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Geography > MIDTERM 2 REVIEW GEOG 100 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 2 REVIEW GEOG 100 Flashcards

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1
Q

an avalanche is…

A

a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside

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2
Q

avalanches occur in

A

remote uninhabited mountains during fall winter and spring

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3
Q

Start Zone

A

where the snowpack fails

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4
Q

track

A

path of acceleration and max velocity

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5
Q

run-out zone

A

deceleration and deposition

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6
Q

Most Avalanches Occur..

A

during or soon after snowstorms

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7
Q

point-release avalanches begin..

A

with a failure of a small amount of loose cohesionless snow

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8
Q

point-release avalanches do what when they move downslope

A

widen

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9
Q

what shape do point-slope avalanches have

A

inverted v

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10
Q

when do point-slope avalanches happen usually?

A

after a heavy snowfall

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11
Q

slab avalanches begin..

A

when snowpack fractures along a weak layer at depth

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12
Q

layered snowpacks failing cause..

A

slab avalanches

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13
Q

slab avalanches move..

A

as a cohesive block

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14
Q

T/F: slab avalanches can’t be triggered from below

A

false

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15
Q

wet avalanches contain

A

liquid water

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16
Q

dry avalanches generate

A

clouds of powdered snow

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17
Q

is compacted snow or light snow more likely to move?

A

light snow

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18
Q

hoar is:

A

ice crystals on snow when are is moist and cold

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19
Q

what is the most important factor for avalanche formation?

A

slope angle

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20
Q

Does BC have a high avalanche risk?

A

yes

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21
Q

Streams and Rivers are part of the _____ Cycle

A

hydrologic

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22
Q

River Gradient is greatest in

A

headwaters

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23
Q

river gradient is lowest in

A

river mouth

24
Q

What are streams to rivers?

A

tributaries

25
Q

A region drained by a single stream is called a:

A

drainage basin, watershed, river basin, or catchment

26
Q

Bed Load

A

particles of sand and gravel that slide, roll, and bounce along bottom of channel

27
Q

suspended load

A

silt and clay particles carried the water

28
Q

90% of total load in most rivers:

A

Suspended load

29
Q

Dissolved load

A

salts and minerals carried in solution in the river

30
Q

River Discharge (equation)

A

q = v * a

31
Q

which has a higher velocity? narrow or wide channels

A

narrow channels

32
Q

braided channels

A

channels with intersecting channels

33
Q

anastomosing channels

A

two or more channels with stable islands or bars where sediment is temporarily stored

34
Q

meandering channels

A

erode sediment from outer curve and deposit it at a lower inner curve

35
Q

floodplain

A

low-lying areas adjacent to the river channel

36
Q

Is velocity lower or higher on the outside of curves in a meandering channel?

A

lower

37
Q

what happens to riverbanks on the outside curve in meandering channels?

A

they erode

38
Q

Flooding occurs when:

A

the stream discharged cannot be contained within the banks

39
Q

what is flooding also known as?

A

bankfull discharge

40
Q

how often will streams usually flood?

A

every 1-3 years

41
Q

T/F: floods cause the greatest loss of life/property of all natural hazards

A

TRUE

42
Q

What causes flooding?

A

Extreme rainfall, rapid snowmelt, storm surges

43
Q

what is a human cause of flooding

A

dams breaching

44
Q

atmosphere

A

outermost, least dense layer

45
Q

T/F atmospheric density INCREASES with altitude

A

FALSE

46
Q

atmosphere is a main source of what elements

A

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

47
Q

four major layers of atmosphere

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

48
Q

what is the main source of earth’s energy

A

THE SUN

49
Q

when during the day are thunderstorms most common in NA?

A

afternoons and evenings

50
Q

what are the three stages of thunderstorms

A

Cumulus, mature, dissipative

51
Q

Supercells

A

extremely violent thunderstorms that last 2-4 hours

52
Q

Hail

A

hard rounded pieces of ice formed during thunderstorms

53
Q

How much damage does hail do to NA annually? ($)

A

1 billion

54
Q

Hurricane eyewall

A

innermost bands of clouds and rain, most intense.

55
Q

minimum wind speed for a hurricane to be ‘named’

A

63km/h

Geography (1 decks)

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