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Transition to Nursing > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Body Fluids

A

water and salts (electrolytes)

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2
Q

Electrolytes

A

element when dissolved in H2O carries an electrical charge
Cation
Anion

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3
Q

Body water

A

Water alone, no electrolytes

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4
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids for a newborn

A

70-80%

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5
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids for a 1 yr old

A

64%

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6
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids from

puberty - 39 yrs of age

A

Men: 60%
Women: 52%

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7
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids from ages 40 - 60 yrs

A

Men: 55%
Women: 47%

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8
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids from ages older than 60 years

A

Men: 55%
Women: 47%

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9
Q

Plasma Electrolytes

A 
Sodium Na+
Potassium K+
Calcium Ca+
Magnesium Mg+
Chloride Cl-
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Protein 
Organic Acids
Phosphate PO4-
Sulfate SO4-
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10
Q

Overflow of fluids can indicate what?

A

CHF

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11
Q

1 kg = __ L

A

1 L

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12
Q

2.2 lbs = __ kg

A

1 kg

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13
Q

Cellular Fluid Electrolytes

A 
Potassium K+
Magnesium Mg+
Sodium Na+
Calcium Ca+
Phosphate PO4
Sulfate SO4-
Protein
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Chloride Cl-
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14
Q

Normal range of Na+

A

136 - 145 mEq/L

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15
Q

Normal range of K+

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

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16
Q

Normal Range of Ca+

A

8.5 - 10.5 mEq/L

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17
Q

Normal Range of Mg+

A

1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L

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18
Q

Normal Range of PO4-

A

2.5 - 4.5 mEq/L

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19
Q

Normal Range of Cl-

A

98 - 106 mEq/L

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20
Q

Normal Range of CO2

A

24 - 30 mEq/L

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21
Q

Normal range of Serum Osmolality

A

280 -295 mOsm/kg

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22
Q

Normal range of BUN

A

10 - 20 mg/dL

23
Q

Normal Range of Creatinine

A

7 - 1.5 mg/dL

24
Q

Normal range of Hct.

A

Male: 44 - 52%
Female: 39 - 47%

25
Normal Range of Glucose
70 - 100
26
Normal Range of urine sp. gr.
1.003 - 1.035
27
Normal range of Urine pH
<6.6
28
What does H20 do to our bodies?
Aids in digestion, absorption, & circulation Solvent, transportation for cell nutrition and waste Regulates body temp. Medium for chemical reactions Maintains vol. and form to body and tissues (skin turgor) Sources - Liquids/foods, oxidation of foods
29
H2O exits via...
kidneys (major regulator of fluid balance) Skin - sweat Lungs - expired air GI - feces
30
Excessive output indicates what?
Dehydration | Negative
31
Low output indicates what?
Retention | Positive
32
Intracellular
inside the cell membrane (ICF) 2/3
33
Intracellular major cation and anion
Cation: Potassium K+ Anion: Phosphate PO4-
34
Extracellular
interstitial (between tissue cells) and intravascular (watery, colorless, fluid portion of lymph and blood, plasma) (ECF) 1/3
35
Extracellular major cation and anion
Cation: Sodium Na+ Anion: Chloride Cl-
36
Diffusion
solid or particulate matter in solution move from higher to lower concentration
37
Solute movement
Solute transport is from the left to the right; movement of he solutes is due to the concentration gradient (dC/dx)
38
Osmosis
water through semi-permeable membrane from area of water to less water Water goes towards salt
39
What does aldosterone do to our body? and what releases it?
andrenal gland (cortex) releases aldosterone It inc. reabsorption of Na+ and excertion of K+
40
RAAS steps
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System ``` Renin Angiotensinogen Angiotensin I Angiotensin II Retention of Na+ by kidney (via Aldosterone) Salt appetite Inc. drinking (via subfornical organ) Inc. BP ```
41
Fluid shifts what does it alter?
Equilibrium. It goes from one compartment to another. | Most frequently ECF
42
Active transport
uses energy to pump electrolytes into and out of the cell | Na+ and K+ pump
43
Isotonic solutions
same osmolality as blood (0.9% NaCl/ NS, D5W, LR) Water goes in both directions
44
Hypertonic
Inc. osmolality (less H2O) than bl, H2O from cells and interstitial spaces to plasma (50% glucose, 3% NaCl) Water moves out of the cell
45
Hypotonic
Dec. of osmolality (more H2O) than bl, H2O moves from plasma to cells (.45% NaCl, 1/2 NS) Water moves into cell
46
Kidneys in body homeostasis
Regulation of ECF by retention and excretion of fluid and electrolytes ( Na+ and K+) Regulation of pH of ECF by retention and excretion of H+ ions Excretion of waste
47
ADH? What releases it?
Pituitary gland releases anti diuretic hormone Reabsorption of H2O by the renal tubules Serum Inc = blood Inc concentration = Inc ADH Serum osmolality dec. = blood dilute = dec. ADH
48
Examples of moving plasma into interstitial
Edema - accumulation of fluid interstitial spaces Hypovolemia - fluid loss into the interstitial spaces
49
Dehydration a loss of water but high in sodium levels?
No
50
Examples of causes of fluid volumes alterations
``` vomiting diarrhea fistulas GI suction third space shifts anorexia, decreased intake (nausea) inability to obtain fluids ```
51
S/S of FVD
``` acute weight loss poor skin turgor and tongue turgor oliguria/ concentrated urine weak rapid pulse low CVP inc creatinine Inc. BUN Inc Hct ```
52
FVE Causes
Simple fluid overloading low homeostatic mechanisms for fluids balance (renal failure and CHF) over administration on sodium containing fluids too much salt
53
S/S of FVE
``` edema distended veins high CVP bounding pulse crackles weight gain Dec. BUN Anemia Dec. Hct ```

Transition to Nursing (5 decks)

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