MidTerm 210705 Flashcards
Menhir
A megalithic upright slab of stone, sometimes placed in rows by prehistoric peoples
Megalith
From the Greek mega, meaning “big,” and lithos, meaning “stone.” A huge stone such as those used in cromlechs and dolmens.
Trilith
A form of construction using three stones-two uprights and a lintel-found frequently in Neolithic tomb and ritual architecture.
Dolmen
A structure formed by two or more large, upright stones capped by a horizontal slab. Thought to be a prehistoric tomb.
Cromlech
Construction often, megaliths appear in circles, known as cromlechs
Ziggurat
The name for a stepped pyramid
Ziggurat
From the Assyrian word ‘ziqquratu’, meaning mountaintop or height. In ancient Assyrian or Babylonia, a pyramidal tower built of mud brick and forming the base of a temple.
Mausoleum
The generic name for an ancient Egyptian tomb
Mausoleum
The generic name for an ancient Egyptian tomb.Huge tomb, erected in Asia Minor, 4 B.C. by King Mausolus and his wife, Artemisia. Generic term for any large funerary monument.
Necropolis
The greek name for city of the dead
Lamassu=A guard of a palace depicted as half man half bull or lion w/wings.
Rhyton=A drinking or pouring vessel designed in a human or animal form.
Stele=From the Greek word for “standing block.” An upright stone slab or pillar, sometimes with a carved design or inscription.
The difference between a lamassu, rhyton and stele
Stele
The Greek name for standing block
Stele
The Greek name for standing block. Upright stone slab with a carved commemorative design or inscription.
A roofing technique in which each layer of stone projects inward slightly over the previous layer until all sides meet.
Corbeling
An adjective describing masonry with large, unhewn stones, thought by the Greeks to have been built by the Cyclops.
Cyclopean Architecture
The central audience hall in a Mycenaean or Minoan palace or home. From the Greek word for ‘large’
A Megaron
A monster shaped half like a man and half like a bull, confined in the labyrinth built by Daedalus for Minos, and given a periodic tribute of youths and maidens as food until slain by Theseus
A Minotaur
A mortal Gorgon who is slain when decapitated by Perseus
A Medusa
Pylon
The Greek name for gateway the monumental entrance to an Egyptian temple
Porta
The Latin word for door or gate
A door or a gate, usually a monumental one with elaborate sculptural decoration
A portal
Hypostyle=A hall whose roof is supported by columns.
Peristyle=In a Roman house or domus, an open garden court surrounded by a colonnade.
The difference between hypostyle and peristyle
An ancient Greek jar or vase with a large oval body, narrow cylindrical neck, and two handles that rise almost to the level of the mouth
broadly : such a jar or vase used elsewhere in the ancient world
An Amphora
In Greek and Roman antiquity, a shallow drinking cup with two horizontal handles, often set on a step terminating in a foot
A Kylix
Kylix is for drinking and Amphora can be used for anything including burial
The difference between Amphora and Kylix
A building with a circular plan, often with a sacred nature.
A Tholos
A series of regularly spaced columns supporting a lintel or entablature approximately cylindrical, upright architectural support, usually consisting of a long relatively slender shaft, a base, and a capital
A Colonnade
A continuous band of painted or sculptural decoration
A frieze
Three types=Ionic, Doric & Engaged
A Column
The uppermost member of a column or pillar supporting the architrave
A Capital
In classical architecture, a low gable, typically triangular framed by a horizontal cornice below and two raking cornices above.
A Pediment
The entire structure above the columns. In a classical order this includes the architrave, frieze and cornice.
An Entablature
The lowermost portion of a classical entablature; i.e. a series of stone blocks that rest directly on the columns.
The Architrave
A platform or masonry floor above the stereobate forming the foundation for the columns of a Greek temple.
The Stylobate
The substructure of a Classical building, especially a Greek Temple.
The Stereobate
Vault
An arched roof or ceiling usually made of stone, brick or concrete.
Triumphal Arch
A monumental arch, sometimes a combination of three arches, erected by a Roman emperor in commemoration of military exploits and usually decorated with scenes of these deeds in relief sculpture
Thrust
The lateral pressure exerted by a vault, arch or dome which must be counteracted at its point of greatest concentration either by the thickness of the wall or by some form of buttress.
Sphinx
In ancient Egypt, a creature having the head of a man, animal or bird, and the body of a lion; frequently sculpted in monumental form
Rhyton
An ancient drinking or pouring vessel made from pottery, metal or stone and sometimes designed in human or animal form.
