Midterm

Question 0

When using cladistics, the species whose phylogenetic relationship we want to determine is called the _________

Answer 0

Ingroup

Question 1

The theory of common descent

Answer 1

Was proposed by Charles Darwin

States that all living species were derived from a single common ancestor

Question 2

A bat wing and a bird wing are examples of

Answer 2

Analagous traits

Question 3

Traits that increase the chance of survival and reproduction are called

Answer 3

Adaptations

Question 4

Ecological fitness describes an increased chance of

Answer 4

Survival and reproduction

Question 5

Adaptations arise as a result of

Answer 5

Genetic mutations

Question 6

Evolution is defined as

Answer 6

Change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Question 7

Examples of environmental pressures include:

Answer 7

Predation
Interspecific competiton (same species)
Intraspecific competition (different species)

Question 8

Do all mutations result in adaptations?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Camouflage is a type of

Answer 9

Adaptation

Question 10

Over time, _______________ are gradually phased out

Answer 10

Non-adaptive traits

Question 11

The theory of natural selection states that differences in ability to survive and/or reproduce arise as a result of

Answer 11

Genetic variation among individuals in a population

Question 12

Evolution is the ______________ in relation to natural selection

Answer 12

Outcome

Question 13

Growth rates for a given population are a function of several factors, including:

Answer 13

Death rates
Birth rates
Emigration
Immigration

Question 14

What can result in eutrophication?

Answer 14

Excess of nutrient flow into an aquatic system

Fertilizer run-off into a lake

Question 15

An environmental contaminat that is difficult to break down is said to be

Answer 15

Persistent

Question 16

Carnivores represent which thropic level?

Answer 16

Secondary consumers

Question 17

The accumulation of persistent toxins in the tissues of organisms is termed:

Answer 17

Bioaccumulation

Question 18

How does immigration change overall growth rate?

Answer 18

Increases it

Question 19

The largest population size that an environment can sustain is referred to as its

Answer 19

Carrying capacity

Question 20

The increase in concentration of persistent environmental contaminants in higher tropic levels is referred to as

Answer 20

Biomagnification

Question 21

In an environment with unlimited resources, the trend in population growth would be referred to as

Answer 21

Exponential

Question 22

The two major processes that occur at the ecosystem level are

Answer 22

The flow of energy from the sun

Nutient cycling through organisms and the non-living world

Question 23

Species abundance is:

Answer 23

The total number of individuals in a population

Question 24

An ecosystem is defined by

Answer 24

The living and non-living components of an environment

Question 25

A _______________ is aterm used to describe a dramatic decrease in size of a population over a short period of time.

Answer 25

Population bottleneck

Question 26

The interdisciplinary science focus on preserving and sustainably using natural resources is

Answer 26

Conservation biology

Question 27

Keystone species

Answer 27

Has a low abundance that is disproportionate to its ecosystem effect

Question 28

Random changes in the allele frequencies of a population over time is referred to as

Answer 28

Genetic drift

Question 29

If two species are competing for a common resource, the removal of one species would result in

Answer 29

The other population increasing in size

Question 30

The pattern of dispersal accross the geographic landscape (how individual are spred out) is referred to as the population’s

Answer 30

Distribution

Question 31

In _______________ a solid changes to a gas, and the heat is ___________.

Answer 31

Sublimation, released

Question 32

In ________________ a liquid changes to a solid, and heat is _________.

Answer 32

Freezing, released

Question 33

During melting, heat is

Answer 33

Absorbed

Question 34

When liquid evaporates, heat is

Answer 34

Absorbed

Question 35

In ______________ a gas changes phases to a solid, and heat is ____________.

Answer 35

Deposition, absorbed

Question 36

Air is said to be ______________, when it contains all of the water vapor it can hold at a particular temperature

Answer 36

Saturated

Question 37

We used a _______________ to measure relative humidity and dew-point temperature.

Answer 37

Psychrometer

Question 38

Condensation occurs when

Answer 38

Air is cooled below dew-point temperature