Midterm Flashcards
folklore
oral versions of fairytales. had competing versions…could change it…more lower-class/peasants: oppression & hope
literary folktales
printed..can’t change
recrafted oral
oral traditional sources: Ex - Grimm Brothers
original fairytales
using conventions of the genre. Ex: Hans Christian Andersen
Sleeping Beauty version
1634: Giambattista Basile
1847: translated for children story..removed sex/birth/breastfeeding
Precieux
a tone in art-refinement. wealthy women of France took oral french folktales and made them more sophisticated and refined. They took out the carnivalesque aspects
Jack Zipes 3 waves of French fairy tales:
Experimental Salon Fairy Tale: 1690-1703 elitist criticize King Louis XIV
Oriental Tale: 1704-1720 wanted new/diff tales to hear and tell - traveled to the orient and translated into French. More politically correct and conservative
Conventional & Comical: 1721-1789 Adults no longer interested in fairy tales - finds their way in to nurseries. Much more conservative for children tales
Aporia
Strongly didactic…tells which way is right or wrong then argues against it. Saying one thing but your actions argue a diff stance. opinions contradict. a doubt, real or professed, about what to do or say
The Grimm Brothers
Jacob 1785-1863
Wilhelm 1786-1859
Scholars, law men, philologists (LINGUISTS) - history of language..how it changes overtime
protolanguage
the true first language…the Grimm Brothers were trying to find it
Clemens Brentano
wanted to put their collection of fairy tales to music
Olenberg Manuscript
made for Brentano but he lost it…found in a monastery in 1920
Volumes of collections
Volume I: 1812 Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children’s and Household Tales)
Volume II: 1815
LRRH - Perrault
Le Petit Chaperon Rouge and may have had its origins in 17th-century French folklore. The wolf eats the grandma and red..but before asks red to get into bed w/ him
LRRH - Grimm
Took Perrault’s version but they modified the ending; this version had the little girl and her grandmother saved by a huntsman who was after the wolf’s skin - going along with the patriarchal society/belief that a man saves a women
monolithic
one view that applies to everyone
bourgeoisie
middle-class business owner: clean, quiet music, nicer things, sobriety
Terry Eagleton’s ideology
often unconscious (can be conscious) ideas we have about experiencing and feeling (social power over people)
Terry Eagleton’s conception of ideology is the often unconscious ideas we have about being or experiencing the world. These ideas are related to maintaining social power
Carnivalesque
coined by Mikhail Bakhtin
- text, moment, or institution that calls into question the hierarchy, rules & regulations of society
- subverts and liberates the assumptions of the dominant style or atmosphere through humor and chaos.
- unacceptable behavior is welcomed and accepted…one’s natural behavior can be revealed without the consequences.
- a “world upside-down”
didactic vs morally ambiguous
didactic - a philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities…work that appears to be overly burdened with instructive, factual, or otherwise educational information, to the detriment of the enjoyment of the reader
morally ambiguous - unclear moral (of the story)….lack of clarity in ethical decision-making. That is, when an issue, situation, or question has moral dimensions or implications, but the decidedly “moral” action to take is unclear.
child-centered text
- books that suggest and capable, smart and interested child reader
- also depicts the children in the book as this way as well (capable, smart, etc..)
- morally ambiguous, complicated, deals with violence and sexuality…
adult-centered text
easier for adults to accept - good virtuous adults depicted and in power- children depicted as helpless and needing adults- didactic- imply a scared- nervous and maybe stupid child reader who is scared and off-put by challenge
Official school poetry
Formal and conceptual. Written by adults for children and maybe adults. Sometimes adult centered-Tendency to imagine unsure reader. Text is static doesn’t change only one version -usually read in isolation -read or performed by a single reader -only exists on the page -uses conventional language- serious -if funny it’s clean humor or intellectual humor -embodies restraint and craft -involves adult values and sensibility.
Domesticated playground poetry
Not usually brought into the school meant for the home. Written by adults only for children! Sometimes adult centered or child centered evenly split -read isolation with one reader. Exist on the page only one version. Often scatological. Only suggest scatology but it’s cleaned up not dirty humor. Intellectual, funny, evokes carnivalesque. Content can be violent or scatological but always restrained by adult sensibility of the Coram
Playground poetry
Does not exist on the page, only in the mind and can’t censor or domesticate it. Controlled by children and the child community, parents cannot control it. Written by many authors/people – often children- references can change with the times and modified by the community of children. Content is very carnivalesque- unfiltered by the unconventional morals - still embodies conventional ideological values: racism, dirty language, violence, sexuality. Involves body movement: jumping rope/ clapping hands
Hegemonic
Ruling or dominating and a political or social context – one group has power over another – oppressed group feels it is best for them to be oppressed – they are okay with it
Michel Foucault - Panopticon
All seeing..all-knowing – always been watched: example = Santa. Panoptic situation creates model behavior to which those in power prefer – modify behavior when you’re being watched
Ideological apparatus
An institution that hails us into a way of being. It teaches us how we are supposed to act -what is right and wrong and they model good behavior. Examples: teachers, school system, parents, police, etc..
Repressive apparatus
An institution that uses force and coersion to make people behave the way they want them to. These apparatuses are trying to create a society who will police themselves so we would not need a repressive apparatus. Examples: police, border patrol, teacher, parents
Didactic
Clear moral sense of what is right and wrong
Agency
Ability to act on and change the world
1862
July4th: boat trip with sisters, Dodgson, and Duckworth. First time Dodgson told Alice’s Adventures Underground
1863
Alice Liddell begged Charles to write down the stories. He finally did- all hand written and original art by him
1865
Published Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
1867
Re-published Alice’s Adventures Underground. Also Started writing through…published in 1871
1898
Charles Lutwig Dodgson dies
3 things Dodgson known for
Mathematician, photographer, and writer
The doer of good and doer of evil
Loki
Interpellation
Louis Althusser: the very process by which institutions “hail” us into social interactions
Heteroglossia
“hetero” meaning different, “glossia” meaning words/tongues. When a text contains many different voices; the more heteroglossia, less privileged. There are multiple viewpoints within the story.
Sentimental text
A text that tries to evoke profound emotion intentionally. That emotion is undeserved (subjective)
Catharsis
Greek tragedy; one experiences profound emotion and leaves spiritually elated.
Feminist criticism
That a girl in the novel helps the boy grow emotionally then dies tragically when she has served her purpose (ex: Leslie in B.T.T)
(Long Form) Realism
Novel depicts events that could happen in the world as we know it.
Historical Novel
Novel of realistic fiction; takes place in a remarkably different time than the time in which the novel is published. (ex: “Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry”)
Irony
Author says one thing but means something else.
Pathos
Appeals to emotion
Bathos
Insincere or overdone pathos; too much. “So sad its ridiculous”
Radical Individualism
American idea; the notion individuals make history, start movements, work hard and change the situation; better off thinking of ourselves as individuals opposed to larger collections (race/gender); Look out for self (ex: the western hero)
Individuation
The character reaches a point where he/she can go off on your own (ex: Jess individuates himself by doing something by himself [going with the teacher] and leaves Leslie behind)
Syuzhet
Subject/plot; the way the events are conveyed to the reader; the way the plot is arranged (coined by Russian Formalists)
Fabula
To speak/false; the stuff that happens in the course of the story; list of events that happens in the story (coined by Russian Formalists)
Linear Plot
The story happens in a chronological order; (ex: “Esperanza Rising”)
Non-Linear Plot
Events told out of order. Ex: flashbacks
bildungsroman
an educational novel dealing with one person’s formative years or spiritual education.
novel of development…take a character and they go through struggles to become a better person
Hero Tale by Joseph Campbell
- unusual birth.childhood (marked as special)
- education of the hero (mentorship)
- Quest - international significance! (saves the world)
- Death (metaphoric) decent into Underworld, emerges from death as a hero!
fantasy
different from the world we know
-prototypical of the genres can be mismatched and mixed
alagorical fantasy
direct 1:1 between characters and some abstract ideas
fairytales
once upon a time… mythical land - no complex characters
fantastic
set in the normal world, but fantastical things happen
science fiction
fiction based on imagined future scientific or technological advances and major social or environmental changes, frequently portraying space or time travel and life on other planets.
alternate world fantasy
starts in the normal world, but through a passage way you come into a new and fantastic world
heroic fantasy
in an invented world, involves a single hero on a quest that has international significance. Ex: The Hobbit
Argus Panoptes
- sent to guard IO when she was turned into a cow
- had hundreds of eyes
- Argus in Harry Potter is always watching and had a magical cat
