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History 103 Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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0
Q

Copernicus

A

Notices knowledge isn’t in sync, emphasizes direct observation of what you are studying (astrology)

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1
Q

Renaissance period…

A

Encouraged people to question world, make progress

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2
Q

Aristotelian (Ptolemaic) universe….

A

Calendar becomes important, finite universe, earth at center of universe–HE WAS ALWAYS WRONG

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3
Q

Brahe

A

Thought Copernicus was wrong even though all evidence proved Copernicus correct

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4
Q

Kepler

A

Student of Brahe who challenged his views, material analysis

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5
Q

Galileo

A

Built telescope, wrote fondly of Copernicus, challenged authority (church) so put under house arrest

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6
Q

Newton

A

Develops gravity/scientific revolution is compete baby

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7
Q

Hobbes

A

Beloved by absolute monarchs
We should observe how ppl once lived to decide how we should live now
State of Nature is chaos, need a.Monarch to bring them out

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8
Q

During the scientific revolution, govt became…

A

Extremely oppressive:
Kings > emperors
Presidents > dictators

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9
Q

Hobbes felt that SoN was bad and…

A

Govt (absolute monarchs) saved ppl from the chaos

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10
Q

Locke disagreed with Hobbes bc

A

The state of nature was not chaotic, all govts are not absolute monarchies

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11
Q

State of Nature definition

A

A state of equality, wherein the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal and no one has more than another

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12
Q

What regulates ppl in the SoN?

A

Reason and individual discretion

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13
Q

Govt comes about in the SON to….

A

Fix inconveniences of the SON

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14
Q

Inconveniences of the SON

A
  • how do you classify and punish crime?
  • who owns private property?
  • how do you determine monetary value?
  • how do you deal with other cultures
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15
Q

Govt occurs when people voluntarily

A

Leave the SON

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16
Q

Govt is put in place when people give up

A

Some of their freedoms to better enjoy conditions that once existed in SON

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17
Q

Locke believed a constitution that I

Is

A

LONG AND CLEAR

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18
Q

Absolutism is wrong bc

A

It’s created by force and force is not natural

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19
Q

Any govt , even monarchy, is okay if…

A

It is not oppressive

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20
Q

Ends of a political society….

A

Enjoy as much freedom as possible with laws

Have power to appeal to commonwealth

Societies made from consent (elections)

21
Q

Commonwealth =

A

Independent community

22
Q

Legislature according to Locke

A

Passes laws by which we left SON, doesn’t have to be there all the time, appointed/election, MUST SERVE, can’t take seat without consent

23
Q

Executive prerogative

A

Leader has the right to make decisions if there are no laws or against the law for the common good

24
Q

Paternal power vs political power vs despotically power

A
  1. Over children til they become adults 2. Must be power of govt limited to constitution 3. Abs power must be eliminated
25
Q

War is only okay (Locke)

A

If all means of peaceful resolvement were exhausted

26
Q

Conquestor’s rights

A

Right over people who participated in war

Once slaves rebuilt country, they are free

27
Q

Majority rule

A

When the majority of the legislature votes for a law, everyone has to obey; no one will be excused from it

28
Q

Tacit consent

A

When the majority of the legislature voted for a law everyone has to obey – no one will be excused from it

29
Q

“Wealth of Nations”

A

Written to show how nations should become wealthy, society has great potential for industrialization

30
Q

Mercantilism definition

A

Govt regulates economy w/ a goal of making govt wealthy

  • some industries public, some private
  • colonies used to benefit motherland
  • told what to sell, price,
31
Q

It is unnatural for people to be regulated by govt bc

A

People are naturally competitive, take pride in what they do, act out of self interest

32
Q

“Iron hand” refers to

A

The natural law of the economy–if everyone does their own thing, it’s going to work

33
Q

In order to finally get rid of mercantilism ..

A
  • no more absolutism

- lessen agriculture and increase industry

34
Q

Smith prefers free trade with…

A
  • some restraints just to protect us

- burden is on individual to act wisely

35
Q

Advances in industrialism proposed by Smith:

A
  • set prices
  • set salaries
  • assembly line
  • non family members employed
36
Q

Division of labor:

A
  • saves time
  • increases quality and quantity
  • leads to new inventions
37
Q

Extent of market refers to

A

How much money you make depending on how far you can spread your market

38
Q

According to Smith, Wealth is measured by

A

How much of one’s wants and needs can be purchased

39
Q

The ideal set of currency would be

A

Coins: hard to forge, little use in value but use I’m exchange

40
Q

Price =

A
  1. How much it cost producer to make

2. How much labor it took buyer to afford

41
Q

Real price =

A

Price in labor

42
Q

Real price is made up of

A

Natural price + market price

43
Q

Natural price includes

A

All of the costs involved in production, transportation, advertising (labor, profit, rent)

44
Q

Market price depends on

A

Supply and demand

45
Q

Nominal price =

A

Price on ticket

46
Q

Supply and demand fluctuate bc

A

Socioeconomic position, season, demographics

47
Q

The social contract is

A

The unwritten contract people have with each other to act for the common good

48
Q

We need laws bc (Rousseau) bc

A

Certain factions of people will try to go against the majority and act in ways that violate the social contract

49
Q

Rousseau’s tranquil dungeon theory explains

A

That even though we see a problem/need for change, we won’t act upon it because we don’t want to cause a scene

50
Q

Rousseau says that if we see a problem in something…

A

We must address it. Tranquility is only good if all problems are solved

History 103 Midterm (1 decks)

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