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Philosophy III > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

branch of mechanics that deals
with the equilibrium of bodies at rest or in
motion with zero acceleration

A

Statics

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2
Q

the
developer of the
basic and compensatory distortion model
of the spine in chiropractic

A

Dr. Willard Carver

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3
Q

What are the most vulnerable area for subluxation?

A

Occ.
C1-C2, C4, C7-71, T7-T8, T12, L3, and
Lumbosacral articulation

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4
Q

branch of mechanics that
studies
with the relationship between the forces acting on a body
and the changes they produce in the motion of the body.

A

Kinetics

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5
Q

Nerve and nerve root compression/traction/torsion is also known as?

A

Compressive Neuropathy

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6
Q

Pressure on a nerve direct or

indirect is known as?

A

neurothlipsis

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7
Q

A subluxation to C1 could distort what ligament?

A

dentate lig

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8
Q

felt by researchers such as Irvin Korr, that the highly-
innervated
tissues around spinal joints,
including
proprioceptors
, may become irritated,
leading to reflex modifications in postural muscle
tonus and neural integration of postural activities

A

Somatosomatic reflex hypothesis

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9
Q

somatic afferent
bombardment of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord,
leading to the “facilitated” cord segment, with
resultant somatic effects is known as?

A

proprioceptive insult

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10
Q

Who said “Chiropractors don’t take pressure
off nerves- they put pressure on
mechanoreceptors.

A

Dr. F Carrick

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11
Q

proposed the idea of nociceptive facilitation?

A

Seaman

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12
Q

refers to comatic dysafferentation which is describes as an imbalance of afferent input. Specifically nociceptor input is increased and mechanoreceptor input is decreased

A

Seaman

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13
Q

somatic afferent bombardment due to the
VSC can cause reflexive facilitation of the lateral
horn cells of spinal cord segments; this can lead
to visceral dysfunction through unremitting
abnormally high sympathetic nerve activity

A

Somatoautomnomic reflex hypothesis

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14
Q

visceral afferent bombardment from body organs
can cause typical referred pain patterns, and can
conceivably cause or predispose spinal levels to
VSC through internuncial connections on
anterior horn cells

A

Viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis

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15
Q

neural dysfunction as a result of VSC is stressful
to the body and lowers tissue resistance,
modifying specific and nonspecific immune
responses

A

Neurodystrophic hypothesis

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16
Q

What is the first phase of the model for phases of VSC?

A

Segmental dysfunction kinesiopathology

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17
Q

What is the second phase of the model for phases of VSC?

A

Instability

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18
Q

What is the third phase of the model for phases of VSC?

A

Stabilization

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19
Q

Which phase of the three phase model is trauma involved?

A

phase 1

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20
Q

Which phase of the 3-phase is known as “true” subluxation?

A

Instability

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21
Q

Which phase in the 3-phase model has significant DJD and ankylosis?

A

phase 3 (stabilization)

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22
Q

What are the three major subluxation theories?

A

IVF Encroachment
Altered Sensory Input (dysafferentation)
Spinal Cord distortion

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23
Q

How do chiropractors evaluate
individuals clinically to determine the
appropriateness of chiropractic care?

A
  • Biomechanical evaluation
  • Neurologic evaluation
  • Trophic assessment
  • Psychosocial assessment
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24
Q

Static asymmetry and dynamic asymmetry is part of what evaluation that determines the appropriateness of chiropractic care?

A

Biomechanical evaluation

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25
Q

imaging procedures is part of what evaluation/assessment?

A

Biomechanical evaluation

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26
Q

pain, palpatory tenderness, altered muscle tone, vasomotor findings and sudomotor findings are all part of what area of evaluation/ assessment?

A

Neurologic evaluation

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27
Q

althered tissue texture, edema, metabolic disturbances, nutritional imbalances are all part of what evaluation/assessment?

A

trophic assessment

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28
Q

mental attitude/outlook, social interactions, lifestyle habits, stress are all part of what evaluation/assessment?

A

psychosocial assessment

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29
Q

abnormal motion; fixation, hypermobility is part of what model of subluxation?

A

biomechancial

30
Q

neurologic irritation and aberrant reflexes are part of what model of subluxation?

A

neurological models

31
Q

axoplasmic flow mechanism lymphatic stasis and CSF flow dynamics are part of what model of subluxation?

A

Trophic Models

32
Q

mental/emotional state influence on

structure

A

psychogenic concepts

33
Q

structural

influence on mental/emotional states

A

Somatopsychic concepts

34
Q

What are the three clincial approaches in chiropractic?

A

segmental
postural
tonal

35
Q 
“Mr. Smith, your
second
cervical vertebra
is
subluxated.” is an example of what clinical approach to subluxation
A

segmental

36
Q

Ms. Jones, your
spine is
subluxated.” is an example of what clinical approach to subluxation

A

postural

37
Q

Dr.Chiro, I need to get

adjusted; I’m subluxated.” is an example of what clinical approach to subluxation

A

Tonal

38
Q

Is there one definition of a subluxation?

A

no

39
Q

What two ways can we define subluxation?

A 
conceptual (“philosophical”)
and operational (“scientific”)
40
Q

philosophically, vertebral subluxation is a __________

A

metaphor

41
Q

Scientifically, vertebral subluxation is a ____________

A

phenomenon

42
Q

operational definitions are mainly ______________, not conceptual

A

phenomenological

43
Q

The best conceptual definitions are those that are general enough to not conflict with any specific ________ definition

A

operational

44
Q

Virtually all definitions of

subluxation that have been or are used are ___________

A

conceptual

45
Q

What does MOPI stand for

A

Misalignment
Occlusion
Pressure
Interference

46
Q 
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is a
subluxation of any weight
bearing spinal articulation that
compromises neural integrity and may influence organ system
function and general health.
A

vertebral subluxation

47
Q

The idea that a subluxation progresses in phases defines the subluxation as a _______

A

process

48
Q

What are the two component models of subluxation?

A

Tissue/system components, functional/ conceptual components

49
Q

What are the five components of the VSC?

A
  1. Kinesiopathology
  2. Myopathology
  3. Histopathology
  4. Neuropathophysiology
  5. Pathophysiology/
    Biochemical changes
50
Q

A restriction of your ability to turn and bend would be what component of the VSC?

A

Kinesiopathology

51
Q 
Changes in blood or lymph
flow can result in
swelling
and inflammation Discs
can bulge, herniate, tear, or
degenerate. Other soft
tissues such as
ligaments
may be permanently
damaged.
A

Histopathology

52
Q 
Improper spinal function can
compress, stretch, or irritate
delicate
nerve tissue
,
including the
spinal nerves or
spinal cord
. The resulting
nerve dysfunction can cause
symptoms elsewhere in the
body.
A

Neuropatholphysiology

53
Q 
Bone spurs and other
abnormal bony growths
attempt to fuse
malfunctioning spinal joints.
This spinal decay, scar tissue
and
long
-
term nerve
dysfunction
can cause other
body systems to be
adversely affected.
A

Pathophysiology

54
Q

What are the 2-Component Model (Amalu & Tiscareno):

A
  1. Segmental aberrant spinal
    arthrokinematics
  2. Neuropathophysiology
55
Q

Who porposed the 3-component model?

A

Kent

56
Q

What are the three D’s of the 3-component model?

A
  1. Dyskinesia
  2. Dysponesis
  3. Dysautonomia
57
Q

disrupted communication between the CNS and the body is known as?

A

Dysponesis

58
Q

awareness of the
environment through physical
sensation.

A

Perception

59
Q

What occurs when the nervous system doesn’t work normally?

A

dysponesis

60
Q

The different combinations of communications between somatic and visceral is known as?

A

The Reflex model

61
Q

The somato-somatic model is also known as?

A

somator-motor

62
Q

the somato-visceral model is also known as?

A

somato-visceral

63
Q

the viscero-somatic model is also known as?

A

viscero-motor

64
Q

_______ can result in a positive feedback cycle?

A

Facilitation

65
Q

diminished proprioceptive impulses primarily from __________

A

mechanoreceptors

66
Q

What are two symptoms that occur when the CNS is deprived of information?

A

ataxia and dizziness

67
Q

in somatic dysafferentation there is ________ nociception and/or _________ mechanoreception

A

increased; decreased

68
Q

what reflex model can be described as a “bad habit”

A

somato-somatic

69
Q

in the somato-somatic model a loss of spinal motion can cause _________ perception of pain; consequently, improved spinal motion can help _______ pain.

A

increased; relieve

70
Q

increased sympthetic stimulation of target tissues and organs can result can be termed __________

A

sympatheticotonia

Philosophy III (1 decks)

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