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midterm Flashcards

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0
Q

geoffery chaucer

A

wrote the canterbury tales

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1
Q

Canterbury Tales

A

makes english a respectable language. latin going out of style. written by geoffrey chaucer

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2
Q

David

A

a sculpture made out of marble by Michelangelo

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3
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

wrote the prince, supported Absolute monarchy, thomas hobbes

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4
Q

Leonardo de Vinci

A

painted the mona lisa, made weapons, good at a lot of stuff

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5
Q

michelangelo

A

sculptor and he painted the sistine chapel ceiling

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6
Q

raphael

A

renaissance artist, painted the school of athens

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7
Q

the school of athens

A

painting of ancient philosophers - represents rebirth from the dark ages

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8
Q

donatello

A

master of the renaissance who sculpted

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9
Q

the prince

A

book written by machiavelli on how to maintain leadership

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10
Q

The middle men

A

people in the middle east who controlled trade. increased price of an item. spice trade becomes important bc they want to cut out the middle men

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11
Q

95 thesis

A

written by martin luther. complains about indulgences. money is being used for art instead of helping the poor. poor people couldn’t afford indulgences as well

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12
Q

martin luther

A

living in holy roman empire. monk. did not believe with some of the thins that the catholic church said. did not want complete separation from the church, just wants to change some things. called a heretic

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13
Q

charles V (5th)

A

emperor of the holy roman empire. charged by pope to find martin luther and burn him at the stake. passes the edict of worms

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14
Q

edict of worms

A

makes an luther an outlaw and BURNED AT THE STAKE

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15
Q

peace of Augsburg

A

wipes out the edict of worms. luther is no longer an outlaw

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16
Q

printing press

A

helped spread the 95 thesis. made by Johannes guttenburg. spreads ideas of the reformation

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17
Q

henry VIII (8th)

A

wants to divorce mary bc she didnt give him a son. pope wont pass the papers bc charles V is related to mary and he doesnt want to piss of charles since charles is bringing in the money. henry creates the church of england or (anglicanism). the act of supremacy gives him the role to be head of the church

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18
Q

john calvin/calvinsim

A

spiritual philosopher. preaches predestination

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19
Q

johannes kepler

A

believes in the heliocentric theory and adds that the planets move in an elliptical manner

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20
Q

nicholas copernicus

A

comes up with the heliocentric theory. polish

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21
Q

geocentric theory

A

earth is at the center of the solar system

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22
Q

heliocentric

A

sun is at the center

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23
Q

anton von leewenhoek

A

perfects microscope ands studies cells and bacteria

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24
sir frances bacon
creates scientific theory
25
galileo galilei
creates telescope, believed in the heliocentric theory, declared crazy. apologizes for his beliefs bc the church was gonna kill him if he didnt say he was wrong
26
sir isaac newton
discovers the theory of gravity and the laws of motion
27
vasco de gama
portguese. first european to sail around the southern tip of Africa
28
ferdinand magellan
spain. first european to travel all around the world. discovered the philippines
29
privateer
pirate thats given legal permission to be a pirate
30
Aztec empire
natives of central america-mexico. conquered by fernando cortes. had silver mines that spanish wanted
31
inca empire
modern day peru. spanish wanted their gold mines
32
marco polo
first european to travel to asia along the silk road reaching china. journey takes 24 years
33
sir francis drake
english privateer. 1st caption to survive circumnavigate the globe. defeats the spanish armada in 1588
34
hernando cortes
conquers aztec empire. conquistador
35
francisco pizzarro
conquers the inca empire. Names new captial- Lima
36
slightly a jar door policy
japan's policy that they are only gonna trade with the dutch and not the porteguese or spanish bc they want to keep their religion (shinto) and not have catholicism forced upon them
37
goals of the dutch explorers
trade, dont convert
38
goals of the spanish and portguese
take land, convert, dominate
39
spanish armada
naval fleet from spanish sent to defeat england. failed thanks to sir francis drake. want England catholic again and avenge henry VIII's treatment of Catherine of aragon
40
Elizabeth I
tudor family. funds william shakespeare. does a lot to advance political power and culture of england
41
middle passage
portions of triangle trade where africans were sent to the new world to be slaves for cash crops
42
Columbian exchange
culture, disease, foods, crops, exchanged between the new and old world. named after Christopher columbus
43
Triangular Trade
weapons from Europe to africa africa sends slaves to europeans slaves grow cash crops which are sent to europe
44
Mercantilism
economic theory. export more than importing. each company wants to keep their reserve of gold. Colonies could only trade with their parent company.
45
Northwest passage
salve passage. goal was to go through Canada to get to wherever they needed to go
46
Gold, God, GLory
3gs. conquistadors mission
47
Instant wealth
gold, silver, jewels. stuff that can be used immediately as money
48
Encomienda System
enslavement of native americans by the spanish. Natives die from disease, new land so they could escape easier. Bartomome de las casa argues against it (shouldn't enslave christians) this leads the african slave trade
49
Cash crops
crops grown specifically to sell for cash (corn, cotton, tobacco)
50
inflation
prices go up and purchasing price of money decreases - money is worth less
51
Absolute Monarch
government under complete control of the king. Finance, social, military issues. touched every layer of your life. they are arbitray-what they want when they want
52
Limited/ Constitutional Monarchy
when the king does not have total control. he has other forms of the government helping him. This is usually a constitution that gives rights to the people
53
Divine Rights of Kings
belief that kings receive their power from god and they are only answerable to god
54
Serfdom
pay taxes in the form of farming and crops. During medieval times, lords who have money and land, would let people live on their land. they are permanently bound to that land for saftey but in return they have to pay crops in fee. this is a dark age idea and the renaissance tries to put an end to serfdom
55
Cavaliers
``` high wealthy class formed to fight the roundheads pro-king and absolutism supports charles I they do not win smaller part of society not trained well ```
56
oliver cromwell
originally was a roundhead turns into the new model army by training them tries to make england a puritan society (no music, alcohol, focus on god only) calls himself the lord protector essentially becomes dictator
57
charles I of england
executed bc he disbands parliament signs petition of rights by disbanding parliament he can collect taxes
58
english bill of rights
gives power to parliament and away from kingg
59
roundheads
lead by Oliver cromwell came mostly from the house of commons and parliament against the king collecting taxes later called the new model army
60
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Finance minister for Louis XIV tries to strengthen the economy tries to get canada off the ground by sending french protestants to canada louis wont let him
61
peter the great
emperor of russia thought economy was backwards wanted country to move foward and be like england puts port city along baltic sea called st. petersburg
62
Louis XIII (13th)
cardinal richelieu ruled in his place (as a regent)
63
window to the west
in st. petersburg | wants to make russia a western country
64
catherine the great
peter's successor gets warm water port gets from the ottoman empire
65
fredrick the great
went to war with marie therese of Austria helps partition poland build up their army bc theyre weak
66
war of austrian succession
between prussian and austrians over the holy roman empire | prussia needed to rebuild their army bc they're on a have a flat land and there was no protection of natural borders
67
thirty years war
war between catholics and protestants | france takes protestant side so they can take the land
68
cardinal richelieu
finance for Louis XIII - regent that actually ruled france
69
mercenary
hired soldier
70
peace of westphalia
ends the thirty years war gives Alsace Lorraine to france splits the holy roman empire into over 300 kingdoms
71
seven years war
1763 war ends | also known as the french and indian war
72
versailles palace
built by louis XIV
73
James I Charles I Charles II James II
stuart kings in order
74
Charles II
opens up playhouses and entertainment in England Anglican called the restoration
75
james I
``` grandfather of charles II succeeded elizabeth (tudor family) starts the stuart line and brings the theory of Divine Rights of King with him ```
76
james II
``` not popular overthrow bring in his daughter mary and her husband william peaceful transition- Glorious Revolution sign english bill of rights in 1689 ```
77
hapsburg family
catholic Austrian family rulers
78
hohnzollern family
lutheran prussians
79
Prussia
military state north german state new type of money take control from austrian hapsburgs

history (2 decks)

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