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midterm Flashcards

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0
Q

geoffery chaucer

A

wrote the canterbury tales

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1
Q

Canterbury Tales

A

makes english a respectable language. latin going out of style. written by geoffrey chaucer

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2
Q

David

A

a sculpture made out of marble by Michelangelo

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3
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

wrote the prince, supported Absolute monarchy, thomas hobbes

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4
Q

Leonardo de Vinci

A

painted the mona lisa, made weapons, good at a lot of stuff

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5
Q

michelangelo

A

sculptor and he painted the sistine chapel ceiling

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6
Q

raphael

A

renaissance artist, painted the school of athens

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7
Q

the school of athens

A

painting of ancient philosophers - represents rebirth from the dark ages

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8
Q

donatello

A

master of the renaissance who sculpted

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9
Q

the prince

A

book written by machiavelli on how to maintain leadership

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10
Q

The middle men

A

people in the middle east who controlled trade. increased price of an item. spice trade becomes important bc they want to cut out the middle men

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11
Q

95 thesis

A

written by martin luther. complains about indulgences. money is being used for art instead of helping the poor. poor people couldn’t afford indulgences as well

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12
Q

martin luther

A

living in holy roman empire. monk. did not believe with some of the thins that the catholic church said. did not want complete separation from the church, just wants to change some things. called a heretic

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13
Q

charles V (5th)

A

emperor of the holy roman empire. charged by pope to find martin luther and burn him at the stake. passes the edict of worms

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14
Q

edict of worms

A

makes an luther an outlaw and BURNED AT THE STAKE

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15
Q

peace of Augsburg

A

wipes out the edict of worms. luther is no longer an outlaw

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16
Q

printing press

A

helped spread the 95 thesis. made by Johannes guttenburg. spreads ideas of the reformation

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17
Q

henry VIII (8th)

A

wants to divorce mary bc she didnt give him a son. pope wont pass the papers bc charles V is related to mary and he doesnt want to piss of charles since charles is bringing in the money. henry creates the church of england or (anglicanism). the act of supremacy gives him the role to be head of the church

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18
Q

john calvin/calvinsim

A

spiritual philosopher. preaches predestination

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19
Q

johannes kepler

A

believes in the heliocentric theory and adds that the planets move in an elliptical manner

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20
Q

nicholas copernicus

A

comes up with the heliocentric theory. polish

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21
Q

geocentric theory

A

earth is at the center of the solar system

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22
Q

heliocentric

A

sun is at the center

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23
Q

anton von leewenhoek

A

perfects microscope ands studies cells and bacteria

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24
Q

sir frances bacon

A

creates scientific theory

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25
Q

galileo galilei

A

creates telescope, believed in the heliocentric theory, declared crazy. apologizes for his beliefs bc the church was gonna kill him if he didnt say he was wrong

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26
Q

sir isaac newton

A

discovers the theory of gravity and the laws of motion

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27
Q

vasco de gama

A

portguese. first european to sail around the southern tip of Africa

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28
Q

ferdinand magellan

A

spain. first european to travel all around the world. discovered the philippines

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29
Q

privateer

A

pirate thats given legal permission to be a pirate

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30
Q

Aztec empire

A

natives of central america-mexico. conquered by fernando cortes. had silver mines that spanish wanted

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31
Q

inca empire

A

modern day peru. spanish wanted their gold mines

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32
Q

marco polo

A

first european to travel to asia along the silk road reaching china. journey takes 24 years

33
Q

sir francis drake

A

english privateer. 1st caption to survive circumnavigate the globe. defeats the spanish armada in 1588

34
Q

hernando cortes

A

conquers aztec empire. conquistador

35
Q

francisco pizzarro

A

conquers the inca empire. Names new captial- Lima

36
Q

slightly a jar door policy

A

japan’s policy that they are only gonna trade with the dutch and not the porteguese or spanish bc they want to keep their religion (shinto) and not have catholicism forced upon them

37
Q

goals of the dutch explorers

A

trade, dont convert

38
Q

goals of the spanish and portguese

A

take land, convert, dominate

39
Q

spanish armada

A

naval fleet from spanish sent to defeat england. failed thanks to sir francis drake. want England catholic again and avenge henry VIII’s treatment of Catherine of aragon

40
Q

Elizabeth I

A

tudor family. funds william shakespeare. does a lot to advance political power and culture of england

41
Q

middle passage

A

portions of triangle trade where africans were sent to the new world to be slaves for cash crops

42
Q

Columbian exchange

A

culture, disease, foods, crops, exchanged between the new and old world. named after Christopher columbus

43
Q

Triangular Trade

A

weapons from Europe to africa
africa sends slaves to europeans
slaves grow cash crops which are sent to europe

44
Q

Mercantilism

A

economic theory. export more than importing. each company wants to keep their reserve of gold. Colonies could only trade with their parent company.

45
Q

Northwest passage

A

salve passage. goal was to go through Canada to get to wherever they needed to go

46
Q

Gold, God, GLory

A

3gs. conquistadors mission

47
Q

Instant wealth

A

gold, silver, jewels. stuff that can be used immediately as money

48
Q

Encomienda System

A

enslavement of native americans by the spanish. Natives die from disease, new land so they could escape easier. Bartomome de las casa argues against it (shouldn’t enslave christians) this leads the african slave trade

49
Q

Cash crops

A

crops grown specifically to sell for cash (corn, cotton, tobacco)

50
Q

inflation

A

prices go up and purchasing price of money decreases - money is worth less

51
Q

Absolute Monarch

A

government under complete control of the king. Finance, social, military issues. touched every layer of your life. they are arbitray-what they want when they want

52
Q

Limited/ Constitutional Monarchy

A

when the king does not have total control. he has other forms of the government helping him. This is usually a constitution that gives rights to the people

53
Q

Divine Rights of Kings

A

belief that kings receive their power from god and they are only answerable to god

54
Q

Serfdom

A

pay taxes in the form of farming and crops. During medieval times, lords who have money and land, would let people live on their land. they are permanently bound to that land for saftey but in return they have to pay crops in fee. this is a dark age idea and the renaissance tries to put an end to serfdom

55
Q

Cavaliers

A 
high wealthy class formed to fight the roundheads
pro-king and absolutism
supports charles I
they do not win
smaller part of society
not trained well
56
Q

oliver cromwell

A

originally was a roundhead
turns into the new model army by training them
tries to make england a puritan society (no music, alcohol, focus on god only)
calls himself the lord protector
essentially becomes dictator

57
Q

charles I of england

A

executed bc he disbands parliament
signs petition of rights
by disbanding parliament he can collect taxes

58
Q

english bill of rights

A

gives power to parliament and away from kingg

59
Q

roundheads

A

lead by Oliver cromwell
came mostly from the house of commons and parliament
against the king collecting taxes
later called the new model army

60
Q

Jean Baptiste Colbert

A

Finance minister for Louis XIV
tries to strengthen the economy
tries to get canada off the ground by sending french protestants to canada
louis wont let him

61
Q

peter the great

A

emperor of russia
thought economy was backwards
wanted country to move foward and be like england
puts port city along baltic sea called st. petersburg

62
Q

Louis XIII (13th)

A

cardinal richelieu ruled in his place (as a regent)

63
Q

window to the west

A

in st. petersburg

wants to make russia a western country

64
Q

catherine the great

A

peter’s successor
gets warm water port
gets from the ottoman empire

65
Q

fredrick the great

A

went to war with marie therese of Austria
helps partition poland
build up their army bc theyre weak

66
Q

war of austrian succession

A

between prussian and austrians over the holy roman empire

prussia needed to rebuild their army bc they’re on a have a flat land and there was no protection of natural borders

67
Q

thirty years war

A

war between catholics and protestants

france takes protestant side so they can take the land

68
Q

cardinal richelieu

A

finance for Louis XIII - regent that actually ruled france

69
Q

mercenary

A

hired soldier

70
Q

peace of westphalia

A

ends the thirty years war
gives Alsace Lorraine to france
splits the holy roman empire into over 300 kingdoms

71
Q

seven years war

A

1763 war ends

also known as the french and indian war

72
Q

versailles palace

A

built by louis XIV

73
Q

James I
Charles I
Charles II
James II

A

stuart kings in order

74
Q

Charles II

A

opens up playhouses and entertainment in England
Anglican
called the restoration

75
Q

james I

A 
grandfather of charles II
succeeded elizabeth (tudor family)
starts the stuart line and brings the theory of Divine Rights of King with him
76
Q

james II

A 
not popular
overthrow
bring in his daughter mary and her husband william
peaceful transition- Glorious Revolution
sign english bill of rights in 1689
77
Q

hapsburg family

A

catholic Austrian family rulers

78
Q

hohnzollern family

A

lutheran prussians

79
Q

Prussia

A

military state
north german state
new type of money
take control from austrian hapsburgs

history (2 decks)

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