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Music Therapy Stuff > Midterm (419) > Flashcards

Midterm (419) Flashcards

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1
Q

“Atypical production of speech sounds, interruption in the flow of speaking, or abnormal production and/or absence of voice quality” is the definition of a

A

Speech Disorder

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2
Q

“Impairment in comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems” is the definition of a

A

Language Disorder

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3
Q

“A result of impaired sensitivity of the auditory system” is the definition of a

A

Auditory Disorder

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4
Q

The professionals who measure hearing and identify, assess, manage, and prevent disorders of hearing and balance are

A

Audiologists

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5
Q

The professionals who identify, assess, treat, and prevent expressive and receptive communication disorders, as well as provide services for swallowing disorders and dialect modification are

A

Speech-Language Pathologist

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6
Q

The professionals who extend knowledge of human communication processes and disorders and usually hold doctorate degrees are

A

Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists

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7
Q

The degree required for speech-language pathologists to earn the A S H A C C C is currently

A

Master’s Degree

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8
Q

The entry-level degree for an audiologist is currently

A

Doctoral Degree

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9
Q

Almost half of all S L Ps are employed

A

In School Systems

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10
Q

Grammar refers to

A

the rules of a language

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11
Q

Form consists of

A

phonology, morphology, and syntax

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12
Q

is how words are arranged in a sentence and the ways in which one word may affect another.

A

Syntax

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13
Q

Use consists of

A

pragmatics

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13
Q

Content consists of

A

Semantics

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14
Q

______ is how and why we use language; it varies with culture.

A

Pragmatics

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15
Q

About two-third of human meaning exchange is

A

Nonverbal

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16
Q

_____ disorders are present at birth, whereas _____ disorders are the result of illness, accident, or environmental circumstances later in life.

A

Congenital, acquired

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17
Q

_____ is the actual production of speech sounds

A

Articulation

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18
Q

A prognosis is

A

an informed prediction of an outcome

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19
Q

_____ tests yield scores that are used to compare a client with a sample of similar individuals.

A

Norm-referenced

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20
Q

Three physiological subsystems for speech are

A

respiratory, laryngeal, and upper airway system.

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21
Q

The _____ is the driving force for speech production

A

respiratory system

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22
Q

____ is an air valve composed of cartilages, muscles, and other tissues; the principal sound generator for voice and speech production

A

Larynx

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23
Q

The primary biological function of the larynx is

A

to prevent foreign substances from entering the trachea and lungs.

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24
Q

The vocal folds ____ during respiration and ____ during phonation.

A

abduct, adduct

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25
Q

The upper airway system consists of

A

the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharyngeal cavity.

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26
Q

The _____ is a resonant acoustic tube that shapes the sound energy produced by the respiratory and laryngeal systems into speech sounds.

A

vocal tract

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27
Q

What is phonation:

A

Phonation is the process by which the larynx, or voice box, produces sounds.

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28
Q

What are three questions, as shared by Professor Lundeen-Smith, that you can ask SLPs or Audiologists to initiate collaboration efforts to support your clients’ communication goals?

A
  1. What goals/objectives would you be interested in working on together?
  2. How do you feel music-based support could help your client most?
  3. Which treatment targets are you ready to send out of your treatment room for further support or generalization?
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29
Q

Music is processed in:

A

many parts of the brain.

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30
Q

At what age do rituals and game playing emerge?

A

3–4 months

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31
Q

At about 8 to 9 months, infants develop

A

intentionality

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32
Q

The first meaningful word occurs around

A

12 months

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33
Q

Speech perception at 6 months is related to later

A

word/phrase understanding and production

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34
Q

By ____ , children produce about 50 single words and begin to combine words predictably.

A

18 months

35
Q

By age 2, children have an expressive vocabulary of about

A

150–300 words.

36
Q

Each child has a personal dictionary, or ____ that reflects his/her environment.

A

lexicon

37
Q

Preschool-aged children can recount the past and remember short stories because of

A

increased memory and language skills.

38
Q

How long can preschool-aged children maintain a conversation?

A

2–3 turns

39
Q

In preschool HeadStart programs, what percentage of children use a language other than English?

A

30%

40
Q

About 90% of adult syntax is acquired by age

A

5

41
Q

_____ are sayings that do not always mean what they seem to mean, as in idioms.

A

Figurative Language

42
Q

By high school, children understand approximately

A

60,000 words.

43
Q

Multiple word meanings are acquired

A

During Adolescence

44
Q

Risk factors for include being a boy, low S E S, not being an only child, older maternal age at birth, moderately low birth weight, low quality parenting, receipt of no day care or for less than 10 hr/week, and hearing or attention problems.

A

being a late talker

45
Q

Children who are identified as late talkers at 24–31 months

A

still have a weakness in language-related skills in late adolescence

46
Q
  1. Severity of intellectual disability is usually based on
A

I Q and daily living skills.

47
Q

are manifested in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, and do mathematical calculations.

A

Learning disabilities

48
Q

Approximately _____ of all school-age children have L D.

A

5-15%

49
Q

is an underlying neurological impairment in executive function that regulates behavior, causing impulsiveness

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

50
Q

is an active process that allows limited information to be held in a temporary accessible state while cognitive processing occurs.

A

Working memory

51
Q

Children with A S D are identified by the time they are

A

2-3 months old

52
Q

The incidence of A S D among children is

A

1 in 44.

53
Q

Approximately 25% of children with A S D exhibit

A

I D D.

54
Q

Between ___ and _____ of individuals with severe A S D remain nonspeaking throughout their lives.

A

25%, 60%

55
Q

Some individuals with A S D may have immediate or delayed

A

echolalia

56
Q

Psychological maladjustment or acting-out behaviors called _____ may occur after T B I.

A

social disinhibition

57
Q

Deficits in ____ are most likely to remain long after the injury in
T B I.

A

Pragmatics

58
Q

In , children do not speak in specific situations although they speak in others.

A

selective mutism

59
Q

Screening tests are used to

A

determine the presence or absence of a language problem.

60
Q

Adults with severe will most likely require continued intervention for language and communication deficits and a range of educational and vocational needs

A

ASD/ADHD

61
Q

What are language disorders?

A

A heterogeneous group of developmental and/or acquired disorders and/or delays that affect the use of spoken or written language for comprehension and/or production and may involve the form, content, and/or function of language. Language differences are not disorders and so do not require clinical intervention; however, elective intervention is possible at a client’s request.

62
Q

By ____ , infants are able to imitate tone and pitch and begin babbling.

A

4–6 months

63
Q

At 6–7 months, babbling changes into

A

reduplicated babbling

64
Q
  1. Young children use _____ to simplify a difficult word.
A

phonological patterns

65
Q

Most of the phonological patterns that toddlers use disappear by age

A

4

66
Q

Children who experience phonological difficulties

A

continue the use of immature phonological patterns.

67
Q

is/are long strings of syllables with adult-like intonation.
a. Jargon

A

Jargon

68
Q

are disorders of how speech sounds are used in the language.

A

Phonological impairments

69
Q

Seventy-five percent of children normalize their speech sound errors by age _____ with or without treatment.

A

8

70
Q

Speech ____ over time for those who lose their hearing after learning to talk.

A

deteriorates

71
Q

About 90% of children with have some form of motor speech impairment.

A

cerebral palsy

72
Q

plan and/or program the movement sequences necessary for accurate speech production.

A

Childhood apraxia of speech

73
Q

What types of speech errors do toddlers commonly make?

A

Omission of final consonants, syllables or consonants in multisyllabic words might be repeated, consonant blends might be shortened to single consonants, sound substitutions.

74
Q

Name three risk factors for speech sound delay in early childhood.

A

Answers will vary but should include some of the following points (see pages 152–153, section titled “Male Sex”):
Male sex, family history of speech/language delay, low maternal education.

75
Q

_____ refers to how easy it is to understand the individual

A

Speech intelligibility

76
Q

is the use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading

A

literacy

77
Q

Decoding is

A

b. segmenting a word and blending the sounds together to form a word.

78
Q

Sound-letter (letter-sound) correspondence is called

A

phonics.

79
Q

Phonological awareness is

A

knowledge of sounds/syllables and the sound structure of words.

80
Q

Phonemic awareness is

A

the ability to manipulate sounds

81
Q

Risk of reading problems is greatest for children with a history of problems in

A

articulation and expressive/receptive language.

82
Q

When should phonological awareness intervention begin?

A

In preschool or kindergarten

83
Q

What percentage of children with language disorders have difficulty in the area of literacy?

A

as many as 60%

84
Q

Why are many children with language impairments at risk for reading impairments?

A

In general, they begin with less language and have difficulty catching up. Have poor comprehension skills because they lack language knowledge that would enable them to integrate what they read. Have poor metalinguistic skills. Possess linguistic processing difficulties.

Music Therapy Stuff (2 decks)

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