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English Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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0
Q

what was the first permanent english settlement?

A

Jamestown, Virginia

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1
Q

According to the text book, what three aspects of puritan influence continue today?

A

The work ethic, goal-centeredness and subservience of pleasure to duty.

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2
Q

Name the two things that sustained the pilgrims through hardship.

A

Their will to succeed and confidence in gods providential care.

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3
Q

what was the main motive for migration?

A

Severe repression by the Church of England.

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4
Q

List some other motives for the pilgrims migration

A

Promise of wealth, monarchy restored in england

Parliament passed harsh acts against noncomforists

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5
Q

why did puritanism decline?

A

secular values were replacing religious ones, material prosperity changed peoples worldly interests and goods.

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6
Q

What is the half way covenant and explain.

A

The church wanted to boost attendance but was not successful.

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7
Q

Deism maintained that the solution to mans problems lies in ___ reason rather than ___ revelation of the Bible.

A

human/supernatural

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8
Q

List what deists believe:

A

God does not personally intervene in the operation of the world, man can become greater through education, man is not a flawed fallen creature but a being who can please god by his own works, and mans good on earth will be rewarded in future life and his evil will cause punishment.

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9
Q

what description do deists use for god?

A

“Great first cause”

“clock-winder”

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10
Q

What had to occur before a distinctly american literature could exist?

A

Early writers had to cast off their childlike dependence on english literature.

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11
Q

Once permanent settlements were established the subject matter focused on ___.

A

religion

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12
Q

Toward the end of the 18th century what view of life did most present?

A

Purpose was more secular instruction.

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13
Q

What was the primary purpose of literature in early america?

A

instruction

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14
Q

What style did early puritan writers imitate?

A

plain style

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15
Q

Modern critics unjustly criticized the puritan writings as lacking what?

A

artistry

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16
Q

In “A Description of New England” John Smith argues for worthiness of colonization. List the four powers from most to least important.

A

God, King, country, self

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17
Q

William Bradford

Why did he begin writing “Of Plymouth Plantation”?

A

He feared that the small colony plymouth would be eclipsed one day by much powerful sister colony.

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18
Q

John Wintrhop

What does his journal primarily focus on?

A

Trials and triumphs of the puritans, detailing gods providential care for the colonists.

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19
Q

Anne Bradstreet

What did she accomplish more effectively than any other puritan author?

A

Recording the touchingly human drama of Puritan lfie.

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20
Q

Anne Bradstreet

How does she determine that god is just in “Burning of our House”?

A

She determines God is just because all of her goods and belongings do belong to God himself.

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21
Q

Thomas Paine

Paine served as the major spokesperson for ___.

A

rationalism

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22
Q

Thomas Paine

What providentially hindered his works?

A

Being published during the second great revival.

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23
Q

Hunter Renfroe

Americas first ___ poet.

A

true

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24
Q

Hunter Renfroe

Reflects shift in the literary emphasis from 18th century ___ style to 19th century ___.

A

neoclassic/romanticism

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25
Q

Hunter Renfroe

Shows fundamental switch in the view of ___ and ___.

A

god/man

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26
Q

Phillis Wheatley

What was his message?

A

All men may have redemption through christ and her praise to God for bringing her to America.

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27
Q

Jonathan Edwards

Sermon follows the visual ___ part pattern of Puritan sermon

A

three

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28
Q

Jonathan Edwards

Statements that provide theme/thesis of sermon:

A

It is no security to wicked men for one moment that there are no visible means of death of at hand.
Natural mens prudence and care to preserve them do not secure them.
God has laid himself under no obligation, by any promise, to keep any natural man out of hell one moment.

29
Q

Jonathan Edwards

Least essential theme for proof of theme/thesis:

A

There are in the souls of wicked men - hellish principles reigning into hell fire, if not for gods restraints
In the application sectino, Edwards addresses “YOU” and does this to become more personal in an effort to make his appeal of salvation direct.

30
Q

Benjamin Franklin

Stressed right living as the means to happiness but he encouraged:

A

religious toleration/being fair to all people

31
Q

Benjamin Franklin

Religious views he accepted:

A
  1. God exists and created the world and we are governed by his providenxe.
  2. The soul is immortal
  3. Crime will be punished either this lfe or the next
  4. The mot acceptable service of god is doing good to man
  5. Did not accept that Jesus lived, died, and was ressurected.
32
Q

Benjamin Franklin

Franklins view of Jesus:

A

He provided the best system of morals that ever was or ever will be but, he probably wasn’t divine.

33
Q

Benjamin Franklin

Critics agree that his genius lies in ___ rather than ___.

A

stlye/thought

34
Q

Edward Taylor

Taylor was not well ___.

A

known

35
Q

Edward Taylor

1.6 Why does Taylor want God to be his spectacles?

A

So Taylor can examine himself from God’s perspective to see if he indeed has God’s image.

36
Q

Jonathan Edwards

Main theme

A

“religious knowledge must be in heart not just in head.”

37
Q

Nathaniel Hawthorne

“The birthamark”

A

Hawthorne sets this stroy in the 18th century because the 18th century’s AGE of REASON is appropriate for aylmers character ( who represents an unbalanced over emphasis on the mental part of mankind)

38
Q

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Frequently criticized the unrealistic optimism of ___.

A

Transcendentalism

39
Q

Nathaniel Hawthorne

His literary career can be divided into three stages:

A

Literary preparation, short story, and novel

40
Q

No other 19th century writer was more strongly attracted to American history.

A

Nathaniel Hawthorne

41
Q

He uses historical sitting in his fiction and stresses the universal themes of isolation, guilt and pride.

A

Nathaniel Hawthorne

42
Q

His greatest work was “Moby dick”

A

Herman Melville

43
Q

His own sea experiences provided background for his best fiction.

A

Herman Melville

44
Q

He favored a realistic style, which attempts to represent the word exactly as he saw it.

A

Herman Melville

45
Q

Modern critics are sympathetic to his questions about gods goodness and the existence of meaning in the universe.

A

Herman Melville

46
Q

First American writer to influence three genres: poetry, fiction, and criticism.

A

Edgar Allen Poe

47
Q

Because he believed that mans instincts for truth, beauty and duty were completely independent impulses, poe attacked the view that literature should be means of instruction.

A

Edgar Allen Poe

48
Q

Edgar Allen Poe three principles for literature.

A

A work must have high literary quality, not just typical American content.
A single mood or emotion should dominate the work.
A work should be short enough to be read in one sitting.

49
Q

His central work, a collection of poems refined and revised for 37 years is “leaves of grass”.

A

Walt Whitman

50
Q

Walt Whitman

What are the three dominant symbols in “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard bloom’d”?

A

lilac, star and thrush.

51
Q

Compared to the other New England School poets he used the greatest variety of genres and verse forms.

A

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

52
Q

This introductory poem was part of the larger effort of his translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy from Italian to English.

A

Vivina Commedia

53
Q

Vivina Commedia

Line 12 “The tumult of the time disconsolate” refers to the ___ rather than personal grief.

A

civil war/personal grief

54
Q

Was not the first American poet to be able to make a living off of poetry. (That would be Irving)

A

Lowell

55
Q

the special significance for this one is that “old Ironsides” launched his literary career.

A

Holmes

56
Q

Years of literary spirit of Romanticism

A

1820-1865

57
Q

Washington Irving’s “______” - the first american writer and work to be widely read and respected in both England and the U.S.

A

The Sketch Book

58
Q

The definition of American Renaissance:

A

Five-year burst of creative energy producing influential works by all but one of the periods major writers.

59
Q

What publication caused more controversy than any other in histroy?

A

Charles Darwin’s “origin of species.”

60
Q

Individualism of American Romanticism

A
  • Romantic individualism regarded man as a individual superior to man in the mass.
    • This doctrine of individualism also contributed to the optimistic but naive notion that man is not a fallen creature.
61
Q

Imagination of American Romanticism

A
  • Romantics considered the imagination to be of primary importance in literary creation.
62
Q

Nature of American Romanticism

A
  • Nature provided romantics both the means of knowing truth and the actual subject matter of their literature.
    • Romantic writers gave nature a much higher position of importance over 18th century writers.
    • They believed god is understandable only through nature.
    • Pantheism is a doctrine that equates god with the forces and laws of the universe.
63
Q

The distant of American Romanticism

A
  • The fourth cornerstone of the Romantic Movement was the writers use of distant settings.
    • The two aspects of the sense of distance employed by the romantic writers were space and time.
      The least objectionable of the four elements, to the Puritans would be the distant.
64
Q

Summary of what Romantics believed

A
  • individual man is superior to man in the mass.
    • individual teaching is elevated over the truth revealed in gods word.
    • that man is not a fallen creature, but basically good.
    • that man could fulfill huis potential supernatural regeneration.
    • that the way to improve man was to remove negative influences from his environment.
    • that god is understandable only through nature.
65
Q

Also, the first american writer to emphasize writing for the purpose of entertainment.

A

Washington Irving

66
Q

The literary form created by combining narrative tale and essay of character is the ______.

A

short story

67
Q

What is an aspect of Cooper’s work that has special interest to the christian?

A

The christian values of Natty Bumpo’s character.

68
Q

One of the dominant themes of the novel is that of initiation. (for example the introduction of an untried youth to the harsh realities of life.)

A

Deerslayer

69
Q

Bryant’s poetry is ___ in style but ___ in content.

A

classic/romantic

English Midterm (1 decks)

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