Midterm 4

Question 1

What are some potential causes of a hangover following too much alcohol ingestion?

Question 2

What percentage of alcohol is metabolized in one hour?

Answer 2

.015 percent per hour

Question 3

What is first pass metabolism? How is this affected by drinking on an empty stomach?

Question 4

Which two neurotransmitters discussed in class are thought to be directly affected by alcohol and how are they affected?

Question 5

Review the basics of the fermentation process.

Question 6

Review the basics of the distillation process.

Question 7

What is the drug Antabuse used for and how does it work?

Question 8

What effects does alcohol have on the kidneys and what is antidiuretic hormone?

Question 9

What effect does alcohol have on body temperature?

Question 10

How do you calculate how much alcohol is in a particular beverage (e.g. a glass of wine vs. a can of beer)?

Question 11

What are some potential positive health benefits of drinking small quantities of alcohol?

Question 12

What are some differences between Type I and Type II alcoholism? Are there any differences in alcoholism rates based on gender?

Question 13

Which two enzymes are involved in metabolizing alcohol into acetaldehyde and then acetic acid?

Question 14

Be able to recognize characteristics of alcoholism.

Question 15

What is delirium tremens?

Question 16

What are the three basic characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome? What is facial dysmorphology?

Question 17

Which liver diseases are typically observed in alcoholics?

Question 18

What is the difference between the proof of alcohol compared to the percentage of alcohol?

Question 19

What are the three basic effects that opiate drugs can have on the body?

Question 20

What are nocioceptive receptors and what do they do?

Question 21

How is heroin chemically different from morphine? Why is heroin more powerful than morphine?

Question 22

What is the difference between opiates, opiate derivatives, synthetic opiates? (You do not need to memorize the names of any specific opiate derivatives or synthetic opiates)

Question 23

What basic symptoms are seen in heroin withdrawal?

Question 24

Where do opiate drugs bind in the brain?

Question 25

What are endorphins?

Question 26

What are the three basic symptoms of an opiate overdose?

Question 27

Which company first develop heroin and for what use was it marketed?

Question 28

How does the dual model suggest that general anesthetics work in the brain?

Question 29

What are nitrates, how are they used, and what do they do to the body?

Question 30

For what purpose was nitrous oxide originally developed?

Question 31

What are some risks associated with the abuse of nitrous oxide?

Question 32

What effects are inhalants such as aerosols and solvents thought to have on neurotransmitters?

Question 33

Review the various types of drugs given during general anesthesia.

Question 34

Which three drugs were discussed in class as being used as date rape drugs? What was thought to be another use for GHB?

Question 35

What other drug is similar to Rohypnol?

Question 36

What are whippets?

Question 37

What are some basic effects that inhalants such as solvents and aerosols can have on the brain?

Question 38

What is sudden sniffing death syndrome?