Midterm Flashcards
ABC
Airway. Breathing. Circulation
Sequence of events after injury occurs on field
Scene size up Type of incident Primary assessment Physical exam Patients medical history On going assessment Hand off report
AVPU
Alert. Verbal. Pain. Unresponsive
SX3
Severe bleeding. Shock. Spinal cord injury
What is a sign?
Something you can see
What is a symptom?
Something they have to tell you
Vital signs
Respiration rate
Pulse
BP
temperature
Normal pulse rate
60-90
Tachycardia
Pulse hits 100
Bradycardia
Anything below 60 BPM (become symptomatic at 50)
Blood pressure equipment
Sphygmomanometer
Stethoscope
Systolic
Pressure when the heart contracts
Diastolic
Rebound/ relaxing pressure
Tympanic body temp
Go down half to a full degree
Rectal body temp
Go up half to full degree
PEARL
Pupils Equal And Reactive to Light
Jugular vein distension
Heart or vascular issue is occurring
Paradoxical motion
One side of chest only expanding
PMS (for extremity testing)
Pulse. Motor. Sensation
Take vitals every _____ minutes
15
If unstable take vitals every ____ minutes
5
TBI
Traumatic brain injury
CHI
Closed head injury
Hematoma
Bruising within the brain; collection of blood
Hemorrhage
Actively bleeding within your meninges
Countrecoup concussion
Happens on opposite side of injury
Coup concussion
Directly under the point of contact
Epidural hematoma
Dura separates from skull
S&S: altered LOC (lucid interval), dilated pupils, neuro deficits, nausea/ vomiting
Subdural hematoma
Underneath the dura mater
May take 24-48 hours to present
S&S: fluctuating mental status, headaches
Tx: possible neurosurgery
Skull fracture
S&S: concussive symptoms, CSF, palpable depression, raccoon eyes, battle sign
Concussion
Closed head injury with loss of brain function
Cantu concussion grading scale
Grade 1, 2, 3
Based off how long symptoms last loss if consciousness and for how long
Simple concussion
Resolved complication within 7-10 days
Limited play until asymptomatic
Rest- light exercise- sport specific training- non contact- contact- game
MD eval mandated
Complex concussion
Symptoms persist longer than 7-10 days Loss of consciousness under a minute Convulsive motion/ posturing Prolonged cognitive impairment Suggest referral to MD/ neurologist
Glasgow coma scale for eyes
4: spontaneously
3: to speech
2: to pain
1: no response
Atherosclerosis
Arteries narrows causing decrease elasticity if vessels and occlusion of the lumen; limits blood flow to the coronary artery
Angina pectoris
Chest pain
Stable: increases work load of the heart, increases stress, relieved my rest and nitro
Unstable: RED FLAG
Myocardial infarction
Coronary artery spasm
Lupus and RA
Dysrhythmias
Not having steady breathing; lots of different causes
Rheumatic fever
This is triggered by strep throat and it occurs in 3-5% untreated strep cases
Myocarditis can happen from….
Playing with a cold
Presenting signs of heart issue
Sudden death
Shortness of breath
Unexplained syncope
Chest pain
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Autosomal dominant inherited disorder; left side of heart is bigger than the right throwing off the flow of the heart
Right ventricular dysplasia
Fatty tissue and fibrin deposit in the right ventricle
Right ventricle enlarges, dilates and leads to arrhythmias
Long QT syndrome
Hank gathers
Inherited disorder
Sudden
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation
Concentric LVH
Result of longstanding uncontrolled hypertension
Symmetrical hypertrophy
Commotion cordis
Blunt injury to chest interrupting the electrical activity of the heart
Marfan Syndrome
Flo Hyman
Hereditary connective tissue disease with structural anomalies of the cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular systems
Death by aortic rupture
Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
Hemothorax
Blood collects in the pleural space
Tension pneumothorax
Increased pressure within the chest cavity
Lung collapse
Major sign: tracheal deviation
