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Art HIstory > MidTerm 210705 > Flashcards

MidTerm 210705 Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Menhir

A

A megalithic upright slab of stone, sometimes placed in rows by prehistoric peoples

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2
Q

Megalith

A

From the Greek mega, meaning “big,” and lithos, meaning “stone.” A huge stone such as those used in cromlechs and dolmens.

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3
Q

Trilith

A

A form of construction using three stones-two uprights and a lintel-found frequently in Neolithic tomb and ritual architecture.

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4
Q

Dolmen

A

A structure formed by two or more large, upright stones capped by a horizontal slab. Thought to be a prehistoric tomb.

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5
Q

Cromlech

A

Construction often, megaliths appear in circles, known as cromlechs

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6
Q

Ziggurat

A

The name for a stepped pyramid

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7
Q

Ziggurat

A

From the Assyrian word ‘ziqquratu’, meaning mountaintop or height. In ancient Assyrian or Babylonia, a pyramidal tower built of mud brick and forming the base of a temple.

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8
Q

Mausoleum

A

The generic name for an ancient Egyptian tomb

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9
Q

Mausoleum

A

The generic name for an ancient Egyptian tomb.Huge tomb, erected in Asia Minor, 4 B.C. by King Mausolus and his wife, Artemisia. Generic term for any large funerary monument.

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10
Q

Necropolis

A

The greek name for city of the dead

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11
Q

Lamassu=A guard of a palace depicted as half man half bull or lion w/wings.

Rhyton=A drinking or pouring vessel designed in a human or animal form.

Stele=From the Greek word for “standing block.” An upright stone slab or pillar, sometimes with a carved design or inscription.

A

The difference between a lamassu, rhyton and stele

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12
Q

Stele

A

The Greek name for standing block

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13
Q

Stele

A

The Greek name for standing block. Upright stone slab with a carved commemorative design or inscription.

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14
Q

A roofing technique in which each layer of stone projects inward slightly over the previous layer until all sides meet.

A

Corbeling

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15
Q

An adjective describing masonry with large, unhewn stones, thought by the Greeks to have been built by the Cyclops.

A

Cyclopean Architecture

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16
Q

The central audience hall in a Mycenaean or Minoan palace or home. From the Greek word for ‘large’

A

A Megaron

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17
Q

A monster shaped half like a man and half like a bull, confined in the labyrinth built by Daedalus for Minos, and given a periodic tribute of youths and maidens as food until slain by Theseus

A

A Minotaur

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18
Q

A mortal Gorgon who is slain when decapitated by Perseus

A

A Medusa

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19
Q

Pylon

A

The Greek name for gateway the monumental entrance to an Egyptian temple

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20
Q

Porta

A

The Latin word for door or gate

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21
Q

A door or a gate, usually a monumental one with elaborate sculptural decoration

A

A portal

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22
Q

Hypostyle=A hall whose roof is supported by columns.

Peristyle=In a Roman house or domus, an open garden court surrounded by a colonnade.

A

The difference between hypostyle and peristyle

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23
Q

An ancient Greek jar or vase with a large oval body, narrow cylindrical neck, and two handles that rise almost to the level of the mouth
broadly : such a jar or vase used elsewhere in the ancient world

A

An Amphora

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24
Q

In Greek and Roman antiquity, a shallow drinking cup with two horizontal handles, often set on a step terminating in a foot

A

A Kylix

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25
Kylix is for drinking and Amphora can be used for anything including burial
The difference between Amphora and Kylix
26
A building with a circular plan, often with a sacred nature.
A Tholos
27
A series of regularly spaced columns supporting a lintel or entablature approximately cylindrical, upright architectural support, usually consisting of a long relatively slender shaft, a base, and a capital
A Colonnade
28
A continuous band of painted or sculptural decoration
A frieze
29
Three types=Ionic, Doric & Engaged
A Column
30
The uppermost member of a column or pillar supporting the architrave
A Capital
31
In classical architecture, a low gable, typically triangular framed by a horizontal cornice below and two raking cornices above.
A Pediment
32
The entire structure above the columns. In a classical order this includes the architrave, frieze and cornice.
An Entablature
33
The lowermost portion of a classical entablature; i.e. a series of stone blocks that rest directly on the columns.
The Architrave
34
A platform or masonry floor above the stereobate forming the foundation for the columns of a Greek temple.
The Stylobate
35
The substructure of a Classical building, especially a Greek Temple.
The Stereobate
36
Vault
An arched roof or ceiling usually made of stone, brick or concrete.
37
Triumphal Arch
A monumental arch, sometimes a combination of three arches, erected by a Roman emperor in commemoration of military exploits and usually decorated with scenes of these deeds in relief sculpture
38
Thrust
The lateral pressure exerted by a vault, arch or dome which must be counteracted at its point of greatest concentration either by the thickness of the wall or by some form of buttress.
39
Sphinx
In ancient Egypt, a creature having the head of a man, animal or bird, and the body of a lion; frequently sculpted in monumental form
40
Rhyton
An ancient drinking or pouring vessel made from pottery, metal or stone and sometimes designed in human or animal form.
41
Relief
The projection of a figure or part of a design from the background or plane on which it is carved or molded.
42
Pylon
Greek word for "gateway." The monumental entrance building to an Egyptian temple or forecourt consisting of either a massive wall with sloping sides pierced by a doorway.
43
Propylaeum
The entrance to a temple or other enclosure, especially when it is an elaborate structure.
44
Post and Lintel
A basic system of construction in which two or more uprights, the posts, support a horizontal member, the lintel.
45
Portico
A columned porch a roof or an entablature and pediment, often approached by a number of steps. It provides a covered entrance to a building.
46
Pillar
A general term for a vertical architectural support which includes columns and pilasters
47
Pilaster
A flat, vertical element projecting from a wall surface and normally having a base, shaft, and capital. Generally decorative rather than structural
48
Peristyle
In a Roman house or Domus, an open garden or court surrounded by a colonnade.
49
Pedestal
An architectural support for a statue, vase, column
50
Papyrus
Tall, aquatic plant. A paperlike material made by laying together thin strips of the pith of this plant and then soaking, pressing, and drying the whole.
51
Paleolithic
The Old Stone Age, usually divided into Lower, Middle and Upper (which began about 35,000 B.C.) A society of nomadic hunters who used stone implements
52
Nike
Ancient Greek goddess of victory, often identified with Athena and by the Romans with Victoria. Usually represented as a winged woman with windblown draperies.
53
Neolithic
The New Stone Age, thought to have begun around 9000 B.C.
54
Mesolithic
Transitional period of the Stone Age between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic
55
Muses
In Greek mythology, the nine goddesses who presided over various arts and sciences. They are led by Apollo, as god of music and usually include Calliope, muse of epic poetry; Clio, muse of history; Erato, muse of love poetry; Euterpe, muse of music; Melpomene, muse of tragedy; Polyhumnia, muse of sacred music; Terpsichore, muse of dancing; Thalia, muse of comedy and Urania, muse of astronomy.
56
Mastaba
An ancient Egyptian tomb
57
Lekythos
A Greek oil jug with an ellipsoidal body, narrow neck, flanged mouth, curved handle and a narrow base.
58
Lamassu
Ancient Near Eastern guardian of a palace, often headed bull or lion with wings
59
Krater
A Greek vessel of assorted shapes in which wine and water are mixed
60
Kouros
Greek word for 'male youth' standing, nude youth.
61
Jambs
The vertical sides of an opening
62
Insula
Latin word for island. Ancient Roman city block. Roman apartment house.
63
Hypostyle
A hall whose roof is supported by columns
64
Guttae
Small, peglike projections above the frieze; possibly derived from pegs originally used in wooden construction.
65
Ground Plan
An architectural drawing presenting a building as if cut horizontally at the floor level.
66
Gable
The triangular area framed by the cornice or eaves of a building and the sloping sides of a pitched roof.
67
Forum
In an ancient Roman city, the main public square which was the center of judicial and business activity.
68
Fluting
In architecture the ornamental grooves carved into the shaft or a column or a pilaster
69
Faience
A glass paste fired to a shiny opaque finish, used in Egypt and the Aegean.
70
Facade
The principal face or front of a building
71
Entasis
A swelling of the shaft of a column
72
Entablature
The entire structure above the columns. In a classical order, this includes the architrave, frieze and cornice.
73
Echinus
In the Doric Order, the round cushion like element between the top of the shaft and the abacus.
74
Dolmen
A structure formed by two or more large, upright stones capped by a horizontal slab.
75
Drum
A section of the shaft of a column. A circular-shaped wall supporting a dome.
76
Diorite
An igneous rock, extremely hard and usually black or dark grey in color
77
Cyclopean
An adjective describing masonry with large unhewn stones, thought by the Greeks to have been built by the Cyclops
78
Cuneiform
The wedge-shaped characters made in clay by the ancient Mesopotamians as a writing system.
79
Cromlech
From the Welsh for "concave stone". A circle of large, upright stones probably used as the setting for ritual ceremonies in prehistoric Britain.
80
Cornice
The projecting, framing members of a classical Pediment, including the horizontal one beneath and the two sloping or raking ones above.
81
Corbeling
Roofing technique in which each layer of stone projects inward slightly over the previous layer until all sides meet.
82
Column
An approximately cylindrical upright architectural support, usually consisting of a long, relatively slender shaft, a base, and a capital.
83
Colonnade
A series of regularly spaced columns supporting a lintel or entablature.
84
Clerestory
A row of windows in the upper part of a wall that rises above an adjoining roof; built to provide direct lighting.
85
City-State
An autonomous political unit comprising a city and the surrounding countryside.
86
Cella
The principle enclosed room of a temple to house an image. Also called the naos. The entire body of a temple as distinct from its external parts
87
Casting
A method of duplicating a work of sculpture by pouring a hardening substance such as plaster or molten metal into a mold
88
Caryatid
A sculptured female figure used as an architectural support. A similar male figure is an atlas.
89
Capital
The uppermost member of a column or pillar supporting the architrave
90
Canopy
In architecture, an ornamental, rooflike projection or cover above a statue or sacred object
91
Campanile
A bell tower, sometimes freestanding
92
Caesar
The surname of the Roman dictator, Caius Julius Caesar, subsequently used as the title of an emperor; hence, the German Kaiser and the Russion Czar.
93
Buttress
A projecting support built against an external wall, usually to counteract the lateral thrust of a vault or arch within.
94
Bronze Age
The earliest age in which bronze was used for tools or weapons. In the Middle East the Bronze Age succeeded the Neolithic period in c. 3500 B.C. and preceded the Iron Age which commenced c. 1900 B.C.
95
Base
The lowermost portion of a column or pier, beneath the shaft. The element of a wall, dome, or building.
96
Attic
A low upper story placed above the main cornice or entablature of a building and often decorated with windows or pilasters.
97
Atrium
The central court of a Roman house or its open entrance court
98
Architrave
The lowermost portion of a classical entablature; i.e., a series of stone blocks that rest directly on the columns
99
Aqueduct
Latin for "duct of water". An artificial channel for transporting water or an overground structure which carries the channel across rivers, valleys etc.,
100
Ampitheater
A double theater. A building usually oval consisting of tiers of seats and access corridors around the central theater area.

Art HIstory (3 decks)

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