Midterm Flashcards
What is a screening and give an example
It identifies risks of a speech disorder and a pass or fail score will identify a refer or not.
What are the 6 steps of assessment
- Case history
- Planning
- Interview
- Screening
- Comprehension
- Follow up
Delayed Imitation
When you incorporate the word into the sentence; the child needs to recall from their memory what you said
What is a standardized test
Client is shown pictures or photos and are instructed to name the object
Ex. Goldman Fristoe or Photo Artic test
Articulation Test: Advantages
Easy to give and score
List of speech errors
Good for comparison for documenting progress
Articulation test: Disadvantages
Tests sounds in isolated words
Don’t give enough info on phonological system
Don’t typically assess vowels
Limited samples of consonant clusters
What are two forms of tests
Conversational speech assessment and standardized articulation test
Conversational Assessment: advantages
More representative of the child’s true phonological processes
Multiple occurrences of various speech sounds
Child’s phonetic inventory, consistency of errors, level if intelligibility
Rate of speech, loudness, and utterances
Conversational assessment: Disadvantages
Time required
Some resistant to talking
Unintelligible speech hard to analyze
Oral mechanism exam: organic
Some underlying structural, sensory, or neurological cause can be identified
Oral mechanism: functional
A cause cannot be determined
What is DDK
Diadochokinetic syllable rate
Alternating Motion Rates
Measured through the successive repetition of the same syllable
Ex. Pa-Pa-Pa
Sequential motion rates
Assess rapid movement from one articulatory posture to another
Ex. Pataka-pataka
What are the stages of phonological development
Birth to 3 no
4 mo to 6 mo
7 mo to 1 yr
1yr to 2yr
Reduplicated Babbling
Bababababa
Similar strings of consonant vowel productions
Nonreduplicated babbling
Padabada
Variation in vowels and consonants
Jargon
String of babbled utterances that have intonation, rhythm, and pausing
Jargon: Contoids
P,b,t,d,m,n,s,w,h,j,k,g
Jargon: vocoids
Favouring front and central over high and back
Vowel Acquisition: 18 months
i, I, v, e, lulu, a
Vowel acquisition: 24 mo
Everything but er
Early 8
B,p,d,m,n,j,w,h
Age 3
Middle 8
T,k,g,engma,f,v,ch,d3
Age 4-5
Late 8
Sh,3,s,z,l,r,th,th
Age 6
Syllable structure process
- Cluster reduction
- Reduplication
- Initial deletion
- Final deletion
- Weak syllable deletion
- Epenthasis
Substitution process
- Fronting
- Backing
- Stopping
- Gliding
- De/affrication
- Voicing
- Devoicing
Assimilation process
- Nasal assim
- Labial assim
- Velar assim
- Liquid assim
Cluster reduction
Star - sar
Reduplication
Water - wawa
Weak syllable deletion
Banana- nana
Word initial
Word final
House - hou
Cup - up
Fronting
Backing
Shoe - soe
Top - kop
Stopping
Affrication
Gliding
Sun - tun
Shoe - chew
Red - wed
Labial
Velar
Nasal
Liquid
Swing- fwing
Dog - gog
Bunny- nunny
Yellow - lellow
Phonological vs articulation disorder
Phonological they can produce the sounds but don’t when they should
Articulation they can’t produce the sound
Phonology
The study if the sound system of language and includes the rules that govern it spoken form
Phoneme
Is the smallest linguistic unit
Minimal pair
Words that differ by one phoneme
Articulatory phonetics
Sounds may be identified with reference to their production who thin the vocal tract
Vowels
Produced with open vocal tract They are all voiced sounds All vowels are sonorants They create the syllables in words Carry the prosody
au
Bough
aI
Bye
CI
Boy
ju
Beauty
Stops
Complete occlusion at the place of articulation
Fricative a
The active and passive articulators approximate each other so closely that they are escaping airstream causes an audible friction
Nasal
Sounds produced with velum lowered so the air can pass through the nasal cavity
Liquids
Sounds in which the tongue produces a partial closure in the mouth, resulting in a resonant vowel like consonant
Glides
Sounds characterized by a gliding movement of the articulators from a relatively constricted, into a more open position
