Midterm 4 Flashcards
What are some potential causes of a hangover following too much alcohol ingestion?
What percentage of alcohol is metabolized in one hour?
.015 percent per hour
What is first pass metabolism? How is this affected by drinking on an empty stomach?
Which two neurotransmitters discussed in class are thought to be directly affected by alcohol and how are they affected?
Review the basics of the fermentation process.
Review the basics of the distillation process.
What is the drug Antabuse used for and how does it work?
What effects does alcohol have on the kidneys and what is antidiuretic hormone?
What effect does alcohol have on body temperature?
How do you calculate how much alcohol is in a particular beverage (e.g. a glass of wine vs. a can of beer)?
What are some potential positive health benefits of drinking small quantities of alcohol?
What are some differences between Type I and Type II alcoholism? Are there any differences in alcoholism rates based on gender?
Which two enzymes are involved in metabolizing alcohol into acetaldehyde and then acetic acid?
Be able to recognize characteristics of alcoholism.
What is delirium tremens?
What are the three basic characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome? What is facial dysmorphology?
Which liver diseases are typically observed in alcoholics?
What is the difference between the proof of alcohol compared to the percentage of alcohol?
What are the three basic effects that opiate drugs can have on the body?
What are nocioceptive receptors and what do they do?
How is heroin chemically different from morphine? Why is heroin more powerful than morphine?
What is the difference between opiates, opiate derivatives, synthetic opiates? (You do not need to memorize the names of any specific opiate derivatives or synthetic opiates)
What basic symptoms are seen in heroin withdrawal?
Where do opiate drugs bind in the brain?
What are endorphins?
What are the three basic symptoms of an opiate overdose?
Which company first develop heroin and for what use was it marketed?
How does the dual model suggest that general anesthetics work in the brain?
What are nitrates, how are they used, and what do they do to the body?
For what purpose was nitrous oxide originally developed?
What are some risks associated with the abuse of nitrous oxide?
What effects are inhalants such as aerosols and solvents thought to have on neurotransmitters?
Review the various types of drugs given during general anesthesia.
Which three drugs were discussed in class as being used as date rape drugs? What was thought to be another use for GHB?
What other drug is similar to Rohypnol?
What are whippets?
What are some basic effects that inhalants such as solvents and aerosols can have on the brain?
What is sudden sniffing death syndrome?
