. Before this, all those with similar characteristics were diagnosed as schizophrenia.
Eugene Bleuler
Scripting
The child goes around reciting chunks of a favorite movie or program.
Where the person cannot be prompted to look at something together with an adult, nor do they point at a desired object and then look back at the adult to seek recognition.
Joint Attention
Calendar Savant
Able to tell days of the week for past and future dates.
Delayed Echolalia
Repeating what is being said later after someone has asked or stated something.
Musical Savant
Able to play a piece of music by heart after one or two hearings.
Constituted by the realization that other people have thoughts and feelings of their own, combined with our ability to make good guess as to what someone else is thinking and feeling as we interact with them. Seeing the big picture.
Theory of Mind
Vestibular
Rocking, spinning, jumping, pacing
Proprioception
Teeth grinding, pacing, jumping
These behaviors self-soothe a child and help him regain emotional balance.
Stemming Behaviors
These movements can resemble shims but they may be caused by eight Tourette Syndrome or a condition called tardive dyskinesia, which is a side effect of antipsychotic drugs such as Risperdal, Seroquel, or Abilify.
Involuntary Movements
When this happens, the child is often having a tantrum while exhibiting repetitive behaviors like kicking or flapping.
Total Meltdown Due to Sensory Overload
A typical developing person has ____ pairs of chromosomes
23
_____ % of children with autism do not speak.
40
______ ________ is the key to progression of children with Autism.
Early Intervention
A person with ASD might:
- Lack eye contact
- Repetitive behavior
- Stemming
_______ is the fastest growing serious developmental disability in the U.S.
Autism
List three comorbid conditions often associated with Autism:
- OCD
- Depression
- Anxiety
The way someone looks on the outside.
Phenotype
A person’s genetic makeup.
Genotype
Broad Autism Phenotype
A combination of both traits.
Occurs when a child appears to develop typically but then starts to lose speech and social skills typically between the ages of 15 and 30 months.
Autistic Regression
Or convulsions- consist of sudden change in level of consciousness or other bodily functions (movement, sensation, behavior m) due to uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain)
Seizures
A physician at Earlswood Asylum; first detailed description of autism; first to describe a group of children with mental retardation and unique facial features, which he called “mongolism” (know today as Down Syndrome)
J. Langdon Down
DSM 1989
Infantile Autism
Landmark paper in 1943.
Dr. Leo Kanner
The first federal law mandating free and appropriate public education for all children over the age of 5 regardless of disability.
Education for All Handicapped Children of 1975
DSM 1994
Asperger’s Syndrome
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1992
Was changed from Education for All Handicapped Children.
DSM 1990
Autism
DSM 1987
PDD-NOS
Run away and not to come back.
Elopement
Intelligence tests (IQ tests) are designed so that the average score is _____
100
a. ) Above ____ is superior to genius.
b. ) _____ to ____ constitute average intelligence.
c. ) _____ is borderline.
a. ) 130
b. ) 85 to 115
c. ) 70
DSM Axis:
- Clinical
- Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation (MR)
- Medical Condition
- Psychosocial and Enviromental
- Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
Autism is on Axis ____
1
MR is on Axis ____
2
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) assumes that all human behavior is the result of ______
Conditioning
_________ is inflicting damage to tissue in the form of slapping, hitting, punching, biting, skin picking, and head banging.
(SIB) Self Injurious Behavior
Were essentially staking out the bottom-up approach to psychology.
Thorndike and Watson
Laid claim to top-down approach.
William James
Is the method behaviorists use to describe and manipulate behavior; attempts to eliminate unwanted behaviors (SIB) and to promote desired behaviors, including language, adaptive skills, and at least the outward forms of social behavior.
(ABA) Applied Behavioral Analysis
Antecedents and consequences are systematically manipulated to increase or decrease the rate of occurrence of specified behaviors
Shaping
Prompts are verbal or physical clues that increase the chance that the child will produce the desired behavior.
Promoting and Fading
Involves breaking down a complex task into smaller units that can be shaped more easily.
Chaining and Reverse Chaining
A task isn’t fully learned until the child can perform it regardless of the setting or condition.
Generalization
This includes clearly defined interactions between trainer and subject that follow a typical pattern: The trainer presents a stimulus (a request, task, or behavior to be imitated), the subject responds, and the trainer delivers a consequence.
Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
Providing a desirable consequence.
Positive Reinforcement
Removing an undesirable consequence
Negative Reinforcement
Based directly on input from the senses—auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile
Bottom-Up
Refers to reasoning, making judgements, or planning. Usually found in the cerebral cortex.
Top-Down
Hearing
Auditory
IDD
Intellectual Development Disability
PDD-NOS
Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified
PECS
Picture Exchange Communication System
SI
Sensory Integration
DSM
Diagnostic & Statistical Manuel of Metal Disorder
ADD
Attention Deficient Disorder
