MIDTERM 2 REVIEW GEOG 100 Flashcards

(55 cards)

1
Q

an avalanche is…

A

a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside

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2
Q

avalanches occur in

A

remote uninhabited mountains during fall winter and spring

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3
Q

Start Zone

A

where the snowpack fails

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4
Q

track

A

path of acceleration and max velocity

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5
Q

run-out zone

A

deceleration and deposition

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6
Q

Most Avalanches Occur..

A

during or soon after snowstorms

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7
Q

point-release avalanches begin..

A

with a failure of a small amount of loose cohesionless snow

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8
Q

point-release avalanches do what when they move downslope

A

widen

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9
Q

what shape do point-slope avalanches have

A

inverted v

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10
Q

when do point-slope avalanches happen usually?

A

after a heavy snowfall

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11
Q

slab avalanches begin..

A

when snowpack fractures along a weak layer at depth

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12
Q

layered snowpacks failing cause..

A

slab avalanches

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13
Q

slab avalanches move..

A

as a cohesive block

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14
Q

T/F: slab avalanches can’t be triggered from below

A

false

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15
Q

wet avalanches contain

A

liquid water

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16
Q

dry avalanches generate

A

clouds of powdered snow

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17
Q

is compacted snow or light snow more likely to move?

A

light snow

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18
Q

hoar is:

A

ice crystals on snow when are is moist and cold

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19
Q

what is the most important factor for avalanche formation?

A

slope angle

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20
Q

Does BC have a high avalanche risk?

A

yes

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21
Q

Streams and Rivers are part of the _____ Cycle

A

hydrologic

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22
Q

River Gradient is greatest in

A

headwaters

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23
Q

river gradient is lowest in

24
Q

What are streams to rivers?

25
A region drained by a single stream is called a:
drainage basin, watershed, river basin, or catchment
26
Bed Load
particles of sand and gravel that slide, roll, and bounce along bottom of channel
27
suspended load
silt and clay particles carried the water
28
90% of total load in most rivers:
Suspended load
29
Dissolved load
salts and minerals carried in solution in the river
30
River Discharge (equation)
q = v * a
31
which has a higher velocity? narrow or wide channels
narrow channels
32
braided channels
channels with intersecting channels
33
anastomosing channels
two or more channels with stable islands or bars where sediment is temporarily stored
34
meandering channels
erode sediment from outer curve and deposit it at a lower inner curve
35
floodplain
low-lying areas adjacent to the river channel
36
Is velocity lower or higher on the outside of curves in a meandering channel?
lower
37
what happens to riverbanks on the outside curve in meandering channels?
they erode
38
Flooding occurs when:
the stream discharged cannot be contained within the banks
39
what is flooding also known as?
bankfull discharge
40
how often will streams usually flood?
every 1-3 years
41
T/F: floods cause the greatest loss of life/property of all natural hazards
TRUE
42
What causes flooding?
Extreme rainfall, rapid snowmelt, storm surges
43
what is a human cause of flooding
dams breaching
44
atmosphere
outermost, least dense layer
45
T/F atmospheric density INCREASES with altitude
FALSE
46
atmosphere is a main source of what elements
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
47
four major layers of atmosphere
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
48
what is the main source of earth's energy
THE SUN
49
when during the day are thunderstorms most common in NA?
afternoons and evenings
50
what are the three stages of thunderstorms
Cumulus, mature, dissipative
51
Supercells
extremely violent thunderstorms that last 2-4 hours
52
Hail
hard rounded pieces of ice formed during thunderstorms
53
How much damage does hail do to NA annually? ($)
1 billion
54
Hurricane eyewall
innermost bands of clouds and rain, most intense.
55
minimum wind speed for a hurricane to be 'named'
63km/h