MIDTERM 2 REVIEW GEOG 100

Question 1

an avalanche is…

Answer 1

a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside

Question 2

avalanches occur in

Answer 2

remote uninhabited mountains during fall winter and spring

Question 3

Start Zone

Answer 3

where the snowpack fails

Question 4

track

Answer 4

path of acceleration and max velocity

Question 5

run-out zone

Answer 5

deceleration and deposition

Question 6

Most Avalanches Occur..

Answer 6

during or soon after snowstorms

Question 7

point-release avalanches begin..

Answer 7

with a failure of a small amount of loose cohesionless snow

Question 8

point-release avalanches do what when they move downslope

Answer 8

widen

Question 9

what shape do point-slope avalanches have

Answer 9

inverted v

Question 10

when do point-slope avalanches happen usually?

Answer 10

after a heavy snowfall

Question 11

slab avalanches begin..

Answer 11

when snowpack fractures along a weak layer at depth

Question 12

layered snowpacks failing cause..

Answer 12

slab avalanches

Question 13

slab avalanches move..

Answer 13

as a cohesive block

Question 14

T/F: slab avalanches can’t be triggered from below

Answer 14

false

Question 15

wet avalanches contain

Answer 15

liquid water

Question 16

dry avalanches generate

Answer 16

clouds of powdered snow

Question 17

is compacted snow or light snow more likely to move?

Answer 17

light snow

Question 18

hoar is:

Answer 18

ice crystals on snow when are is moist and cold

Question 19

what is the most important factor for avalanche formation?

Answer 19

slope angle

Question 20

Does BC have a high avalanche risk?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Streams and Rivers are part of the _____ Cycle

Answer 21

hydrologic

Question 22

River Gradient is greatest in

Answer 22

headwaters

Question 23

river gradient is lowest in

Answer 23

river mouth

Question 24

What are streams to rivers?

Answer 24

tributaries

Question 25

A region drained by a single stream is called a:

Answer 25

drainage basin, watershed, river basin, or catchment

Question 26

Bed Load

Answer 26

particles of sand and gravel that slide, roll, and bounce along bottom of channel

Question 27

suspended load

Answer 27

silt and clay particles carried the water

Question 28

90% of total load in most rivers:

Answer 28

Suspended load

Question 29

Dissolved load

Answer 29

salts and minerals carried in solution in the river

Question 30

River Discharge (equation)

Answer 30

q = v * a

Question 31

which has a higher velocity? narrow or wide channels

Answer 31

narrow channels

Question 32

braided channels

Answer 32

channels with intersecting channels

Question 33

anastomosing channels

Answer 33

two or more channels with stable islands or bars where sediment is temporarily stored

Question 34

meandering channels

Answer 34

erode sediment from outer curve and deposit it at a lower inner curve

Question 35

floodplain

Answer 35

low-lying areas adjacent to the river channel

Question 36

Is velocity lower or higher on the outside of curves in a meandering channel?

Answer 36

lower

Question 37

what happens to riverbanks on the outside curve in meandering channels?

Answer 37

they erode

Question 38

Flooding occurs when:

Answer 38

the stream discharged cannot be contained within the banks

Question 39

what is flooding also known as?

Answer 39

bankfull discharge

Question 40

how often will streams usually flood?

Answer 40

every 1-3 years

Question 41

T/F: floods cause the greatest loss of life/property of all natural hazards

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

What causes flooding?

Answer 42

Extreme rainfall, rapid snowmelt, storm surges

Question 43

what is a human cause of flooding

Answer 43

dams breaching

Question 44

atmosphere

Answer 44

outermost, least dense layer

Question 45

T/F atmospheric density INCREASES with altitude

Answer 45

FALSE

Question 46

atmosphere is a main source of what elements

Answer 46

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 47

four major layers of atmosphere

Answer 47

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Question 48

what is the main source of earth's energy

Answer 48

THE SUN

Question 49

when during the day are thunderstorms most common in NA?

Answer 49

afternoons and evenings

Question 50

what are the three stages of thunderstorms

Answer 50

Cumulus, mature, dissipative

Question 51

Supercells

Answer 51

extremely violent thunderstorms that last 2-4 hours

Question 52

Hail

Answer 52

hard rounded pieces of ice formed during thunderstorms

Question 53

How much damage does hail do to NA annually? ($)

Answer 53

1 billion

Question 54

Hurricane eyewall

Answer 54

innermost bands of clouds and rain, most intense.

Question 55

minimum wind speed for a hurricane to be 'named'

Answer 55

63km/h