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Palpation > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

SCM

A

rotate head medially/laterally, palpate SCM on opposite side of rotation

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2
Q

Platysma

A

flat M-shape covering anterior neck, px sticks their neck & jaw out

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3
Q

Scalenes (middle)

A

lateral pressure to head, palpate middle inferior neck

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4
Q

Scalenes (posterior)

A

follow trapezius m. to lower neck, apply pressure posterolateral to head, palpate anterior to trap.

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5
Q

Scalenes (anterior)

A

apply anterolateral pressure to head, palpate anterolateral inferior SCM triangle

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6
Q

Suboccipital

A

C1 & C2

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7
Q

Cervical paravertebral mm.

A

C2-C6 mm., overlying articular pillars

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8
Q

Trapezius (upper)

A

prone, arm extended @ 45 degree inferior angle, thumbs pointed posterior, px pushes posterior

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9
Q

Trapezius (middle)

A

prone, arm extended @ 90 degree angle, thumbs pointed posterior, px pushes posterior

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10
Q

Trapezius (lower)

A

prone, arm extended @ 180 degree superior angle, thumbs pointed posterior, px pushes posterior

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11
Q

Masseter m.

A

clench jaws (in cheeks)

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12
Q

Temporalis m.

A

clench jaws (in temples)

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13
Q

Spinalis mm.

A

1st/medial of 3 fingers to locate erector spinae mm.

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14
Q

Longissimus mm.

A

2nd/intermediate of 3 fingers to locate erector spinae mm.

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15
Q

Iliocostalis mm.

A

3rd/lateral of 3 fingers to locate erector spinae mm.

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16
Q

Rhomboid major m.

A
  • prone, superior shoulder shrugs
  • insertion: medial border to inferior angle of scapula
  • ‘chicken wing arms test’
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17
Q

Rhomboid minor m.

A
  • prone, superior shoulder shrugs
  • insertion: medial angle of scapula
  • ‘chicken wing arms test’
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18
Q

Levator scapulae m.

A

arm behind back (‘police arm bar’), shoulder shrug

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19
Q

Supraspinatus m.

A

arm straight along side, px pushes laterally

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20
Q

Infraspinatus m.

A

arm to square (as in throwing a ball), rotate posteriorly

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21
Q

Latissimus dorsi m.

A

arm straight up, px ADDUCTS arm

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22
Q

Teres major m.

A
  • inferior to TERES MINOR m., acts in medial rotation

- arm at square (throwing), px rotates shoulder anteriorly

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23
Q

Teres minor m.

A
  • superior to TERES MAJOR m., acts in lateral rotation

- arm at square (throwing), px rotates shoulder posteriorly

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24
Q

Quadratus lumborum m.

A
  • lateral & deep to lumbar paravertebral mm

- ‘hula dance hips’ - rock hips superiorly

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25
Q

Gluteal maximus m.

A

prone, legs straight, lift (extend) straight leg

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26
Q

Gluteal medius m.

A

prone, ABDUCT at hip, medial & above femoral trochanters

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27
Q

Piriformis m.

A
  • palpate bw lateral sacrum & greater trochanter

- prone, bend @ knee, external hip rotation (foot medially rotated)

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28
Q

Deltoid m.

A
  • prominent during ABDUCTION of arm

- prone/standing, extend shoulder in coronal plane

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29
Q

Biceps brachii m.

A

flex bicep (elbow flexion)

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30
Q

Pectoralis major m.

A

supine, ‘bench press arms’ - push anteriorly

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31
Q

Pectoralis minor m.

A
  • deep to PECTORALIS MAJOR m

- supine, arms at side, shoulder press anteriorly

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32
Q

Serratus anterior m.

A
  • keeps scapula from winging
  • extend arm @ 90 degrees, push shoulder anteriorly (against a wall)
  • ‘boxers m.’
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33
Q

Coracobrachialis m.

A

bottom of bicep, arms to square, push elbows anteromedially

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34
Q

Triceps m.

A
  • elbow extension makes prominent
  • prone, arms straight @ side, px pushes posteriorly
  • 3 heads:
    long head (on posteromedial arm);
    lateral head (on posterolateral arm);
    medial/deep head (under long head but palpable near medial aspect of distal humerus)
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35
Q

Pronator teres m. (/elbow)

A

medial epicondyle to middle of radius, pronate antebrachium

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36
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

A
  • runs from ulna to palmaris longus
  • make fist, ulnarly deviate, flex wrist
  • inline w/palmar surface of 5th digit
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37
Q

Flexor carpi radialis m.

A
  • make fist, radially deviate, flex wrist

- inline w/palmar surface of index finger

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38
Q

Palmaris longus m.

A
  • runs from ulna to palmaris longus
  • make fist, ulnarly deviate, flex wrist
  • inline w/palmar surface of middle finger
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39
Q

Brachioradialis m.

A
  • with thumb pointed @ ceiling, resist elbow flexion

- ‘hammer curl’, arm @ side, bent @ elbow, flex superiorly

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40
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus m.

A
  • make fist, extend wrist

- wiggle fingers, anterior-to-bump of distal radius

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41
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

A
  • make fist, extend wrist

- wiggle fingers, anterior-to-bump of distal radius

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42
Q

Hyoid bone

A

even w/C3, palpate above the thyroid cartilage (moves w/swallowing)

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43
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A
  • top part is even w/C4, bottom part is even w/C5

- palpate notch @ midline superiorly

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44
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A
  • even w/C6, just inferior to lower border of thyroid cartilage
  • palpate @ midline
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45
Q

Carotid tubercle

A
  • the anterior tubercle of the C6 T.P.

- start even w/C6, then palpate about 1 inch lateral to 1st cricoid ring

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46
Q

Carotid pulse

A

palpate adjacent to carotid tubercle

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47
Q

Suprasternal notch

A

the notch @ the superior & medial aspect of the sternum (actually on manubrium)

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48
Q

Anterior cervical lymph nodes

A

along medial border of SCM (usually palpable when inflamed)

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49
Q

Angle of mandible

A

posterior corner of jaw, inferior (& somewhat anterior) of ears

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50
Q

Parotid gland

A
  • the largest salivary glands, ‘parotid’ means ‘around the ear’
  • partially covering angle of mandible, spanning the posterior area of the mouth up to the ear
51
Q

Submandibular gland

A
  • aka ‘submaxillary glands’, salivary glands located under the chin, beneath floor of the mouth
  • palpated from under chin, lateral areas
52
Q

Mastoid process

A
  • large, bony protuberance behind the earlobe, on temporal bone
  • attachment for SCM, splenius capitis, & longissimus capitis mm, & the digestric posterior m. belly
53
Q

T.P. of C1 (lateral mass)

A

bw the angle of the mandible & tip of mastoid process

54
Q

Supraclavicular fossa

A

superior to the clavicle & lateral to the suprasternal notch (depression bw clavicle, interior of AC jt, trap m, & neck)

55
Q

Occiput

A

posteroinferior part of the skull (lower back & bottom of head)

56
Q

Inion

A

E.O.P., midline of occiput, marks the center of the superior nuchal line, attachment point for nuchal ligament

57
Q

Superior nuchal line

A

extends laterally from E.O.P./inion

58
Q

Greater occipital nn

A

palpate about 1 finger width lateral to the EOP/inion

59
Q

S.P.s of C2-C7

A

C6 dips away from palpation with cervical extension, C7 is very prominent usually

60
Q

Articular pillars (cervical facet/ZP joints)

A

palpate about 1 inch lateral to SPs

61
Q

Nuchal ligament

A
  • runs from EOP to C7’s SP, overlying & attaching to each cervical SP, homologous to supraspinous ligaments from C7 to sacrum
  • includes lamellar membrane & funicular cord
  • aka ‘paxwax’
62
Q

Digastric m

A

mm that make up the floor of the mouth, palpate from below chin

63
Q

Mandible

A

bottom jaw bone

64
Q

Coronoid process

A

anterior protuberance of mandible, palpable through & posterior to cheeks

65
Q

Condylar process

A
  • posterior protuberance of mandible, at head & jt of mandible
  • tender to palpate, but very close to anterior/inferior entrance to ear, have px open & shut jaw
66
Q

Mylohyoid m

A

m running from mandible to the hyoid bone, forming floor of mouth

67
Q

S.P.s of T1-T12

A
  • when standing, T7/T8 is usually medial of inferior angles of scapulae
  • when prone, T6 is usually medial of inferior angles of scapulae
68
Q

Interspinous spaces

A

gaps in between SPs, running the length of vertebral column

69
Q

Thoracic T.P.s

A
  • for T1-T4 & T8-T12: find area located up 1 interspinous space & lateral about 1 inch, to palpate
  • for T5-T7: find area located 2 interspinous spaces up & lateral about 1 inch, to palpate
70
Q

Rib angles

A

the most posteriorly prominent part of each rib

71
Q

Intercostal spaces

A

spaces in bw ribs

72
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A
  • the lower jaw’s articulation, contains MASSETER, TEMPORALIS, DIGASTRIC, & MYLOHYOID mm, the MANDIBLE itself, which includes the CORONOID & CONDYLAR PROCESSES, which join the TEMPORAL bone.
73
Q

Medial/vertebral border of scapula

A

most medial border, running vertically along scapula, from the inferior to the superior angles

74
Q

Inferior angle of scapula

A
  • if prone, usually level with T6 SP

- if standing, usually level w T7 SP

75
Q

Lateral borders of scapulae

A
  • aka ‘axillary border’, superior boney border of scapulae, running laterally towards shoulder
76
Q

Spine of scapulae

A

usually level with T3 SP, separates the supraspinatus & infraspinatus mm & fossas

77
Q

Supraspinatus fossa

A

depression superior of scapular spine, contains the supraspinatus m

78
Q

Infraspinatus fossa

A

depression inferior of scapular spine, contains the infraspinatus m

79
Q

Superior angles of scapulae

A

corners of the superior & medial borders of scapulae

80
Q

Iliac crests

A

usually level with L4-L5 interspinous space, or find the superior border of hips and most prominent boney surface

81
Q

PSIS

A

posterior superior iliac spine, located directly underneath the visible dimples just above the buttocks

82
Q

PIIS

A

posterior inferior iliac spine, located on the ilium side of the V-shaped notch bw the ilium & the sacrum

83
Q

(Long) Dorsal SI ligament

A

connects w/PSIS to the lateral borders of the sacrum

84
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

not directly palpable, bw articular surfaces of sacrum & ilia

85
Q

S.P.s of L1-L5

A

interspinous space bw L4-L5 is usually level w/iliac crests

86
Q

Mammillary processes

A

deep, about 3/4 inch lateral to the superior interspinous space to locate, although fairly impalpable

87
Q

Interspinous/supraspinous ll.

A

running over SPs from C7 to sacrum, continuous w/nuchal line above C7 to EOP

88
Q

Lumbar paravertebral mm

A

all the mm alongside the lumbar vertebrae

89
Q

Sacral base

A
  • the top of the sacrum

- palpate S1, then go up a little

90
Q

Sacral apex

A
  • narrow, inferior portion of sacrum, above coccyx
91
Q

Coccyx

A

bottom of vertebral column, just superior to anus

92
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

in the middle of each buttock approximately level w/gluteal m, the bottom ‘crest’ of ilia

93
Q

Sciatic n.

A

palpate midway bw ischial tuberosity & greater trochanter

94
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

lateral to suprasternal notch, point of articulation bw manubrium & clavicle

95
Q

Manubrium

A
  • top of sternum, above the angle of Louis

- articulates w/clavicles & R1 costal cartilages

96
Q

Angle of Louis

A
  • joint bw sternum & manubrium, point of articulation w/R2 costal cartilages
97
Q

Xyphoid process

A
  • the inferior end of sternum, partial articulation w/R7

- usually level w/T9, attachment point for celiac plexus cartilage, indirectly attaching costal cartilages w/sternum

98
Q

Sternum

A
  • includes manubrium, sternum, & xyphoid process, developed from 6 ‘sternebrae’, 4 of which fuse to make sternum proper
  • articulates w/manubrium & xyphoid process, also w/costal cartilages of R1-R7 directly
99
Q

Costosternal joints

A

attachment points of costal cartilage to the sternum, palpable & usually sensitive

100
Q

Costochondral junctions

A

attachments bw costal cartilage & ribs

101
Q

AC joint

A

acromioclavicular joint, the distal end of the clavicle, protrudes more than the acromion, making the little bump on the superior shoulder

102
Q

Acromion process

A

articulates w/clavicle to form acromioclavicular jt, part of superolateral shoulder

103
Q

Coracoid process

A

palpate about 1 inch inferior to the distal end of clavicle, usually sensitive

104
Q

Greater tuberosity of humerus

A
  • just inferior to the acromion’s lateral edge when arm is neutral
  • attachment pt for infraspinatus & teres minor mm
105
Q

Bicipital groove

A
  • bw greater & lesser tuberosities, superior tendon of the long head of biceps brachii m passes through here
  • becomes more palpable w/external rotation
106
Q

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

A
  • medial to bicipital groove, @ same level as coracoid process
  • more palpable w/external rotation
107
Q

Proximal biceps tendon

A
  • tendon @ long head of biceps brachii, runs through & palpated in bicipital groove
  • tendon @ short head of biceps brachii, attaches below coracoid process
  • elbow flexion makes more palpable
108
Q

Subdeltoid/subacromial bursa

A

just inferior to the lateral & anterior edge of acromion, usually only palpable when inflamed

109
Q

Brachial artery

A
  • to palpate, apply gentle pressure against the medial humeral shaft
  • also palpable medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa
110
Q

Medial epicondyle

A
  • on medial, distal humerus (corner of the elbow’s ‘funny bone’)
111
Q

Medial supracondylar line of humerus

A

bony ridge proximal to the medial epicondyle

112
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

connects the medial epicondyle to the ulna

113
Q

Ulnar n.

A
  • ‘funny bone’

- lies in groove bw the medial epicondyle & the olecranon process

114
Q

Olecranon process

A

corner of elbow, arm flexion makes more palpable

115
Q

Ulnar ridge

A

bony posteromedial edge of ulna, palpable from the olecranon to the wrist

116
Q

Triceps tendon

A

lies over the olecranon fossa

117
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

located on distal posterior humerus, contains the olecranon during extension, so is easier to palpate during elbow flexion

118
Q

Lateral epicondyle

A

located on lateral distal humerus, lateral to olecranon, is smaller & less defined than the medial epicondyle

119
Q

Lateral supracondylar line of humerus

A

bony ridge proximal to lateral epicondyle, longer & better defined than the medial supracondylar line

120
Q

Radial head

A
  • about 1 inch distal from the lateral epicondyle

- px pronates & supinates forearm slowly

121
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

connects lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament which encircles the radius

122
Q

Biceps brachii tendon

A

located on medial side of the cubital fossa, elbow flexion makes more palpable

123
Q

Median n.

A

just medial to the brachial artery, not palpable

Palpation (1 decks)

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