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Soil Science > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

5 soil forming factors

A

time, climate, biota, topography, and PARENT MATERIAL

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2
Q

Soil Forming Factors: Losses

A

Losses, translocations, transformations

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3
Q

Master Horizon: A

A

mineral horizon at surface or below O

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4
Q

Master Horizon: O

A

organic surface layer

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5
Q

Master Horizon: E

A

Elluvial horizon, loss of OM, clay, and Fe/Al

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6
Q

Master Horizon: B

A

Illuvial horizon, subsurface with clay and/or Fe accumulation

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7
Q

Master Horizon: C

A

Unweathered, unconsolidated material (parent)

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8
Q

Master Horizon: R

A

consolidated bedrock

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9
Q

Subordinate Distinctions: e

A

intermediate decomposition

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10
Q

Subordinate Distinctions: g

A

strong gleying

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11
Q

Subordinate Distinctions: o

A

accumulation of Fe and Al oxides

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12
Q

Subordinate Distinctions: i

A

slight decomposition

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13
Q

Subordinate Distinctions: x

A

fragipan

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14
Q

Subordinate Distinctions: t

A

silicate clay accumulation

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15
Q

pedon

A

smallest sampling unit with full range of properties characteristic of that soil

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16
Q

polypedon

A

group of similar peons

17
Q

soil individual

18
Q

Temperature Regime order

A

cryic, frigid, mesic, thermic

19
Q

Diagnostic Epipedon: Mollic

A

dark colored (high OM) >50% base saturation

20
Q

Diagnostic Epipedon: Histic

A

surface organic horizon, saturated half of year

21
Q

Moisture Regime order

A

aquic, udic, ustic, aridic, xeric

22
Q

Diagnostic Endopedon: Argillic

A

illuvial accumulation of silicate clays, Bt horizon

23
Q

Diagnostic Endopedon: Oxic

A

very highly weathered

24
Q

ENTisols

A

youngest, no B horizon, low OM, desert tundra area

25
Q

IncEPTisols

A

Weakly developed, tundra mountain area, low OM

26
Q

ANDisols

A

volcanic ash soils, high OM

27
Q

GELisols

A

frozen most of the year

28
Q

VERTisols

A

shrink swell soil, poor horizon development

29
Q

MOLLisols

A

high OM, grassland soils, most prized

30
Q

ALFisols

A

forest soils, well developed horizons, accumulation of silicate clays (Al and Fe)

31
Q

ULTisols

A

ultimately weathered, 1:1 clays <35% BS

32
Q

SpODosols

A

high sand content, very infertile

33
Q

OXisols

A

tropical, very highly weathered

34
Q

HISTosols

A

organic soil, high water and nutrient holding,

35
Q

ArIDosols

A

salt accumulations, short wet periods

Soil Science (1 decks)

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