Midterm #4 - 9, 11, 13, 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Sex vs Gender

A

Sex - defined by biologically male/female

Gender - used to describe the cultural characteristics of males and females

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2
Q

Origin of Women’s Subordination

A
  • biological research appears to “prove” men are naturally “superior” to women
  • Emergence of FEMINISM
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3
Q

Evidence (3) that gender is a social construct

A

Gender variations between cultures, in one culture over time, in one culture at one point in time

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4
Q

Gender Binary

A

A socially constructed concept that classifies gender into two distinct, opposite forms: “masculine” and “feminine.”

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5
Q

Gender Expression

A

The external display of one’s gender (how they present themselves to the world)

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6
Q

Gender Identity

A

The internal perception of one’s gender (what is on the inside

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7
Q

Intersex

A

The term intersex is an umbrella term that refers to people who have one or more of a range of variations in sex characteristics that fall outside of
traditional concepts of male or female bodies

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8
Q

Transgender (Trans)

A

Trans* can be used as an umbrella term for those who do not identify as cisgender, and also used for individuals. The asterisk (*) represents
those who identify outside the binary

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9
Q

Gender Queer

A

This is an umbrella term for many gender non-conforming identities, including those who identify outside the gender binary (such as agender,
gender fluid, and non-binary)

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10
Q

Agender

A

Someone with little to no connection with the gender binary

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11
Q

Gender Fluid

A

A person whose gender fluctuates over a period of time

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12
Q

Two-Spirited (2S)

A

An umbrella term used within Indigenous communities to recognize individuals who possess qualities or fulfill roles of both feminine and masculine
genders.
- Only Indigenous people can use this term - you cannot self-identify as two-spirit

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13
Q

Areas of Gender INequality

A

Autonomy, care, mothering/child-care, health (mental), violence, income/pay, education, housing, leadership, criminal justice, aging

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14
Q

Two (2) biological theories

A
  • Dichotomy – one or the other (male or female)
  • Difference – opposite characteristics (what is male
    cannot be female)
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15
Q

Key contributions to immigration

A

Industries such as the fur trade, farming, lumbar, were contributors to
very early immigration

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16
Q

Describe immigration after WWII

A
  • increased immigration due to economic demand
  • seeking a balance between population growth and economic
    stability
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17
Q

Immigration during/after WWI

A
  • Fear halted immigration during WWI (1914-1918) and the economy
    during the Great Depression (1929-1933).
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18
Q

Acculturation

A
  • to include expectations, attitudes, identity, perception, attribution, values
  • include cultural shedding and cultural learning
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19
Q

Marin and Gamba 3 perspectives on acculturations

A
  • Assimilation – move towards host culture
  • Integration – merge of both cultures
  • Rejection – move away from host culture
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20
Q

Berry’s additions to acculturation model/perspective

A
  • Separation – Similar to rejection
  • Marginalization – move away from both cultures
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21
Q

Four (4) Immigration Parent Tendencies

A
  1. Unified-Restorative
    - Successful in resolving conflict between both cultures
  2. Abandoned-Providential
    - Values the dominant culture
  3. Partitioned-Austere
    - Values the home culture
  4. Deprecated-Detached
    - Uninvolved (assumptions of mental health issues)
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22
Q

Critiques of Acculturation Models

A
  • failing to include group and family changes
  • looks at culture as static
  • looks at linear change (moving away from culture) vs bilateral change (cultural maintenance and participation)
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23
Q

Impacts of Acculturation (2 sections with points)

A

Structural Influences
- financial, employment, power/status, parenting, extended family
Individual/Family
- loss of self-esteem, children adapt quicker, culture looks different (individual vs collectivism), seperation of family

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24
Q

Main five (5) religious perspectives

A

Zen Buddhism
Christianity,
Existentialism
Judaism
Shamanism

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25
Q

Transpersonal Theory

A
  • The language and development of one’s spiritual self
  • Includes higher self, human consciousness, creativity,
    communication, self-actualization and spiritual growth
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26
Q

Mindfulness is part of what two (2) therapies

A
  • Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
  • Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
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27
Q

Mindfulness

A

The practice of purposefully paying attention using
nonjudgmental awareness

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28
Q

Three (3) parts of Mindfulness

A

Awareness - Refocusing - Expanding

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29
Q

What is Post-Traumatic Growth

A
  • Concept that people can grow from their traumatic experiences, not
    just return to their prior levels of functioning
  • Spirituality can offer support to post-traumatic growth, or be questioned/rejected
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30
Q

Key aspects of Meaning Making

A
  • Spirituality and religion can support clients in making meaning and sense of their life experiences
  • “everything happens for a reason” or “why me?”
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31
Q

Human Consciousness

A
  • Related to Transpersonal theory
  • Belief in a higher or inner self
  • Expansion of creativity and self-actualization
32
Q

What did the elevator ad say (disabilities)

A

“Today is the day we take the stairs”

33
Q

Definition of Disability

A
  • an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation
    restrictions
34
Q

Dual Diagnosis

A

Mental illness + Developmental disability

35
Q

Concurrent Disorder

A

Mental illness + substance use problems

36
Q

Why are disabilities increasing

A
  • Aging population and chronic illness
37
Q

History of Disability

A
  • rare due to mortality rates, treatment, and lack or recording
  • historical beliefs such as “parents sins caused the child’s disability”
  • The Industrial Revolution brought on the rise of asylums
    with the belief that people were unable to contribute to
    or to fit into society
38
Q

Eugenics

A

The selection of desired heritable characteristics in order to improve future generations - “perfecting human genetics”

38
Q

Creation of the Canadian Association of Community Living

A
  • Developed by mothers looking to advocate for their children’s needs including group homes, education and employment preparation and training
38
Q

Creation of the Canadian Paraplegic Association

A
  • Developed after veterans were unhappy with their treatment
39
Q

Three (3) Models of Disability

A
  • Medical
  • Social
  • Independent Living
40
Q

Medical Model of Disability

A
  • Viewed as having an unwanted disability
  • Often used a ‘blame the victim’ approach
  • Professionals make decision for the person
41
Q

Social Model of Disability

A
  • Viewed people with disabilities as marginalized and oppressed
  • The environment creates disabling conditions (such as architectural, sensory, economic) not the person
  • Social policy can address and alleviate restriction of participation
  • Criticized for not paying enough attention to personal experience and impact
42
Q

Independent Living Model of Disability

A
  • Involves people making their own decisions –> such as finances and care, with programs that provide social and medical services
  • Living arrangements allow for modifications to ensure accessibility
  • Client is expert
43
Q

Goals (5) of Bill S-203 - Federal Framework on Autism Spectrum Disorder

A
  • Timely diagnosis
  • Financial support
  • Improved Research
  • National Acceptance Campaigns
  • Consultations with stakeholder
44
Q

AODA

A

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act
- relies on the submission of compliance reports by governments and organizations as well as complaints lodged by the public, and it sets out a series of accessibility standards with the express purpose of creating a barrier-free
ociety in Ontario by 2025

45
Q

Goal of Rights of
Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

A
  • Commits Canada to a series of measures and principles to improve the social and economic condition of people with disabilities while taking steps to improve their legal and political rights.
46
Q

SW Principles related to Disability work

A
  • Respect the unique worth and inherent dignity of all people and uphold human rights.
  • Respect the unique worth
    and inherent dignity of all
    people and uphold human rights.
    *- Inclusion in policies, media, education, services, advocacy movements
  • Person-first language
  • Diagnosis – limiting or empowering
  • Whenever possible, we must amplify voices of people with lived experience – especially considering diverse, traditionally marginalized
    identities.
47
Q

Concept of ‘doing gender’ (3 points)

A
  • Gender is what one does.
  • Gender is practised in social interactions.
  • People tend to live within the social constructed view of being male or female.
48
Q

Feminism view on gender

A
  • Feminism emerged from the concept that woman are physically and emotionally inferior to men.
  • Feminism included political and social structures that contribute to inequalities (i.e. “the personal is political”).
49
Q

Sameness vs Differentness

A
  • Research has emerged refuting men and woman are different but instead are more alike than different.
  • An area of debate amongst feminist theory although current research supports sameness.
50
Q

(Theory of) Gender Fluidity

A
  • Queer theory supports the idea that gender is fluid.
  • Gender can be seen on a spectrum as opposed to binary.
  • Gender is simply a social construct (as well as sexuality).
51
Q

Gender-Neutral Language

A
  • Language that avoids references or biases towards a particular gender – This helps trans* people feel safe, welcomed, and validated.
52
Q

Gender-Neutral Pronouns

A
  • Words that don’t specify the gender of the subject
    Ex. they/them, ze/zir, ney/nem, ey/em
53
Q

Gender in Social Work

A
  • Female dominated but males hold higher power positions
  • Women in the field earn less than men
  • “Female majority, male dominated”
54
Q

Current Feminism view in SW

A
  • Feminism is on the decline in the field (reduction in Feminist theory)
  • Current move to renew the practice and also include third-wave feminism, sociology and queer/transgender theories
55
Q

Hegemonic Masculinity

A
  • Captures dominant male characteristics which are culturally
    specific
  • How men are measured in terms of their manhood (i.e. white, heterosexual, professional, aggressive, independent)
  • Oppressed men who do not fit stereotype
56
Q

Toxic Masculinity

A
  • Used to describe a set of very narrow standards, behaviours, and expectations for manhood and masculinity that values dominance, power, and control and devalues empathy, the acknowledgment of emotions, and other traits that fit outside of this narrow definition
57
Q

The sense of entitlement that comes with toxic masculinity ______

A

… is often maintained through violence, or the threat of violence

58
Q

Two main identities in Lost Voices video

A
  • Being Black and being a women
59
Q

Analytic category of feminism

A
  • Not all woman are the same and face oppression the same.
  • The use of the intersectionality theory lens has also been used within feminism
60
Q

Assimilation

A
  • a process by which a person acquires the culture, values, and patterns of another group through adopting the social and psychological characteristics of that group
61
Q

Universal Instructional design (UID)

A
  • An educational process that creates learning environments and teaching strategies that are usable by diverse students
62
Q

Integration

A
  • Is where individuals maintaining their identity with their home culture but also take on some of the characteristics of a new culture
63
Q

Acculturative Stress

A

A state if psychological, emotional, physical, or social strain resulting from the process of adapting to a new cultural environment

64
Q

What are the 4 possible out-comes of acculturation

A
  • integration
  • assimilation
  • seperation
  • marginalization
65
Q

Marginalization

A
  • Where individuals do not want anyhting to do with either their new culture or old culture
66
Q

Stanley (2002) evidence that gender is a social construct (3 points)

A
  • gender variations between cultures
  • gender variations in one culture over time
  • gender variations in one culture at one point in time
67
Q

Patriarchy

A
  • A concept reflecting male power and privlege
  • was the chief structure feminists identified as problematic - became the core issue of
68
Q

What is Smudging and the benefits

A
  • the burning of one or more Indigenous sacred herbs/medicines
  • used for purification/clarifying purposed
  • clear negative energy
  • promote balance
69
Q

What is a Sweat Lodge and its benefits

A
  • heated dome-shaped structures used by Indigenous peoples during certain purification rites and as a way to promote healthy living.
  • represent a return to mothers womb
70
Q

Unified - Restorative - Immigrant Parenting tendencies

A
  • Successful in resolving conflict between both cultures
71
Q

Abandoned - Providencial - Immigrant Parenting tendencies

A
  • Values the dominant culture
72
Q

Partitioned-Austere - Immigrant Parenting tendencies

A
  • Values the home culture
73
Q

Deprecated - Detached - Immigrant Parenting tendencies

A
  • Uninvolved (assumptions of mental health issues)