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Transition to Nursing > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Body Fluids

A

water and salts (electrolytes)

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2
Q

Electrolytes

A

element when dissolved in H2O carries an electrical charge
Cation
Anion

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3
Q

Body water

A

Water alone, no electrolytes

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4
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids for a newborn

A

70-80%

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5
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids for a 1 yr old

A

64%

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6
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids from

puberty - 39 yrs of age

A

Men: 60%
Women: 52%

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7
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids from ages 40 - 60 yrs

A

Men: 55%
Women: 47%

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8
Q

Percentage of weight in body fluids from ages older than 60 years

A

Men: 55%
Women: 47%

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9
Q

Plasma Electrolytes

A 
Sodium Na+
Potassium K+
Calcium Ca+
Magnesium Mg+
Chloride Cl-
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Protein 
Organic Acids
Phosphate PO4-
Sulfate SO4-
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10
Q

Overflow of fluids can indicate what?

A

CHF

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11
Q

1 kg = __ L

A

1 L

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12
Q

2.2 lbs = __ kg

A

1 kg

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13
Q

Cellular Fluid Electrolytes

A 
Potassium K+
Magnesium Mg+
Sodium Na+
Calcium Ca+
Phosphate PO4
Sulfate SO4-
Protein
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Chloride Cl-
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14
Q

Normal range of Na+

A

136 - 145 mEq/L

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15
Q

Normal range of K+

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

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16
Q

Normal Range of Ca+

A

8.5 - 10.5 mEq/L

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17
Q

Normal Range of Mg+

A

1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L

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18
Q

Normal Range of PO4-

A

2.5 - 4.5 mEq/L

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19
Q

Normal Range of Cl-

A

98 - 106 mEq/L

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20
Q

Normal Range of CO2

A

24 - 30 mEq/L

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21
Q

Normal range of Serum Osmolality

A

280 -295 mOsm/kg

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22
Q

Normal range of BUN

A

10 - 20 mg/dL

23
Q

Normal Range of Creatinine

A

7 - 1.5 mg/dL

24
Q

Normal range of Hct.

A

Male: 44 - 52%
Female: 39 - 47%

25
Q

Normal Range of Glucose

A

70 - 100

26
Q

Normal Range of urine sp. gr.

A

1.003 - 1.035

27
Q

Normal range of Urine pH

A

<6.6

28
Q

What does H20 do to our bodies?

A

Aids in digestion, absorption, & circulation
Solvent, transportation for cell nutrition and waste
Regulates body temp.
Medium for chemical reactions
Maintains vol. and form to body and tissues (skin turgor)

Sources - Liquids/foods, oxidation of foods

29
Q

H2O exits via…

A

kidneys (major regulator of fluid balance)
Skin - sweat
Lungs - expired air
GI - feces

30
Q

Excessive output indicates what?

A

Dehydration

Negative

31
Q

Low output indicates what?

A

Retention

Positive

32
Q

Intracellular

A

inside the cell membrane (ICF) 2/3

33
Q

Intracellular major cation and anion

A

Cation: Potassium K+
Anion: Phosphate PO4-

34
Q

Extracellular

A

interstitial (between tissue cells) and intravascular (watery, colorless, fluid portion of lymph and blood, plasma) (ECF) 1/3

35
Q

Extracellular major cation and anion

A

Cation: Sodium Na+
Anion: Chloride Cl-

36
Q

Diffusion

A

solid or particulate matter in solution move from higher to lower concentration

37
Q

Solute movement

A

Solute transport is from the left to the right; movement of he solutes is due to the concentration gradient (dC/dx)

38
Q

Osmosis

A

water through semi-permeable membrane from area of water to less water

Water goes towards salt

39
Q

What does aldosterone do to our body? and what releases it?

A

andrenal gland (cortex) releases aldosterone

It inc. reabsorption of Na+ and excertion of K+

40
Q

RAAS steps

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Renin
Angiotensinogen
Angiotensin I
Angiotensin II
Retention of Na+ by kidney (via Aldosterone)
Salt appetite
Inc. drinking (via subfornical organ)
Inc. BP
41
Q

Fluid shifts what does it alter?

A

Equilibrium. It goes from one compartment to another.

Most frequently ECF

42
Q

Active transport

A

uses energy to pump electrolytes into and out of the cell

Na+ and K+ pump

43
Q

Isotonic solutions

A

same osmolality as blood (0.9% NaCl/ NS, D5W, LR)

Water goes in both directions

44
Q

Hypertonic

A

Inc. osmolality (less H2O) than bl, H2O from cells and interstitial spaces to plasma (50% glucose, 3% NaCl)

Water moves out of the cell

45
Q

Hypotonic

A

Dec. of osmolality (more H2O) than bl, H2O moves from plasma to cells (.45% NaCl, 1/2 NS)

Water moves into cell

46
Q

Kidneys in body homeostasis

A

Regulation of ECF by retention and excretion of fluid and electrolytes ( Na+ and K+)
Regulation of pH of ECF by retention and excretion of H+ ions
Excretion of waste

47
Q

ADH? What releases it?

A

Pituitary gland releases anti diuretic hormone
Reabsorption of H2O by the renal tubules

Serum Inc = blood Inc concentration = Inc ADH

Serum osmolality dec. = blood dilute = dec. ADH

48
Q

Examples of moving plasma into interstitial

A

Edema - accumulation of fluid interstitial spaces

Hypovolemia - fluid loss into the interstitial spaces

49
Q

Dehydration a loss of water but high in sodium levels?

A

No

50
Q

Examples of causes of fluid volumes alterations

A 
vomiting 
diarrhea
fistulas
GI suction
third space shifts
anorexia, decreased intake (nausea)
inability to obtain fluids
51
Q

S/S of FVD

A 
acute weight loss
poor skin turgor and tongue turgor
oliguria/ concentrated urine
weak rapid pulse
low CVP
inc creatinine
Inc. BUN 
Inc Hct
52
Q

FVE Causes

A

Simple fluid overloading
low homeostatic mechanisms for fluids balance (renal failure and CHF)
over administration on sodium containing fluids
too much salt

53
Q

S/S of FVE

A 
edema
distended veins
high CVP
bounding pulse
crackles
weight gain
Dec. BUN
Anemia
Dec. Hct

Transition to Nursing (5 decks)

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