Midterm Flashcards
Definition of Chiropractic
A conservative and conscientious form of health care that primarily concerns itself with the functional integrity of the nervous system
What is chiropractic built upon?
the constructs of Vitalism, holism, conservativem, naturalism and rationalism
How do we adapt to stressors?
Innate Intelligence
What happens when there is an interference of the nervous system?
it can disrupt homeostatic balance which can affect the expression of health
What is a subluxation?
An abberation in biochemical spinal anatomy, such that the functional integrity of the nervous system is compromised its capacity to adapt to stimulus
What causes disease?
states in which we fail to adapt to stimuli
What are the four Ts that can cause a subluxation?
thoughts traumas, toxins, exceeding threshold
What does the love of wisdom tell us?
the body is intelligent, it’s self regulating because of innate intelligence, innate intelligence comes from universal intelligence and innate intelligence has a love-hate relationship with educated intelligence
What is an internal cause?
a subluxation that causes the patient presentation
What is an external cause?
it causes the state of dis-ease
What is principle 17?
every cause has and effect and every effect has a cause
Principle number 18
we should live life to its potential. The goal is not to see patients every day, but , but to get them to a point of wellness.
Principle 20
every living thing has innate intelligence
Should there be changes going on with a patient?
Yes, there will be little changes throughout the day, which is normal when you are dealing with a healthy patient
principle 21
the mission of innate intelligence is active organization (homeostasis)
principle 24
Limitations of adaptation. We can only adapt so much before we see pathologies.
principle 30
the cause of dis-ease is the failure to adapt (transmission of innate)
principle 31
adjusting can be a cause or effect
What are the 5 parts of the subluxation complex?
kinesiopathology, myopathology, neuropathology, histopathology, pathophysiology
kinesiopathology
atypical motion/position (inflammation is a cellular change)
how do you find a kinesiopathology?
history, static/motion palpation, range of motion, posture, imaging
How do you determine kinesiopathology?
a list
myopathology
dysfunction in muscle (tonicity/weakness/asymmetry)
How do you determine myopathology?
history, palpation, motor exam, posture, specialized studies (EMG)
Neuropathology
compression/stretch, axoplasmic flow of the nervous system
How do you determine neuropathology?
history, instrumentation, deep tendon reflex, sensory/motor exam, specialized studies (imaging, NCV)
pathophysiology
functional changes associated with disease (measles, cancer, etc.), dis-ease (subluxation complex) or injury
What is the PART system?
a clinical documentation of the subluxation utilizes the PART acronym if you are utilizing a physical examination
What does the P stand for in the PART system?
pain and tenderness
How do you determine pain and tenderness?
observe the pain the patient exhibits during the examination, percussion, palpation, provocation (let me know if it hurts), visual analog type scale, audio confirmation, pain questionaire
What does the A stand for in the PART system?
asymmetry or misalignment
How do you determine asymmetry or misalignment in a patient?
observing patient posture and gait, static and dynamic palpation, diagnostic imaging
What does the R stand for in the PART system?
range of motion abnormality
How do you determine range of motion abnormalities?
observing and increase or decrease in range of motion, motion palpation, stress diagnostic imaging
What does the T stand for in the PART system?
tissue tone changes
How do you determine tissue tone changes?
observation, palpation, instrumentation use, tests for length and strength (leg checks)
What are the visual observations of tissue tone changes?
signs of spasm, inflammation, swelling, rigidity
What can you find when palpating for tissue tone changes?
changes in tissue, hypertonicity, hypotonicity, spasm, inflammation, tautness, rigidity, flaccidity
When stress diagnostic imaging, what can you use?
X ray using flexion/extension views)
How do you use a visual analog scale?
have patient write down how much pain they are in on a scale of 1-10
What do you do when checking leg length and strength?
document leg length, scoliosis contracture, strength of muscles
What is the relationship between the vertebral subluxation complex and PART system?
Kinesiopathology- asymmetry or misalignment, ROM abnormality
myopathology- pain and tenderness, asymmetry or misalignment, tissue tone changes
neuropathology- pain and tenderness, asymmetry or misalignment, tissue tone changes
histopathology- pain and tenderness, asymmetry or misalignment, tissue tone changes
static palpation
a method of using one’s hands to feel and assess several parameters that govern the mobility and health of tissues located near or on the body’s surface.
What is the purpose of static palpation?
to facilitate the analysis of soft or bony tissue structures within the body
What are the parameters of static palpation?
osseous landmarks, topographic anatomy, sudoriferous changes, muscle tonicity/turgidity (edema), tissue prominency, palpatory tenderness
Which part of the PART does static palpation satisfy?
pain and tenderness, asymmetry/misalignment, tissue/tone changes
when is static palpation best used? why?
after instrumentation, a “break” will direct the areas of static assessment.
What are the levels of static palpation?
sudoriferous, turgidity, tonicity, tissue prominency, palpatory tenderness, deep tonicity changes
sudoriferous changes
oily, greasy, slippery, sweaty, clammy, tacky for acute subluxations. dry, scaly, flaky, rough for chronic subluxations.
what does the skin do?
it has eccrine glands that secrete a blood plasma metabolite for thermal regulation