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TV Production > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three stages of production?

A

Pre-production, Production, Post-production

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2
Q

What happens in pre-production?

A

Production meetings, scrip plan, hire crew, scheduling etc.

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3
Q

What happens in production

A

Actually shooting the scene

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4
Q

What happens in post produciton

A

Editing the show, cleaning up etc.

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5
Q

What factors are involved in how you determine your approach to shooting?

A

Where production is taking place
Transmitted live or recorded for transmission later
Whether can be repeated
Any restriction due to limitation in time
Whether there is an audience

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6
Q

What are the different ways in which video programs can be distributed?

A

Television, Video, or Film
TV-Distributed via land transmitters, cables, or satellites
Video-non broadcast television production, refers to home video market and corporate media
Film-Shot on celluloid, referring to a narrative or documentary

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7
Q

What is a series of rough sketches that help someone visualize and organize the desired camera treatment?

A

Storyboard

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8
Q

What is the planned production method and when would you use it?

A

Method that organizes and builds a program in carefully arranged steps. It is used for movies and certain narrative tv shows

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9
Q

What is a remote survey and what is its function

A

A preliminary visit to a location. It can give you a detailed layout of the land and make sure that it will meet the production needs

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10
Q

Why should all productions create a budget

A

It’s important to understand what you have available financially at the beginning of the project. You also don’t want to go over budget because it will decrease the trust of your clients.

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11
Q

What is the impact of screen size on director’s decision

A

Size can make background change because you may not be able to use models

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12
Q

What type of meeting gets all the production department heads together and what gets accomplished?

A

Production Meeting. Work out complicated situations that arise when changes are made. Everyone gets together to be updated on regular basis

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13
Q

What is the difference between a base location and a remote location

A

Base Location: Wherever you normally shoot, where you know exactly what facilities are available.
Remote Location: Anywhere away from your normal shooting location, very important to find out in advance what you will deal with if you shoot away from base

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14
Q

What script version contains the plot, cast, dialogue, location, and so on, but not camera and production details?

A

Rehearsal Script

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15
Q

What is a script breakdown?

A

Analysis of script, lists all of the production elements listed in order of the schedule

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16
Q

What is a rundown?

A

Summarizes info about product or item for demonstration program, or details of a guest for an interviewer

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17
Q

What script is more often used for a single-camera shoot or production?

A

Single-Column Format

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18
Q

What is the form of the traditional television/AV script?

A

Two-Column Format

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19
Q

What is a show format?

A

Lists items or program segments in a show, in order in which they are to be shot. It may show duration, who is participating, shot numbers etc.

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20
Q

What is POV

A

Small, sometimes robotic cameras placed in positions that give the audience a unique viewpoint

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21
Q

What is focal length?

A

Distance between optical center of lens and the image sensor when you are focused at a great distance

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22
Q

What is an EFP camera?

A

Used for non-news productions, also used for multicamera production

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23
Q

What is an ENG camera?

A

Used for news gathering. Equipped with a microphone, camera light and are used to shoot interviews and breaking news

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24
Q

What camera would be best for non-news production?

A

EFP camera

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25
Q

What is an XCU

A

Extreme close-up shot

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26
Q

What is an MS

A

Medium shot

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27
Q

What is an CU

A

Close-up shot

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28
Q

What is an XLS

A

Extreme long shot

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29
Q

What is a tally light?

A

On the front of camera/viewfinder, front light is to let talent know that camera is recording. Also a tally on back that lets camera operator know when hi camera is being used

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30
Q

What distinguishes a single camera operator from someone in a multicamera production?

A

The single camera operator requires more improvisation based on what happens whereas the multicamera person has a plan with the rest of the group

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31
Q

What is a shot sheet and why do you need one?

A

Help camera operators know how director need them to compose specific shots. Helps camera set up shot when they aren’t doing anything without having to wait for instruction

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32
Q

What is the subjective camera?

A

Camera that give individual perception of event. Example: Walking through crowd, going up to inspect something, creates a participatory effect

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33
Q

What does a high angle shot do to an individual?

A

Can make the subject seem unimportant or inferior

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34
Q

What does a low angle shot do to an individual

A

Can make the subject seem important and very strong

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35
Q

What is a Dutch shot and when would you want to use it?

A

When you tilt the camera sideways. You would use this when you want to increase the dynamics of the shot

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36
Q

What is a swish pan and when would you use it?

A

Pan so rapidly from one subject to the next that it becomes a brief streaking blur. Used to produce a dynamic change that continues pace between two rapidly moving scenes

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37
Q

When would you use a long shot?

A

Used at start of production, shows where action is happening, used as an establishing shot

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38
Q

When would you use an extreme close up?

A

When you want to add drama to the situation or clarify a situation. Also communicates the emotion of the situation

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39
Q

What purpose does a medium shot serve?

A

Close enough to see expressions and emotions but far enough away to understand some of the context. “TELLS THE STORY”

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40
Q

What is an action line?

A

Line along the direction of the action in a scene. Line that separates the “stage” from the audience

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41
Q

What is headroom?

A

The space above the head. Changes proportionally with length of the shot, lessening as shot tightens

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42
Q

Why is headroom important in framing a picture?

A

It helps frame exactly what the viewer is going to see, leave ceratin things out, concentrate attention etc.

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43
Q

What is the Rule of Thirds?

A

Divides screen into 9 even squares, main subject should be on one of those lines

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44
Q

Why is the Rule of Thirds helpful?

A

Gives person more room to talk, gives scene depth and image balance

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45
Q

In setting up your shots how do you frame an image of a person relative to the natural breaks in their body?

A

Avoid framing people at natural breaks/joints, intermediate points are much more attractive

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46
Q

What is continuity?

A

Smooth transitions between sets of shots, when camera is set up to take next action shot think about future editing

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47
Q

What does symbolism mean when discussing using a camera?

A

Making sure the image has meaning to the viewer, if they see the image what does the viewer think of?

48
Q

What are the most interesting movements within a shot?

A

Diagonal

49
Q

What is stronger, a rising action or a downward?

A

Rising Action

50
Q

What looks faster? A horizontal or Upward move?

A

Upward

51
Q

How do you set up three point lighting?

A

Key Light, Fill Light, Back Light, triangle formation

52
Q

Why has three point lighting become the standard?

A

Uses a blend of directional lights and diffused lighting

53
Q

What are zebra stripes and what causes them?

A

Allows camera operators to evaluate the exposure of the image, shows all over-exposed segments of a scene

54
Q

What should you adjust if you see zebra stripes?

A

Exposure ring/iris

55
Q

What is base lighting?

A

Minimal amount of light that allows camera to see subject

56
Q

What is a directional microphone?

A

Directional mic pickup patter. Heart-shaped pickup patter that’s insensitive on rear side

57
Q

What is a omnidirectional microphone?

A

Pickup pattern that is equally sensitive in all directions and can’t distinguished between direct and reflected sounds

58
Q

When is it desired to use a directional mic and an omnidirectional mic?

A

Directional Mic: Interviews

Omnidirectinal Mic: Group of people, or someone who is moving around

59
Q

What is the difference between a dynamic mic and a condenser microphone

A

Dynamic: Rugged, provide good-quality sound, not easily distorted by loud sounds.
Condenser: Produces high audio quality, ideal for musical pickup

60
Q

Which mic is more rugged? Condenser or Dynamic?

A

Dynamic

61
Q

What mic would you use if you didn’t want to see it in your shot?

A

Shot gun Mic

62
Q

What equipment is necessary for a shot gun mic?

A

Boom/Fishpole

63
Q

What is a lavaliere and when do we want to use it?

A

Compact, unobtrusive mic clipped to the outside of clothing

64
Q

Why do we use a VU meter?

A

Monitor the audio signal

65
Q

When should you cut and when should you dissolve?

A

Cut: Powerful dynamic transition, most common general purpose
Dissolve: Quick dissolve=Imply actions in two scenes are happening at once. Slow dissolve=passing of time or a different location

66
Q

Whats the difference between a dissolve and a fade?

A

Dissolve: Fades out of one picture and into another picture
Fade: Change between black and a video image

67
Q

What is a wipe and what is its use in video productions?

A

Used to provide a change of time, decorative transitions

68
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Linear Editing

A

Strengths:
Weaknesses: Whole project may have to be entirely re-edited if director wants changes made in middle of tape.

69
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Non-Linear Editing

A

Strengths: Very easy to make changes like moving vidoe and audio segments, cost fraction of what linear editing system does

70
Q

Role of Continuity in Editing

A

We don’t want to see something different about the subject when you cut back from a B-roll or something like that, exposes a continuity error

71
Q

What is live editing?

A

Director using live cameras and other video sources “live edits” a production using the video switcher

72
Q

What is “in-camera editing”?

A

Editing within a singular camera, may have to shoot action in final running order

73
Q

What are effective cutting points?

A

At completion of a sentence
Whenever a reaction shot is needed
When talent takes a breath

74
Q

What is a sequential montage and why would you create one?

A

One brief shot follows another in rapid succession. Used to convey a relationship or an abstract concept

75
Q

What is a jump cut? How do you avoid it?

A

Cutting between shots of the same size of the same subject. Change the subject when cutting

76
Q

What info needs to be recorded when logging footage prior to editing?

A

Time Code, Scene/Take, length of each shot, notes

77
Q

What is a timeline and what elements does it represent?

A

Your roll in your nonlinear editing system. Includes multiple tracks of video, audio, and graphics in a nonlinear editing system

78
Q

What are the two classifications of talent?

A

Professional Performers

Inexperienced Performers

79
Q

What are strenghts and weaknesses of professional talent?

A

Strength: Can be relied on to repeat, during hte actual taping, the dialogue etc the timing that they gave in rehearsal

80
Q

What five important things must a director remember to do when working with talent?

A 
Put them at ease. Explain what will be happening
Give them clear instructions
Keep the are clear of distractions
Place items on a prearranged mark
Be aware of the time limits
81
Q

From which pools can you draw/hire your talent from and what does each offer?

A

Professional: Cost more money but quality usually facilitates a better final project
College theatre performance students: Very little cost, usually received training in acting and are willing to work hard for experience
Amateur Talent: Don’t have experience needed to complete the project in a timely fashion

82
Q

When can it cost less to hire professional talent than family friend

A

Family friend will take very long to get it down correctly so more studio and equipment rental time

83
Q

What are the challenges that a director faces with inexperienced talent?

A

May appear to be “natural performers” but in final program are really of an understanding yet creative director

84
Q

How do you handle inexperienced talent?

A

Let them do it their way, edit the result
Interview them in a situation that is natural for them
Make them feel welcome and let them know what they need to do
Shoot when talent doesn’t know they are being recorded

85
Q

What is the role of the host?

A

The hosts job is to make the talent feel more comfortable, guide the guest through the interview by posing questions with the right context

86
Q

What do you do if you have a difficult guest?

A

Possibly shorten or simplify the person’s segment by using multiple utaways.
Have the host present the items in program while continually referring to the guest

87
Q

What color is universal on television?

A

Blue, works best on TV

88
Q

Should you wear high contrast or low contrast clothes?

A

Low contrast, video cameras see differently than human eye

89
Q

What color in particular is discouraged from TV?

A

White. Especially white on black people and black on whit people

90
Q

What do we mean by remote production?

A

Any production that occurs outside of the studio.

Example: News events, sports events, parades, concerts, telethons

91
Q

Why should a shoulder-mounted camera operator avoid narrow angles when shooting?

A

Can distort subject, you imagine that you have much more space to maneuver than you actually have

92
Q

What controls the lens aperture of the camera?

A

F-Stop, the aperture ring checking the results in the viewfinder

93
Q

What is typically found in a remote production truck?

A

Control center with monitor wall, video production switcher, audio, recording and playback decks, intercom, anything you would need for a remote production

94
Q

What is an example of an horizontal action in camera work?

A

Basketball, soccer, football. Cameras are placed on a long side of the venue, panning right to left to capture the athlete’s action

95
Q

What is an example of a vertical action in camera work?

A

Tennis. Cameras are placed behind one of the athletes, looking over the shoulder at other athlete. Axis of action located at the net

96
Q

What is an example of a round action in camera work?

A

Auto racing and baseball. Cameras need to cover action whole way around circle/oval, axis of action isn’t chosen. Re-establish scene in order to avoid confusing viewers

97
Q

Why would we want to shoot on location rather than in a studio?

A

On location provides context and an exciting atmosphere, can be less expensive

98
Q

Why would we want to shoot in the studio rather than on location

A

You have the maximum amount of control over the subject, lighting and audio can be controlled

99
Q

What is a remote survey?

A

Site survey that assesses the venue and determines how, where, how many, who, what, and how much

100
Q

What would be the benefit of using a lens with a long focal length?

A

Subject appears much closer than normal. When you can’t get the camera near the subject. Insufficient time to move camera closer to subject

101
Q

What does a long focal length do?

A

Make a subject appear closer than normal

102
Q

What does a short focal length do?

A

Make the subject appear much farther away

103
Q

What problems does a telephoto lens do?

A

Depth and distance can look unnaturally compressed in the shot

104
Q

How would you increase the amount of light let in, in terms for f-stop?

A

Decrease the f-stop, smaller f-stop equals a larger aperture size and thus more light let in

105
Q

How would you increase the depth of field, in terms of f-stop

A

Increase the f-stop, larger f-stop equals a smaller aperture size and thus a larger depth of field

106
Q

What does a crane permit you to do?

A

Same as jib except it provides a seat for camera operator at top of jib

107
Q

What does a tripod do?

A

Provides solid camera support, collapsible, easy to transport

108
Q

What does a monopod do?

A

Lightweight mounting, collabsible metal tube, adjustable length

109
Q

What does a jib do?

A

Swoop in to join action, reveal broader scene, stretch out over action

110
Q

What is a Foley and when is it used?

A

Creates sounds in a studio that can replace the original sounds, can bring scene to life. Introducing sounds of your own footsteps for original ones

111
Q

Why would you want to use special effects in an edited program?

A

Add depth and realism to a video production, brings a scene to life

112
Q

What is the difference between mic level and line level?

A

Line Level: Audio signal generated by a non microphone device such as a CD player
Mic Level: Audio level of a signal that is generated by a microphone

113
Q

When would you want to use a camera microphone and when would you want to avoid using it?

A

If you are a single camera operator you may have to use it. Avoid using it when more than 4-6 feet away from the talent, or if the camera mic can’t follow somebody if he or she turns away from frontal position

114
Q

How many tracks does a stereo recording use?

A

2

115
Q

How many tracks does surround sound use?

A

6

TV Production (1 decks)

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