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Medical Sociology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Patient

A

Deviant

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2
Q

Physician

A

Social Control Agent

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3
Q

Disease

A

diagnosis (dx)

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4
Q

Illness

A

social experience

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5
Q

Macroperspective

A

thinking about the big picture… whole world

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6
Q

Tetiary care

A

most expensive
24/7 care
people are already sick
EX: ER

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7
Q

Secondary prevention

A

at risk populations

preventive care

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8
Q

Primary prevention

A

whole country
public health
cheapest
EX: water, sewage

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9
Q

Germ Theory of Disease

A

many diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific microorganisms
treat with antibiotics and vitamins
Focus more on disease than person
ability to diagnose and “magic bullets”

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10
Q

Morbidity

A

symptoms of illness and impairment

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11
Q

Mortality

A

amount of death

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12
Q

Chronic

A

not curable

EX: cancer

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13
Q

Power

A

ability to give others to do as one wants
not always bad
Who should have power?
What are the consequences when power is unequal, abusive?

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14
Q

Sociology IN medicine

A

Questions that doctors find useful to better understand patients, so, patients are more compliant
Focus on patient behavior

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15
Q

Sociology OF medicine

A

Challenges medical views of world and existing power relationships within health care systems
Focus on social groups and institutions

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16
Q

Epidemiology

A

comes from epidemics… disease

distribution of disease within a population according to social factors rather than biological factors/genetics

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17
Q

Incidents

A

new cases of disease

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18
Q

Prevalence

A

total number of cases at a specific time

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19
Q

Epidemiological Transition

A

process by which the pattern of mortality and disease is transformed from one of high mortality among infants and children and episodic famine and epidemic affecting all age groups to one of degenerative and man-made diseases (such as those attributed to smoking) affecting principally the elderly

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20
Q

Epidemics

A

first appearance of new disease

EX: ebola virus

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21
Q

Endemics

A

diseases that establish themselves within a population and have a stable presence over time
EX: cancer

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22
Q

Pandemics

A

worldwide epidemic

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23
Q

Whole Person Health

A

1) physiological EX: xrays, mri
2) psychological EX: hippocrates
3) social EX: lose job, health insurance denials, divorce

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24
Q

Individual oriented medicine

A

patient going to see doctor

sociology in medicine

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25
Q

population/public oriented medicine

A

vaccinations, sanitation

26
Q

Main Killers

A

chronic diseases

27
Q

Why have mortality rates slowed?

A

no cured cancer
no cured alztimers
rise of chronic diseases
antibiotics/medicine to cure acute diseases

28
Q

What do solutions create?

A

Solutions will always create a whole new set of problems

29
Q

Sedimentary Lifestyle

A

unhealthy lifestyle

also known as a couch potatoe

30
Q

Man-made diseases

A

tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, obesity, sedimentary lifestyle, automobiles, firearms, sexual behavior, medical errors, toxic agents, superbugs

31
Q

Tobacco

A 
18% deaths in Chicago
first hand and second hand smoking
more addictive than heroin
successful campaign at primary and secondary levels due to government involvement
women - harder to stop
32
Q

Alcohol

A

4% deaths

prohibition, dry cities, etc.

33
Q

Marijuana

A

risk factors for heart disease and heart attacks

Should “high” people drive?

34
Q

Heroin, cocaine, etc.

A

1% deaths

35
Q

Obesity

A

17% deaths in US
drive thrus via cars
sedimentary lifestyle
diabetes, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular = killers

36
Q

Sedimentary Lifestyle

A

more of a problem than actual obesity

an actual killer

37
Q

Firearms

A

1% deaths via homicides, accidental, law enforcement caused, suicide
US have higher rates than all other industrialized countries

38
Q

Sexual behavior

A

1% deaths
cervical cancer, HIV, AIDs, Hepatitis
unprotected sex encouraged via entertainment

39
Q

Automobiles

A

2% deaths
drug use, design of cars, lack of transportation system
US die more than Europeans due to US drive more

40
Q

Medical errors

A 
13% deaths in US
surgery on wrong person or wrong part
prescription problems
misdiagnosis
infections in hospitals - antibiotic resistant
more is NOT better
IL Report Card
not being vaccinated
too many antibiotics... antibiotic resistant
41
Q

Toxic Agents

A

2% deaths
environmental/occupational hazards/pollutants
child exposure in neighborhoods and schools
global warming

42
Q

Social Drift Theory

A

1) disease cause poverty

2) poverty causes disease

43
Q

Materialistic Theory

A

Question: Who has power?
Can their power explore cities?
Women have no power in many countries
US has power and influence but also freedom restrictions

44
Q

Pre-Scientific Explanations

A

deviants are at fault for getting sick
immoral behavior
1) Personality Theory
2) Naturalistic Theory

45
Q

Personality Theory

A

pre-scientific explanation

there are supernatural forces label disease as immoral behavior, so, being sick is part of punishment

46
Q

Naturalistic Theory

A

pre-scientific explanation
there are natural forces that are upsetting equilibrium of body… ability to fight off disease
not washing hands, smoking, unprotected sex, etc.

47
Q

Scientific Explanations

A

biological forces combined with personal

unhealthy

48
Q

Modern Explanations

A

immoral and unhealthy
society is responsible for creating disease
manufactured and man-made diseases
EX: cities, bad transportation, etc.

49
Q

Biomedical Approach

A

objective
scientific evidence/data EX: xrays, blood tests, etc.
dx (diagnose) - gives power to certain people to have right to diagnose and treat
evidence based treatment

50
Q

Psychological Approach

A

subjective evaluation of one’s own health

1) ability to be involved in pleasurable activities
2) long term satisfaction
3) absence of negative affect (depression, loneliness)

51
Q

Sociological/Sociocultural Approach

A

one’s capacity to perform roles and tasks in society
Talcott Parsons
become a deviant if don’t figure out how to continue doing roles/tasks
in between subjective and objective

52
Q

Health Protected Behaviors

A 
How are you protecting yourself from being sick?
individual actions to maintain health
1) Prescriptive - what to do 
EX: wash hands, work out
2) Proscriptive - what to avoid 
EX: fast food, other sick people
53
Q

Max Weber

A

sociologist
identify macro (sociocultural conditions) and life conduct (personal choices)
Why is there a lack of macro?
value of individualism (freedom/rights)
marketplace strategy - let consumer make own judgement
keep focus on life conduct/individual choices allows one to ignore research which allows to ignore macrofactors

54
Q

Health Belief Model

A

1) emotional
- if one feels vulnerable to disease, if believe life conduct will make difference, one will make good choices
2) rational
- theory of reasons and actions (TRA)
- social norms, significant others (influence), importance of compliance/fitting in
- if follow these, will lead to healthy living

55
Q

Medical Model

A

1) deviation from “normal”
2) specific and universal
3) biological forces
4) breakdown of how body should function
5) can be treated… has to be treated through a neutral scientific process

56
Q

Technical Specificity

A

have to have formal training, which enhances their status in social society

57
Q

Affective Neutrality

A

why it isn’t best to do surgery on family

58
Q

Universalism

A

treating all patients the same, regardless of race, sex, health insurance or none

59
Q

Functional Specificity

A

works with ethics

60
Q

Legitimate Power

A

has a beginning and an end

EX: professor in class

61
Q

Emotionality

A

strong emotions in deviant-social control agent relationships

Medical Sociology (1 decks)

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