Midterm Flashcards
What is a State?
An independent legal entity with a government, that exercises control over its territory and population.
What is a Nation?
People who associate themselves within a certain group that share the same ethnicity, culture, or language.
What is State Sovereignty?
An independent state w/ supreme authority to manage internal affairs, and foreign relations.
What is an Actor?
An Indiv. Group, State, or Org. that plays a major role in world politics.
What is an Ethnic Group?
People whose identity’s defined by sharing a common ancestral nationality, language, and cultural heritage.
What is Mirror Imaging?
To see others the same hostile way others see them. (State or people).
What are Enduring Rivalries?
Mutual hatred that leads actors to feud for a while without resolution.
What is Anarchy?
Actors in the global system have few if any overarching institutions to solve conflict.
What is Cognitive Dissonance?
Rejecting new information because it’s not consistent with preexisting beliefs.
What is Schematic Reasoning?
Based on our current perceptions this is how we interpret new information.
What does the Indiv. Level of Analysis focus on?
People(Who make foreign policy decisions for the state and other global actors)
What does the State Level of Analysis focus on?
How the characteristics of states affect foreign policy. (EX: RICH V POOR/ COMM/ CAPITAL. DEM V AUTHORITARIAN)
What does the Global Level of Analysis focus on?
The system, Ex: Anarchy, economic system, and Polarity.
What is Realism?
Power. States are the greatest actor, and humans are selfish and evil.
What is Liberalism?
Cooperation. believes anarchy and war can be policed by institutional reforms.
What is Constructivism?
Ideas and norms, and how foreign policy is affected by these things.
What is Zero- Sum?
An exchange in which what is gained by one is lost by another.
What is Positive Sum Gains?
A win- win situation where no one person benefits more.
What is Collective Security?
An security regime set by Great power to keep peace. but an act of aggression from any state will be met by a response from the rest of the states.
What is Dependency Theory?
Because of global capitalism less developed countries are dependent on rich countries that create rules for trade and production.
What is Marxism?
Great powers conquering foreign people by military power and creating colonies for financial exploitation.
What is the Feminist Critique?
All of the theories are gender based, and masculinity causes certain outcomes.
What is Rational Choice Theory?
A cost-benefit analysis determining what the best option is to achieve the highest goals.
What does the Bureaucratic Politics Model state?
Foreign policy choices based on bargaining and compromises among competing gov. agencies
What does the History-Making Individuals model state/ Examples?
Certain policy choices (That affect course of history) are made because of a certain person in office (EX: Hitler, or Bush Doctrine)
What are Policy Agendas?
The changing list of problems to which Gov. pay special attention at any given moment.
What is Groupthink?
Making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility
What is Polarity?
The number of centers of powers based on military and economic power.
What does the Bush Doctrine State?
Under George Bush Admin. This was the policy that stated the US will make decisions to meet america’s national interest and not listen to any other countries.
What does Prospect Theory state?
People base their choices off of potential gains and losses (People w/ gains- Risk Averese, People with losses- Risk seeking.)
What is Game Theory?
Outcome are determined by the choice of all actors, not just one single actors preference.
What are the causes of the Cold War on a Global Level of analysis?
Realism-Power transition propelled US/USSR to top of global power hierarchy- competing alliances, the US trying to contain communism.
What are the causes of the Cold war on the State level of Analysis?
Ideological struggle, w/ belief that capitalism and communism could not peacefully co-exist.
What are the causes of the Cold war on the Individual level of analysis?
Constructed perspectives of each others motives, and mirror imaging. EX: Reagan’s tough policy and arms race Truman doctrine.
What are the consequences of the Cold war?
Devolution of USSR, US Hegemony, Communism no longer a contending theory, Unipolarity.
What is Hegemony?
A single powerful state that exercises predominant influence over global actors
What is Systemic Change?
When there is a change in polarity, ex:Multi, Bi, and Uni.
What is Nationalism?
glorifying a certain states interest as the supreme value.
What is Colonialism?
when an external sovereign power rules a region.
What is Imperialism?
Extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
What is Structuralism?
The changing distribution of power in an anarchical system determines the behaviors of states.
What are the role of International Orgs?
Maintain international peace ad stability through the act of the international communities interest instead of just one state.
What is the Global North?
Wealthy industrialized countries, located primarily in the northern hemisphere.
What is the Global South?
Less-Developed countries, located primarily in the southern hemisphere. known as “Third World”
What is Third World?
It is a cold war term for the global south because of the other countries bsides the bipolar.
What is the First World?
Cold war term for Global North Democracies.
What are Small Powers?
Countries with limited political, military, or economic capabilities and influence.
What are Emerging Powers?
Countries with rising econ, militia, and politics. that seek a ore assertive role in intl relations.
What is Decolonization?
Process in which sovereign independence was achieved by previously colon. countries.
What is Mercantilism?
A gov. trade strategy for accumulating state wealth and power. encourage exports no imports. internal growth/wealth.
What is Liberal econ theory?
Free markets, trade, and choice, Laissez-Faire.
What is Laissez-Faire?
Limited Gov. interference.
What is the difference between Modernazation/ Dependency theory?
Modernization- W/ the certain policies and structures countries can become apart pf global south
Dependency-Countries in GS rely too much on global north help to progress.
What’s the difference between Import-Substitution industrialization, and Export led Growth?
ISI- Focuses on buying domestic discorages buying imported
ELG- Focuses on upward mobility by selling certain things that the world needs.
What is the difference between IGO’S And NGO’S
IGO’S- (UN) Collection of states that maintain global peace and stability
NGO’S- A collection of individuals advocating for a certain policy (WWF)
What is Responsible Sovereignty?
A principle that requires states to protect not only their own people but to protect global resources and transnational threats.
What are Violent Extremist Groups?
Religious extremist seeking Gov. change, or Ethnic/national groups seeking the same/ self-determination.
What are Multinational Corporations?
has facilities in at least one other country, and are Advocates of liberal free trade, and impacts state sovereignty and politics.
How do multinational corps impact state sovereignty and politics?
They have ability to transfer profits to avoid taxes,and production to avoid legal regulations.
