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Metallurgy > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Alloy

A

A material dissolved in another metal in a solid solution

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2
Q

Atom

A

Building block of all substances

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3
Q

Compound

A

A material composed of two or more chemically joined elements

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4
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle

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5
Q

Molecule

A

a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

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6
Q

Element

A

A simple, pure substance made up of one kind of material

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7
Q

Mixture

A

A material composed of two or more elements or compounds mixed together but not chemically joined

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8
Q

Neutron

A

a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.

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10
Q

Proton

A

a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign.

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11
Q

Solid Solution

A

A solution in both solvent and solute are solid at room temperature

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12
Q

Solution

A

A special type of mixture in which one substance is thoroughly dissolved in the other

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13
Q

Brinell Hardness

A

A common testing method using a ball penetrator in which the diameter of the indentation is converted to units of Brinnell Hardness Number. Accurate for soft metals

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14
Q

File Hardness

A

A very simple and fast hardness test in which a material is struck or scraped by the edge of a sharp file to see if the file will scratch the surface.

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15
Q

Knoop Hardness

A

A common microhardness testing method that uses an elongated pyramid penetrator and provides Knoop hardness values for the tested material

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16
Q

Mohs Scale

A

A relatively inaccurate hardness testing scale in which the testing specimen is scratched by any of 10 different types of material

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17
Q

Rockwell Hardness

A

Most commonly used hardness testing method uses a minor load to prevent surface irregularities from affecting results.

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18
Q

Rockwell Superficial

A

A common hardness testing method that produces a relatively small indentation on the sample being tested.

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19
Q

Shore Scleroscope

A

A hardness testing method in which a small hammer or weight is dropped onto a test sample and the height of its bounce is measured.

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20
Q

Hardness

A

A measure of resistance to deformation or penetration

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21
Q

Strength

A

Ability of a metal to resist forces or loads

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22
Q

Brittleness

A

Tendency to stretch or deform very little before fracture

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23
Q

Ductility

A

Tendency to stretch or deform appreciably before fracture

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24
Q

Stress

A

The force per unit area imparted to a material.

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25
Q

Tensile Strength

A

A materials ability to withstand stress in tension or pulling apart.

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26
Q

Compressive Strength

A

A materials ability to withstand a pressing or squeezing together type of stress

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27
Q

Shear Strength

A

A materials ability to resist a sliding past type of stress

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28
Q

Torsional Strenght

A

A materials ability to resist shear stress in rotation

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29
Q

Flexural Strength

A

Bending strength generally causing tensile stress on one side of the material and compressive stress on the other

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30
Q

Fatigue Strength

A

Ability of a material to withstand repeated loading

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31
Q

Toughness

A

Ability of a material to resist shock or impact loads

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32
Q

Strain

A

The ratio of the change in length of a material to its original length

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33
Q

Flexibility

A

The ability of a material to bend stretch or distort without breaking

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34
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a material to return to it’s original length after being deformed without any permanent deformation

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35
Q

Plasticity

A

The ability of a material to permanently deform without breaking

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36
Q

Malleabillity

A

The ability of a material to be permanently changed to a new useful shape after being hammered forged pressed or rolled

37
Q

Creep

A

Slow plastic flow that occurs over time in a material when it is stressed

38
Q

Proportional Limit

A

stress which will. produce a small amount of permanent deformation, generally equal to a strain of 0.002 or 0.2%.

39
Q

Elastic Limit

A

The maximum stress that can be applied to a metal without producing permanent deformation.

40
Q

Yield Point

A

the stress beyond which a material becomes plastic.

41
Q

Ultimate Strenght

A

is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking.

42
Q

Rupture Strenght

A

a material’s ability to resist deformation under load.

43
Q

Wrought Iron

A

A material composed of almost entirely iron with very little or no carbon

44
Q

Steel

A

A material composed primarily of iron less that 2% carbon and small percentages of other alloying elements

45
Q

Low Carbon Steel

A

A type of steel that contains between .05%-.35% carbon

46
Q

High Carbon Steel

A

Steel that contains between .5%-2% carbon

47
Q

Alloy Steel

A

A steel that contains more than the average amount of alloying elements which improve the properties of the steel

48
Q

Low Alloy Steel

A

Steel with a lower alloy content than other types of alloy steel.

49
Q

Maraging Steel

A

A special type of alloy ‘steel containing a high quantity of nickel and a low percentage of carbon

50
Q

Tool Steel

A

A classification of high-alloy steel used for applications requiring special properties including high strength hardness shock resistance or high temperature capabilities

51
Q

Stainless Steel

A

A classification of alloy steel that has high quantities of chromium and often nickel. It has outstanding corrosion resistance

52
Q

Spring Steel

A

A classification of alloy steel that has unusually high elasticity and strength

53
Q

Cast Iron

A

A material containing primarily iron, 2-6% carbon and often small amounts of silicon and other elements

54
Q

White Cast Iron

A

A very hard, brittle type of cast iron that can be used to produce malleable cast iron

55
Q

Gray Cast Iron

A

The most widely type of cast iron

56
Q

Mallable Cast Iron

A

A type of cast iron that has higher ductility and tensile strentgh than gray or cast iron

57
Q

Ductile Cast Iron

A

A type of cast iron that has higher ductility and tensile strength than gray or white cast iron

58
Q

Basic Oxygen Furnace

A

A basic steel making furnace that uses an oxygen blast at supersonic speeds to intensify heat

59
Q

Bessemer Furnace

A

One of the basic steel making furnaces. This process uses a furnace in which molten pig iron is refined by a burning gas

60
Q

Blast Furnace

A

Large furnace used to convert iron ore into pig iron

61
Q

Cast Iron

A

A material containing primarily iron 2-6% carbon and small amounts of silicon and other elements

62
Q

Cupola

A

A furnace commonly used in the manufacture of cast iron

63
Q

Electric Arc Furnace

A

a furnace that uses an electric arc as a heat source, especially for steelmaking.

64
Q

Electric Induction Furnace

A

A furnace used in the manufacture of cast iron. It uses electricity for power

65
Q

Iron Ore

A

A mineral that has a high iron content used a s a basic ingredient in the manufacture of iron and steel

66
Q

Limestone

A

A mineral mined from the ground used to remove impurities in the manufacture of iron and steel

67
Q

Open-Hearth Furnace

A

A basic steel making furnace consisting of a giant hearth exposed to a powerful gas flame.

68
Q

Coke

A

Purified coal used in the manufacture of iron and steel

69
Q

Pig Iron

A

Semi-refined molten iron produced by the blast furnace

70
Q

Slag

A

A product of the iron and steel making furnaces

71
Q

Steel

A

A material composed primarily of iron less than 2% carbon, and small percentages of other alloying elements

72
Q

Body-Centered Cubic

A

One of the common types of unit cells. This arrangement is typical of the ferritic form of iron

73
Q

Face-Centered Cubic

A

Unit cells in which atoms are located on eadch corner and the center of each face of a cube

74
Q

Body-Centered Tetragonal

A

This arrangement is typical of the martensitic form of iron

75
Q

Close-Packed Hexagonal

A

Iron does not take this crystalline form

76
Q

Space Lattice

A

The organized arrangement of atoms in a crystal

77
Q

Unit Cell

A

The most fundamental arrangement of atoms in a space lattice

78
Q

Austenite

A

One of the basic steel structures wherein carbon is dissolved in iron. It occurs at elevated temperature

79
Q

Cementite

A

Very hard structural form of low temperature steel that contains more that .8% carbon

80
Q

Ferrite

A

a form of pure iron with a body-centered cubic crystal structure, occurring in low-carbon steel.

81
Q

Pearlite

A

A structural form of low-temperature steel that contains a very small percentage of carbon

82
Q

Eutectic

A

The minimum temperature at which a liquid alloy transforms into two or more separate solid phase structures

83
Q

Eutectoid

A

On an iron carvon phase diagram the point where the upper transformation temperature line, the lower transformation temperature line and the .8% carbon line intersect.

84
Q

Solidus

A

a curve in a graph of the temperature and composition of a mixture, below which the substance is entirely solid.

85
Q

Liquidus

A

a curve in a graph of the temperature and composition of a mixture, above which the substance is entirely liquid.

86
Q

Upper Transformation Temperature

A

Temperature at which the transformation of ferrite pearlite and cementite to austenite is complete and the body centered cubic structure has completely changed to face-centered cubic

87
Q

Martensite

A

A very hared strong brittle structure of steel produced when steel is rapidly quenched after having been transformed into austenite

88
Q

Hypereutectiod

A

on an iron-carbon phase diagram, the region representing steel that contains less than .8% carbon

89
Q

Hypoeutectoid

A

ON an iron-carbon phase diagram the region representing steel that contains less than .8% carbon

Metallurgy (1 decks)

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