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Personality And Social Structure > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

The field of culture and personality is concerned with.. Secondary

A

Configurations in which the pattering and organization of the whole is more important than any of the components parts l.

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1
Q

The field of culture and personality is concerned with..

A

The ways in which culture of a society influence the persons who grow up within it.

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2
Q
  1. A fundamental issue of cross-cultural psychological research is that..
A

Most propositions of personality and human behavior have been established from a western perspective. Was ethnocentric and generalized from a bias sample.
- because came from white males mostly college students

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3
Q

2 a secondary. A fundamental issue of cross-cultural psychological research is that…

A

Western psychology is rooted in an ideology of individualism, rationality, and empiricism that has little resonance in many of the more than 5000 culture found in today world.

Textbooks& journals are filled with concepts, theories, and research finding that at the surface appear applicable to all humans

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4
Q

3a cultural learning depends on

A

Symbols

  • – symbolic learning for language
  • you do not need schools and it can be passed form a oral tradition
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5
Q

3a symbols example are

A

Hand gesture, body positions, colors

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6
Q
  1. Enculturation to a particular society involves
A

Conscious and unconscious leaning.
It is how we acquire our first culture, through observing and imitating others.

Internalizing cultural traditions.. Sometime it is taught directly.

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7
Q
  1. Enculturation to a particular society involves secondary
A

Require that both the social world and the child engage with their ideal social inheritance so child can become an adult member

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8
Q

5 when it says culture is patterned what does it mean?

A

Cultures train their individuals members to share certain personality traits (all interconnected or shared)

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9
Q

5 when it says culture is patterned what does it mean? (Secondary)

A

American core values: work ethics, individualism, achievement, self reliance

Different values patterned with other cultures.

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10
Q

5 when it says culture is patterned what does it mean? (Third)

A

Culture is a system where all components are interconnected and is passed on from generation to generation as a package

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11
Q
  1. Ethnocentrism who coined term?
A

Summers

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12
Q
  1. Definition of ethnocentrism.
A

Tendency to view ones own culture as superior and to apply ones own cultural values i judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures.

Believed to be a universal phenomenon

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13
Q
  1. Other forms of ethnocentrism
A

With or without hostility towards out groups– always involving the tendency to elevate ones own group.

Students in different cultures show differ levels of ethnocentrism.

Connection between ethnocentrism and authoritarianism and ethno and fundamentalism.

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14
Q

Ethnocentrism levels?

A

Vary from culture to culture and exposure to diversity is likely to play a contributing role in reducing it.

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15
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Argument that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another.

Idea we should study cultures in a non-objective way/not filter things our lens.

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16
Q
  1. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology

1

A

By agreement with experts

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17
Q
  1. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology (2)
A

By deviating from the mean: use of scales and measurement

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18
Q
  1. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology (3)
A

By assessment of function - condition that provides heathy or u health is bases for judgement. Judges primary by its impact on the individual, others, and the environment

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19
Q
  1. Distinguishing normality v. Pathology (4)
A

By social judgment: decision is subject to the social knowledge and attitudes found in member of society

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20
Q
  1. If the variable of socio- cultural environment favors the development of certain psychopathology, that pathology will be
A

More prevalent

If environment doesn’t favor will be less prevalent

21
Q

10a. Abram kardiners Concept of basics personality structure focuses on..

A

Role played by deeply unconscious motives whose play facilitates or hampers survival and other adaptive tasks in charge of the ego.

  • was concerned with elements of individuals social relationships
22
Q

10 b. Abram hardiness concept of basic personality structure focus on..

A

Basic personality arises out of relatively common experience.

Additional info.

  • psychoanalyst
    Believe culture presented as cause of different personality across culture
23
Q
  1. Abram kardiners primary institutions will ( primary)
A

Cultural practices that infants and children meet in the way they are fed, receive affection, become potty trained, learn to handle sex, dependence, and hostility

  • include individuals earliest experience and trauma being included in that
24
Q
  1. Abram kardiners primary institutions will (secondary)
A

Depends primary on parent economic roles
Time spent child rearing

– they will effect the basic personally functions
Early trauma leave a lasting effect

25
Q

12 according to abram kardiners secondary institutions will

A

Expressive mechanism/ behaviors that allow people to maintain relative equilibrium by discharging tension emanating from those enduring traces of unhappy early experience
- activists people take part in allow ego opportunity to assert itself and take vengeance on parent and test growing independence

26
Q
  1. Example of Expressive mechanism
A

Religion, folklore, dance

27
Q
  1. Which of the following statement best describes origins or birth of psychological and anthropology and cross cultural studies
A

Cross-cultural work appeared early in twentieth century.
Edward Sapir
Wihelm Wundt - folk psycjology 1916
Rivers conducted visual perception across cultures

28
Q
  1. Who was the father of modern American anthropology
A

Franz boas

- departure from racist interpretation to scientific approach

29
Q
  1. Ruth bendict explained the congruency btwn personality and culture in
A

Culture is the personality of society

Influence by Nichi
Everything should be seen and inter-involved
Was proving cultural relativism
Culture and personality are so interconnect they must be viewed together.

30
Q
  1. A significant critic a of Ruth be edicts pattern of culture is
A
  1. She never addressed within culture differences
    Cultures are not homogenous as she proposed
    Degree of interculure variation
    Did not use enough quantitative data
    Lacked uniformity in study
31
Q
  1. What is individualism
A

The idea that the individual’s life belongs to him and he had an inalienable right to live it as he sees fit, to act on his own judgement, to keep and use the product his effort and to pursue the values of his choosing

32
Q
  1. What is collectivism
A

The idea that the individual’s life belongs not to him but to the group of society of which he is merely a part, that he has no rights, and that he must sacrifice his values for the groups greater.

Chinese

33
Q
  1. Emic approach to study
A

Inside view, hearing from the actor.
- phonemics are sounds hah distinguish languages from one another, leading to the use of emic.
- has the px explain their pt of view
Tell me what is it like too..

34
Q
  1. Qualitative method that are emic
A

Purposive sampling
Naturalistic observation
Field notes, coding, theme analysis, case study, life history,

35
Q

Every culture recognizes the value of intelligence

Etic v. Emic

A

Etic

36
Q

Every culture differs widely in specific aspects of intelligence (type of speed o f problem solving)

Emic or Etic

A

Emic

37
Q

– approach involves study of a particular culture, usually from within from the perspective of the members in the culture. Ex indigenous psychology

A

Emic

38
Q

Cross cultural commonality

Emic or Etic

A

Etic

39
Q

Meaningful concepts within a specific culture

Emic or Etic

A

Emic

40
Q
  1. A key difference between cultural and General psychology is that..
A

Culture tend to dish cultures quite different from their own, interested in natural non-contrived setting and situations, and focus on context.

  • hybrid of psychology and anthropology see psychology as context bound concepts

See culture as internal to person.

41
Q

What is indigenous psychopathology

A

Made up

42
Q

What is emic?

A

I as a researcher can not have preto sides ideas. I want person to tell me from their pt of view. Quantitative methods are used but they are time consuming.

43
Q

What is Etic

A 
Preconceived idea of what behavior is like and your filter this based on those assumptions. Quantitative methods are used
Experimentation,
Field experiments
Quads experiments 
Human cognition and behavior
44
Q

Emic and Etic defined

A

Evolved from linguistic usage describing to evaluative.

Phonetic - given rise to Etic because all languages have phonetics

Phonemics - sounds that distinguishes languages from one another, uses emic as term to den oct a dilute limited

45
Q

Cross cultures commonalities (Etic approach)

A

That is likely to investigate one of more characteristics or multiple cultures, often from the outside imposing external measurements.

46
Q

Dangers d Etic

A

Researches maybe tempted to impose their own board and expectations on other cultures and resulted lose opportunity for meaningful comparison

47
Q

What is conceptual equivalence

A

When conducting cross cultural research experimenter must monitor the degree to which their methodology is equivalent across cultures and groups.

48
Q

Three sources or no equivalence.

A

Translation, conceptual, metic,

Researches can introduce conceptual non equivalence event through demographic forms bed use it maybe difficult to control from ages sex religions

49
Q

What is metric equivalence

A

The ability to compare the specific scores on a scale of interest across cultures. May not exist within a culture when studying a diverse popularity..

  • age, impact completion of time yet l, physical ability, varying culture norms may impact
50
Q

What is transductive causality

A

An overt limitation of the pre-operational stage.

Personality And Social Structure (1 decks)

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