Midterm Flashcards
What are the key points about the human condition?
- From birth inclined toward evil
- unable to choose selfless good
- our freedom is constrained by our sinful nature
- unable to genuinely please God
Key passage of Doc. of Salvation?
Ephesians 1:1-14
3-6 the father is the source
7-12 the son is the provision
13-14 the spirit makes effective
Name the 5 atonement theories.
- ransom
- satisfaction
- moral influence
- governmental
- penal substitution
Ransom theory
Key Passages:
- Mark 10:45 he gave his life as a ransom for many
- Col. 2:15 he disarmed the rulers and authorities
- 1 Cor. 6:20 you are bought at a price
Pros -ransom for many; imagery is important -there was a great cost Cons -the literalness can be pushed too far
Satisfaction Theory
Key Points:
- God’s honor is offended
- God’s honor must be recompensed
- Christ makes satisfaction of God’s wounded honor
Pros -something needed to be offered for salvation -Christ death is objective and Godward Cons -too heavily draw to the feudal system
Moral Influence
Key Points:
- Christ death was a lavish demonstration of love
- This love softens sinners and brings about ethical change
- our changed hearts are able to live new lives
Pros
-something happened IN us in salvation
Con
-takes away from the outward happening life/death/resurrection
-too optimistic about the human condition
Governmental Theory
Key Points:
- Christ’s death was a “token” payment
- Is. 42:21 “the Lord was pleased…to magnify his law”
Pros
-the offense was against something outside of us
Cons
-locates the law as outside of God himself
Penal Substitution
2 Cor. 5:21 - he was made sin for others
1 Pt. 2:24 - He bore our sins in His body on the cross
Heb. 9:28 - He suffered once to bear the sins of others
Is. 53:4-6 - He experienced horrible suffering, scourging, and death in place of sinners
Propitation
To turn away wrath by means of an offering
Redemption
To purchase at the marketplace; it means liberation from slavery because payment has been made
Forgiveness
To remove the changes that were held against sinners; made possible because of propitiation and redemption
Reconciliation
To bring harmony and peace; the barrier is removed between God and man
Christ our Example
His life as a model brings us inspiration to imitate Him
Christ our Victor
He conquered evil and reigns in triumph; Christ’s resurrection is the victory over sin, death and the law
What are the objections to Penal Substitutionary Atonement
also know objections to objections
- It makes Christ death a glorification of domestic violence
- It is based in ancient pagan notions of an angry deity
- Moral debts, unlike monetary ones, can’t be paid or another
Universal Redemption
Christ Work objectively redeemed every person
John 1:29, John 3:16, 1 Cor. 15:22
Particular Redemption
Christ’s work objectively redeemed particular people (the elect)
Rom. 8:33-34, John 10:11, Eph. 5:25
Hypothetical Universal Redemption
Christ’s work make the redemption of every person possible
Ez. 18:23, 1 Tim. 2:4, 1 Tim. 4:10
Union With Christ (5)
Ontological - the creator absorbs creation into divine life
Sacramental - the Christian is incorporated in Christ mystically through sacraments
Covenantal - united with Christ under the covenant of grace
Moral-Filial - the christian is brought into the deepest relationship with God and each other
Experiential - the christian identifies with christ as a new reality
Conditional Election
Premise:
-God’s choice incompatible with free will
-Christ died for all and wills all to be saved
-personal obligation is limited to one’s ability to act otherwise
Foreknowledge-see who will believe
Election- God choosing those who freely believe
Synergism- God and man act together
Adherents- Arminius
Corporate Election
Premise:
-God wills to have a people
-God wills to provide salvation for all people
-Personal obligation is limited to one’s ability to act otherwise
Foreknowledge- God looking forward in a group/class of people
Election- God’s purpose to save a class of people
Synergism- God and man act together in election/conversion
Adherents: William Klein; Clark Pinnock
Double-Unconditional Election
Premises:
-God’s sovereign choice is compatible with human freedom
-Christ died for the elect
-personal obligation does not imply personal ability to act otherwise
Foreknowledge- foreordaining
Election- save some/condemn others
Monergism- God acts alone in election/conversion
Adherents: Luther, Calvin and Zwingli
Universal Election
Premise:
-Calvinist have hidden will of God apart from Christ
-It is a static view, rather than dynamic
-it suggest God is for some and against others
Foreknowledge- God’s sovereign counsel to be God for us in Jesus Christ
Election- God’s sovereign choice of Jesus Christ - the elect man & electing God
Monergism- God alone acts in Jesus Christ
Adherents- Karl Barth
Single-Unconditional Election
Premise:
-God’s sovereign choice is compatible with free will
-Christ died for the elect
-Personal obligation does not imply personal ability to act otherwise
Foreknowledge- Foreordaining
Election- Save some/Leave others
Monergism- God acts alone
Adherents: Aquinas, John Gill, A.H. Strong
Supralapsarian
Decree to…
- Elect
- Create
- Permit fall
- Jesus
Infralapsarian
Decree to…
- Create
- Permit fall
- Elect
- Jesus
Sublapsarian
Decree to…
- Create
- Permit Fall
- Jesus
- Elect
Grace (5)
Natural Capacity- natural enablement
Divine- gift to those who seek him; increases with faith
Universal Prevenient- flows unconditionally to all
Identical to Christ- redemption we have in Christ
Effective- Freely given to all; specially given to believers
Election
- Before creation, because of his sovereign good pleasure. God chooses some people to be saved. Eph. 1:4-5
Calling
- God summons people to himself through the human proclamation of the gospel so they respond in saving faith. Rom. 8:30
Regenration
- God secretly and sovereignly imparts spiritual life to those who have been called. Titus 3:5
Conversion
- We willingly respond to the gospel call repenting of sin and placing faith in Christ for salvation. 2 Cor. 7:9-10
Justification
- An instantaneous legal act of God in which he declares that our sins are forgive and Christ’s righteousness is ours. Romans 3:24-28
Adoption
- An act of God in which he makes us members of his family. Romans 8:15
Sanctification
- A progressive, lifelong work of God and man that frees us from sin and makes us more like Christ. Eph. 4:1-2
Perseverance
- All those who are justified will be kept by God’s power and persevere as Christians to the end of their lives. Phil. 1:6
Glorification
- God will finally remove all trace of sin from the Christian and give him a resurrection body. Romans 8
Call: Natural Capacity
- no original sin
- natural ability to believe
- i came by myself
Call: Special & Resistable
-Lutheran view (cross between arm. and cal.)
